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Calendar year
Year 1318 (MCCCXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. January 23 – Pope John XXII issues the papal bull Gloriosam ecclesiam
1318
Nebula near the star Sadr
IC 1318 (also known as Gamma Cygni Nebula) is the diffuse emission nebula and a H II region surrounding the star Sadr (γ Cygni) at the center of Cygnus's
IC_1318
King of Georgia from 1308 to 1318
romanized: giorgi VI mtsire; 1303/4 — 1318), from the Bagrationi dynasty was the 19th king (mepe) of Georgia in 1308–1318. Son of King David VIII, he was appointed
George_VI_of_Georgia
Event in the First War of Scottish Independence
event in the First War of Scottish Independence which took place in April 1318. Sir James Douglas, Lord of Douglas took the town and castle of Berwick-upon-Tweed
Siege_of_Berwick_(1318)
1318 siege by Delhi Sultanate
In 1318, the Delhi Sultanate ruler Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah sent an army to subjugate the Kakatiya ruler Prataparudra who had stopped making tribute payments
Siege_of_Warangal_(1318)
This article provides the list of deceased maraji (plural of marja, the supreme legal authority or the source of emulation), followed by Twelver (also
List_of_deceased_maraji
Medieval campaign in Ireland
It lasted from his landing at Larne in 1315 to his defeat and death in 1318 at the Battle of Faughart in County Louth. It was part of the First War of
Bruce_campaign_in_Ireland
Country in North Africa
century, notably Abu Hammu I (1308–1318), who restored Tlemcen and expanded influence eastward; Abu Tashfin I (1318–1337), a patron of education and literature
Algeria
Pub and dining room at 49 Dean Street, Soho, London
51°30′46″N 0°07′54″W / 51.5127°N 0.1318°W / 51.5127; -0.1318 The French House is a pub and dining room at 49 Dean Street, Soho, London. It was previously
The_French_House,_Soho
Queen of England from 1299 to 1307
Margaret or Marguerite of France (c. 1279 – 14 February 1318) was Queen of England as the second wife of King Edward I. She was a daughter of Philip III
Margaret of France, Queen of England
Margaret_of_France,_Queen_of_England
King of England from 1272 to 1307
Martin's Press. ISBN 9780312086497. OL 3502870W. —— (2008). "Margaret (1279?–1318)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford
Edward_I
1999 mass shooting in Colorado, U.S.
Depression. Manhattan, NY, USA: Simon and Schuster. p. 247. ISBN 978-0-7432-1318-9. Larkin 2007, p. 119 Breggin, Peter R. (April 30, 1999). "Was School Shooter
Columbine High School massacre
Columbine_High_School_massacre
1306 conflict between King Birger of Sweden and his brothers
(1280–1321) and his brothers, the dukes Eric Magnusson (c. 1281–1318) and Valdemar Magnusson (c. 1282–1318). When Magnus Ladulås died in 1290, his eldest son Birger
Håtuna_game
Nestorian Patriarch
Timothy II (also Timotheos II) was Patriarch of the Church of the East from 1318 to c. 1332. He became leader of the church at a time of profound external
Timothy II of Seleucia-Ctesiphon
Timothy_II_of_Seleucia-Ctesiphon
First-century Jewish preacher and religious leader
(1977). "John". The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha. pp. 1286–1318. Harris 1985, pp. 302–310. Rahner 2004, pp. 730–731. O'Collins, Gerald (2009)
Jesus
This is the list of usurpers emerged in the Byzantine Rump States like Despotate of Epirus, Empire of Trebizond, Despotate of the Morea and others. List
List of usurpers in Byzantine Rump States
List_of_usurpers_in_Byzantine_Rump_States
Galaxy in the constellation Fornax
NGC 1317 (also known as NGC 1318) is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Fornax, in the Fornax Cluster. It was discovered by Scottish astronomer
NGC_1317
Amsterdam has a long and eventful history. The origins of the city lie around 1000 CE, when inhabitants settled at the mouth of the Amstel and began peatland
History_of_Amsterdam
John de Soules (or de Soulis or Soules) (died 1318). He was a prominent member of the de Soules family. de Soulis joined Robert the Bruce, and was rewarded
John_de_Soules_(died_1318)
Emperor of Japan from 1318 to 1339
and heir apparent under the direction of the Kamakura shogunate. 29 March 1318 (Bunpō 2, 26th day of 2nd month): In the 11th year of Hanazono's reign (花園天皇十一年)
Emperor_Go-Daigo
U.S. state
Texas: the Lone Star State (9th ed.). Prentice Hall. pp. 10–16. ISBN 978-0-1318-3550-4. Gwynne, S. C. (2011). Empire of the Summer Moon. Constable & Robinson
Texas
Prince of Moscow (1303–1325)
was Prince of Moscow from 1303 to 1325 and Grand Prince of Vladimir from 1318 to 1322. He contested the title of Grand Prince of Vladimir with his uncle
Yury_of_Moscow
the Church of the East, 1318–1552 were metropolitan provinces and dioceses of the Church of the East, during the period from 1318 to 1552. They were far
Dioceses of the Church of the East, 1318–1552
Dioceses_of_the_Church_of_the_East,_1318–1552
American political commentator (born 1991)
supremacy during a Twitch ban of HasanAbi". New Media & Society. 27 (3): 1318–1335. doi:10.1177/14614448231191776 – via Sage Journals. Weaver, Jackson
Hasan_Piker
1947–1991 geopolitical rivalry between US and USSR
(2004). Xinjiang: China's Muslim Borderland. M E Sharpe Inc. ISBN 978-0-7656-1318-9. Stockwell, John (1979) [1978]. In search of enemies. London: Futura Publications
Cold_War
Muslim preacher, mystic and theologian (1318–1389)
نقشبند; 1318–1389) was the eponymous founder of what became one of the largest Sufi Sunni orders, the Naqshbandi. Baha al-Din was born in March 1318 in the
Baha'_al-Din_Naqshband
English-ruled territory in Ireland (1177–1542)
lordship then went into decline, brought on by a Scottish invasion in 1315–1318, a concurrent famine, and the Black Death of the 1340s. The fluid political
Lordship_of_Ireland
Country in Central Europe
15. Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia. 2011. p. 108. ISSN 1318-5403. Archived from the original on 26 August 2013. Retrieved 27 December
Slovenia
Musical style of the Late Middle Ages
Page of the French manuscript Roman de Fauvel, Paris, B.N. Fr. 146 (c. 1318), "the first practical source of Ars nova music".
Ars_nova
Persian physician and historian (1247–1318)
Rashīd al-Dīn Ṭabīb (Persian: رشیدالدین طبیب; 1247–1318; also known as Rašīd al-Dīn Fażl-Allāh Hamadānī or Rashīd al-Dīn Faḍlullāh Hamadānī, i.e. "of
Rashid_al-Din_Hamadani
Main-belt asteroid
1318 Nerina (/nɪˈraɪnɑː/), provisional designation 1934 FG, is a Phocaea asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 13 kilometers
1318_Nerina
Title in the Peerage of England
Thomas de Furnivall, 2nd Baron Furnivall (1301–1339), son; summoned from 1318 onward as Baron Furnivall (acceleration or new creation?). He married firstly
Baron_Furnivall
Ruler of a Byzantine rump state
Thomas I Komnenos Doukas Θωμάς Κομνηνός Δούκας (Thōmas Komnēnos Doukas) 1297–1318 Son of Nikephoros I Komnenos Doukas. Murdered by his nephew, Nicholas Orsini
Despot_of_Epirus
Khan of the Chagatai Khanate from 1310 to 1318
Esen Buqa I was Khan of the Chagatai Khanate (1310 – c. 1318). He was the son of Duwa. In 1309 Esen Buqa's brother Kebek ordered a meeting (quriltai) to
Esen_Buqa_I
Californian court case
Jay Drew, Defendant and Appellant. Citation(s) 22 Cal. 3d 333; 583 P.2d 1318; 149 Cal. Rptr. 275 Holding The M'Naghten Rules do not adequately identify
People_v._Drew
Queen consort of Majorca
Constance of Aragon (1318–Montpellier, 1346) was Queen of Majorca as the wife of King James III. She was the eldest daughter of Alfonso IV of Aragon and
Constance of Aragon, Queen of Majorca
Constance_of_Aragon,_Queen_of_Majorca
High King of Ireland
Gaelic: Scottish Gaelic: Eideard or Iomhair Bruis; c. 1280 – 14 October 1318), was a younger brother of Robert the Bruce, King of Scots. He supported
Edward_Bruce
1391 Irish miscellaneous manuscript
The Yellow Book of Lecan (YBL; Irish: Leabhar Buidhe Leacáin), or TCD MS 1318 (olim H 2.16), is a late medieval Irish manuscript. It contains much of the
Yellow_Book_of_Lecan
Area in County Louth, Ireland
motte-and-bailey castle was built on Faughart Hill. Its ruins survive. In 1318, the Battle of Faughart was fought here between an Irish-Scottish force led
Faughart
Emperor of Japan from 1308 to 1318
traditional order of succession. His reign spanned the years from 1308 through 1318. Before his ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (his
Emperor_Hanazono
13th- and 14th-century Italian painter
/ˈduːtʃioʊ/ DOO-chee-oh, Italian: [ˈduttʃo di ˌbwɔninˈseɲɲa]; c. 1255/1260 – c. 1318/1319), commonly known as just Duccio, was an Italian painter active in Siena
Duccio
Austrian noblewoman (1318–1343)
Anna of Austria (1318–1343) was the youngest daughter of Frederick the Fair, of Austria and his wife, Isabella of Aragon. Her paternal grandparents were
Anne of Austria, Duchess of Bavaria
Anne_of_Austria,_Duchess_of_Bavaria
1285–1510 Sunni Berber dynasty of North Africa
in 1317 al-Lihyaní fled and abdicated in favor of his son, but in early 1318 Abu-Yahya Abu-Bakr made his entrance into the capital, thereby once again
Hafsids_of_Béjaïa
2 10 08/04/2017 11/06/2021 1317 Caleb Timu 21 5 25 07/07/2017 15/06/2019 1318 Reece Hewat 1 14/07/2017 14/07/2017 1319 Jayden Ngamanu 3 14/07/2017 02/06/2018
List of Queensland Reds players
List_of_Queensland_Reds_players
Llywelyn Bren hanged, drawn and quartered at Cardiff Castle without authority. 1318 8 April – Berwick-upon-Tweed is retaken by the Scottish from the English
1310s_in_England
Mongolian ruler of Central Asia
was Khan of the Chagatai Khanate from 1309 until 1310, and again from c. 1318 until his death. Kebek was the son of Duwa, who was the Khan from 1282 until
Kebek
Seljuk sultan r. 1160–1177
III Mesud III (disputed) Kilij Arslan V (disputed) Kubadoğulları Emirs (1318-1422) Tâceddin Altunbaş Kay-Kubad Bey Kubadoğlu Ali Bey Kubadoğlu Cüneyd
Arslan-Shah_(Seljuk_sultan)
Capital and most populous city of Russia
principality. Yury won recognition from the Mongol khan as the grand prince in 1318, but he lost the title four years later. Ivan I recovered the grand princely
Moscow
Constitution, and for other purposes. Pub. L. 118–226 (text) (PDF), H.R. 1318, 138 Stat. 2819 118-227 Clifton Opportunities Now for Vibrant Economic Yields
List of acts of the 118th United States Congress
List_of_acts_of_the_118th_United_States_Congress
1317 Week 3 555 18 "Episode 18" Days 14–15 18 June 2026 (2026-06-18) 1318 556 19 "Episode 19" Days 15–16 19 June 2026 (2026-06-19) 1319 557 20 "Episode
Love Island (2015 TV series) series 13
Love_Island_(2015_TV_series)_series_13
1303 1304 1305 1306 1307 1308 1309 1310 1311 1312 1313 1314 1315 1316 1317 1318 1319 1320 1321 1322 1323 1324 1325 1326 1327 1328 1329 1330 1331 1332 1333
2025_in_Scotland
Public collegiate university in England
from Pope Nicholas IV in 1290, and confirmed as such by Pope John XXII's 1318 papal bull, it became common for researchers from other European medieval
University_of_Cambridge
Scottish magnate
Aonghus Óg Mac Domhnaill (died 1314 × 1318/c. 1330), or Angus Og MacDonald, was a fourteenth-century Scottish magnate and chief of Clann Domhnaill. He
Aonghus_Óg_of_Islay
Autonomous region of China
(2004). Xinjiang: China's Muslim Borderland. M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 978-0-7656-1318-9. Seymour, James D.; Anderson, Richard (1999). New Ghosts, Old Ghosts: Prisons
Xinjiang
Polity in the Holy Roman Empire
Culemborg and the villages of Everdingen, Goilberdingen and Zijderveld. In 1318, Culemborg received city rights from the lord, Jan van Beusichem. From 1341
County_of_Culemborg
English noblewoman (1318–1372)
Countess of Arundel (sometimes called Eleanor Plantagenet; 11 September 1318 – 11 January 1372) was the fifth daughter of Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster
Eleanor_of_Lancaster
1803: Sheikh Abdul Aziz bin Muhammad bin Saud assassinated. Shah Shuja proclaimed King of Afghanistan. 1804: Uprising under George Petrovich against Janissary
Timeline of the history of Islam (19th century)
Timeline_of_the_history_of_Islam_(19th_century)
Turkic ethnic group
Xinjiang: China's Muslim Borderland. M. E. Sharpe. pp. 40–41. ISBN 978-0-7656-1318-9. Archived from the original on 1 January 2016. Retrieved 19 October 2015
Uyghurs
Songs by Alka Yagnik
1316 "Kasam Se" Kumar Sanu 1317 "Mile Jo Tere Naina" Ek Phool Teen Kante 1318 "Jaanam O Jaanam" Jatin-Lalit Sameer 1319 "Yeh Kaisa Nasha" 1320 "Yeh Ladki
List of songs recorded by Alka Yagnik
List_of_songs_recorded_by_Alka_Yagnik
King of Georgia (r. 1299–1302, 1318–1346)
the king (mepe) of the Kingdom of Georgia from 1299 to 1302 and again from 1318 until his death in 1346. King George V died in 1346. He occupies a distinguished
George_V_of_Georgia
1316 "Aagaya Gangai"(Female) Shivaji Raja 1317 "Aamadi Kumikal" Greedam 1318 "Angamma" Raj–Koti 1319 "Ponmaane" 1320 "Thazhuvi" 1321 "Oh Naveena" 1322
List of songs recorded by K. S. Chithra
List_of_songs_recorded_by_K._S._Chithra
Founder of Buddhism
identified Buddha with the legendary al-Khizr. Rashid al-Din Hamadani's (1247–1318) Jāmiʿ al-Tawārīkh dedicates an entire chapter on describing Buddhist beliefs
The_Buddha
Type of sexual assault involving sexual intercourse without consent
Analysis of Ten Years of Reported Cases". Violence Against Women. 16 (12): 1318–1334. doi:10.1177/1077801210387747. ISSN 1077-8012. PMID 21164210. S2CID 15377916
Rape
Yellowish star in the constellation Aquarius
18 Aquarii is a single, yellow-white hued star in the equatorial constellation of Aquarius. The designation is from the catalogue of English astronomer
18_Aquarii
Ramstein (born before 1230; died 22 July 1318) was abbot of the Benedictine Abbey of Saint Gall from 1301 until 1318. It is not recorded whether Heinrich
Heinrich_von_Ramstein
Crusader state in central Greece
The Lordship of Salona, after 1318 the County of Salona, was a Crusader state established after the Fourth Crusade (1204) in Central Greece, around the
Lordship_of_Salona
Part of the Swedish-Novgorodian Wars
Novgorod Republic on the Swedish city of Åbo (Turku, in present-day Finland) in 1318. The Novgorodian goal of capturing the city failed, but they managed to burn
Attack_on_Åbo_(1318)
Countess of Tyrol
Margaret, nicknamed Maultasch (1318 – 3 October 1369), was the last Countess of Tyrol from the House of Gorizia (Meinhardiner), and an unsuccessful claimant
Margaret,_Countess_of_Tyrol
1312 1313 1314 1315 1316 1317 1318 1319 1320 1321 1322 1323 1324 1325 … In literature 1312 1313 1314 1315 1316 1317 1318 Art Archaeology Architecture Literature
1310s_in_poetry
Duke of Mecklenburg from 1347 to 1379
Albert II, Duke of Mecklenburg (c. 1318 – 18 February 1379) was a feudal lord in Northern Germany on the shores of the Baltic Sea. He reigned as the head
Albert II, Duke of Mecklenburg
Albert_II,_Duke_of_Mecklenburg
1389 (11 years, 190 days) Urban VI VRBANVS Sextus Bartolomeo Prignano c. 1318 Naples, Kingdom of Naples 60 / 71 Subject of the Kingdom of Naples. Last
List_of_popes
State in northwestern India
Researches on Its Rise and Decline". Economic and Political Weekly. 36 (16): 1311–1318. ISSN 0012-9976. JSTOR 4410511. Archived from the original on 18 May 2023
Punjab,_India
Oceanic division
pp. 217–218 Torsvik et al. 2009, General setting and magmatism, pp. 1316–1318 Giorgioni, Martino; Weissert, Helmut; Bernasconi, Stefano M.; Hochuli, Peter
Atlantic_Ocean
1957–59 Chinese political campaign under Mao Zedong
Re-education in Mao's China, Cornell University Press, pp. 17–47, ISBN 978-1-5017-1318-7, retrieved 2025-06-13 Chen, Zeming (15 December 2007). "The "Active Rightists"
Anti-Rightist_Campaign
Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Albert (Latin Albertus; c. 1268 – 22 September 1318), called the Fat (pinguis), was a member of the House of Welf, one of the oldest European noble families
Albert_II,_Duke_of_Brunswick
Iron Age hill fort site in Devon, England
50°40′09″N 4°07′54″W / 50.6692°N 4.1318°W / 50.6692; -4.1318 Burley Wood is the site of an Iron Age hill fort north of Lydford in Devon, England. The
Burley_Wood
Scottish nobleman
Sir Philip Mowbray or Philip de Mowbray (died 1318) was a Scottish noble who opposed Robert the Bruce in the Wars of Scottish Independence. He later changed
Philip_Mowbray
Battle of World War I
dei Briganti successfully defeating the Austrians them attacking height 1318 and easily capturing it from the Germans. The army under Captain Zancanaro
Battle_of_Col_Moschin
Visual impairment
patients with visual snow syndrome". British Journal of Ophthalmology. 106 (9): 1318–1324. doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-318653. PMC 9411880. PMID 34656983. S2CID 239006203
Visual_snow_syndrome
Earth's most severe extinction event
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 279 (1732): 1310–1318. doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.1895. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 3282377. PMID 22031757.
Permian–Triassic extinction event
Permian–Triassic_extinction_event
Buddhist temple in Ehime Prefecture, Japan
Annoyō-ji to reveal a stone inscribed "Emon Saburō is reborn". Niōmon (二王門) (1318) (National Treasure) Three-storey pagoda (三重塔) (late Kamakura period) (Important
Ishite-ji
Queen of Navarre from 1328 to 1349
Joan's claim to Champagne and Brie in exchange for a compensation in March 1318. At this time, Joan married her cousin Philip of Évreux (later Philip III
Joan_II_of_Navarre
Municipality in Central Bohemian, Czech Republic
landscape in the Prague Plateau. The first written mention of Lidice is from 1318, in a chronicle written by Peter of Zittau. For centuries, Lidice was an
Lidice
Hungarian lord in the early 14th century, who served as Master of the horse from 1318 until 1321. Nicholas II was born into the senior branch of the powerful and
Nicholas_II_Kőszegi
King of Scotland from 1306 to 1329
Bannockburn and the capture of the final English stronghold at Berwick in 1318, Edward II refused to renounce his claim to the overlordship of Scotland
Robert_the_Bruce
Anand Bakshi Des Pardes 1317 "Yeh Des Pardes" Rajesh Roshan Amit Khanna solo 1318 "Tu Pee Aur Jee" 1319 "Nazrana Bheja Kisine Pyar Ka" 1320 "Jaisa Des Waisa
List of songs recorded by Kishore Kumar
List_of_songs_recorded_by_Kishore_Kumar
1306–1308 Taliqu 1308–1309 Kebek 1309 d. 1325 Esen Buqa I 1309–c. 1318 Kebek (restored) c. 1318–1325 Eljigidey 1325–1329 Duwa Temür 1329–1330 Aladdin Tarmashirin
List_of_Mongol_rulers
King of Assyria
Enlil-nirari (“Enlil is my helper”) was King of Assyria from c. 1327 BC to 1318 BC during the Middle Assyrian Empire. He was the son of Aššur-uballiṭ I.
Enlil-nirari
United Nations resolution adopted in 2000
United Nations Security Council resolution 1318, adopted unanimously on 7 September 2000, after holding a meeting of world leaders on occasion of the Millennium
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1318
United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1318
Prince of Moscow (1261–1303)
progenitor Konstantin of Suzdal Prince of Nizhny Novgorod-Suzdal (1341–1355) Mikhail of Tver Prince of Tver (1285–1318) G. P. of Vladimir (1304–1318)
Daniel_of_Moscow
Prince of Tver from 1318 to 1326
Eyes or the Terrible Eyes (Russian: Грозные Очи), was Prince of Tver from 1318 and Grand Prince of Vladimir from 1322 until his death in 1326. Following
Dmitry_of_Tver
Italian writer and philosopher (1265–1321)
were spent in Ravenna, where he had been invited to stay in the city in 1318 by its prince, Guido II da Polenta. Dante died in Ravenna on September 14
Dante_Alighieri
History of the quarter of the Neukölln borough in Berlin, Germany
around 1245, its ownership was transferred to the Knights Hospitaller in 1318. The estate was legally elevated to the status of village in its foundational
History_of_Neukölln
Empire in Eurasia from 1206–1368
Tokhta's son against Ozbeg. In the Chagatai Khanate, Esen Buqa I (r. 1309–1318) was enthroned as khan after suppressing a sudden rebellion by Ögedei's descendants
Mongol_Empire
Cancer of the colon or rectum
physical activity". Colorectal Disease. 11 (7): 689–701. doi:10.1111/j.1463-1318.2009.01767.x. PMID 19207713. S2CID 8026021. Robsahm TE, Aagnes B, Hjartåker
Colorectal_cancer
"Yaaron Jo Kal Tak" Chhupa Rustam 1317 "Yeh Chand Koi Deewana Hai" Alka Yagnik 1318 "Aisa Na Ho Aarman Jag Jaye" 1319 "Pyar mein Dil To Sab Dete Hai" Dil Churaya
List of Hindi songs recorded by Kumar Sanu
List_of_Hindi_songs_recorded_by_Kumar_Sanu
English judge in Ireland (d. 1317 or 1318)
Hugh Canoun, or Hugh Canon (died December 1317/January 1318) was an English-born judge in early fourteenth-century Ireland. He was a justice of the Court
Hugh_Canoun
RNLI lifeboat station in Cornwall, England
operates a Shannon-class all-weather lifeboat (ALB), 13-11 Nora Stachura (ON 1318), on station since 2015, and the smaller D-class (IB1) inshore lifeboat (ILB)
St_Ives_Lifeboat_Station
Founder knight of the Order of the Garter (1318–1369)
Sir James Audley, KG (also Audeley; c. 1318 – 1369) was one of the original knights, or founders, of the Order of the Garter. He was the eldest son of
James_Audley_(died_1369)
Wenceslaus I, Duke of Legnica (Polish: Wacław I legnicki; c. 1318 – 2 June 1364) was a Duke of Namysłów from 1338 and of Legnica-Brzeg from 1342 until
Wenceslaus_I_of_Legnica
1318
1318
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname from the bird (Old English hrÅc), most likely given to a person with very dark hair or a dark complexion or to someone with a raucous voice.English : some early examples, such as Robert of ye Rook (London 1318) and Henry del Rook (Staffordshire 1332), point clearly to a local name of some kind. The first of these could be from a house sign, the second may be a variant of Rock 1.German : from a short form of a Germanic personal name formed with hrok, of uncertain origin; perhaps a cognate of 1 or from Middle High German rÅhen ‘to cry or yell (in battle)’ or Old High German ruoh ‘intent’.Perhaps an altered spelling of German Ruck.
1318
1318
1318
1318
1318
1318
1318