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Calendar year
1591 (MDXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1591st year
1591
Brightest star in Earth's night sky
α Canis Majoris (α CMa), 9 Canis Majoris (9 CMa), HD 48915, HR 2491, BD−16°1591, GJ 244, LHS 219, ADS 5423, LTT 2638, HIP 32349 Sirius B: EGGR 49, WD 0642-166
Sirius
1593–1606 Habsburg–Ottoman war
Fifteen Years' War (Hungarian: tizenöt éves háború), reckoning from the 1591–1592 Turkish campaign that captured Bihać in the Kingdom of Croatia. In Turkey
Long_Turkish_War
Late 16th-century conflict between Siam and Cambodia
The Siamese–Cambodian War (1591–1594)(Khmer: សង្គ្រាមសៀម-កម្ពុជា (១៥៩១-១៥៩៤),Thai: สงครามสยาม-กัมพูชา พ.ศ. 2134), also known as The Siamese Invasion of
Siamese–Cambodian War (1591–1594)
Siamese–Cambodian_War_(1591–1594)
Country in East Asia
expedition and recorded an account of the Taiwanese Indigenous people. In 1591, Japan sent envoys to deliver a letter requesting tribute relations with
Taiwan
1585 1586 1587 1588 1589 1590 1591 1592 1593 1594 1595 1596 1597 1598 1599 1600 1601 … In literature 1588 1589 1590 1591 1592 1593 1594 Art Archaeology
1591_in_poetry
1591 naval battle
to intercept Spanish ships. Revenge was on such a patrol in the summer of 1591 under the command of Sir Richard Grenville. The Spanish, meanwhile, had dispatched
Battle_of_Flores_(1591)
English galleon
race-built galleon of 46 guns, built in 1577 and captured by the Spanish in 1591, sinking soon afterwards. She was the first of 13 English and Royal Navy
English_ship_Revenge_(1577)
The Coup d'État of 1591 in Tunis was carried out by the yoldach (junior janissaries) and led to the creation of the office of the Dey. As a result, the
1591_uprising_in_Tunis
Country in North Africa
expedition to West Africa inflicted a crushing defeat on the Songhay Empire in 1591. However, managing the territories across the Sahara proved too difficult
Morocco
Small domesticated carnivorous mammal
Science. 65 (3): 273–283. Bibcode:1999AABS...65..273B. doi:10.1016/S0168-1591(99)00086-6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 January 2019. Wastlhuber
Cat
Possible order of composition of Shakespeare's plays
Chambers in 1930 is as follows: Henry VI, Part 1 (1591–1592) Henry VI, Part 2 (1591–1592) Henry VI, Part 3 (1591–1592) Richard III (1592–1593) The Comedy of
Chronology of Shakespeare's plays
Chronology_of_Shakespeare's_plays
The 1591 conclave (27–29 October) was held after the death of Pope Gregory XIV on 16 October that year, after less than a year as pope. This left the Holy
1591_conclave
Head of the Catholic Church from 1590 to 1591
(Latin: Gregorius XIV; Italian: Gregorio XIV; 11 February 1535 – 16 October 1591), born Niccolò Sfondrato or Sfondrati, was head of the Catholic Church and
Pope_Gregory_XIV
English writer and poet
John Phillips (fl. 1570–1591) was an English writer and poet. He was educated at Queens' College, Cambridge but took no degree. He was a student of the
John_Phillips_(fl._1570–1591)
Member of the Parliament of England
Edward Aglionby (1520 – c. 1591) was an English Member of Parliament, official, translator and poet. He was closely associated with the Dudley family.
Edward Aglionby (died c. 1591)
Edward_Aglionby_(died_c._1591)
Military ruler of Japan from 1585 to 1598
winning the Siege of Odawara in 1590 and crushing the Kunohe rebellion in 1591. With the unification of Japan complete, Hideyoshi launched the Japanese
Toyotomi_Hideyoshi
Thomas Halsey (1591/2 – 1678) was born 2 January 1591/2 in Hertfordshire, England and died 27 August 1678 in Southampton, New York. He emigrated from England
Thomas_Halsey_(1591–1679)
Play by Shakespeare
Henry VI, Part 2 (1591) is a Shakespearean history play about King Henry VI of England's inability to quell the bickering of his noblemen, the death of
Henry_VI,_Part_2
English playwright and poet (1564–1616)
the document is now lost and scholars differ as to its authenticity. In 1591 the authorities reported that John Shakespeare had missed church "for fear
William_Shakespeare
sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "1591 in music" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2025) (Learn
1591_in_music
English politician
William Button (1526–1591) was the member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Marlborough in the parliament of March 1553. He was the only son of William
William_Button_(1526–1591)
English politician and courtier (1540–1591)
Sir Christopher Hatton (12 December 1540 – 20 November 1591) was an English politician, Lord Chancellor of England and a favourite of Elizabeth I of England
Christopher_Hatton
Italian composer (1567–1643)
(which could mean either viola da gamba or viola da braccio). In 1590 or 1591 he entered the service of Duke Vincenzo I Gonzaga of Mantua; he recalled
Claudio_Monteverdi
Italian Jesuit seminarian and saint (1568–1591)
Aloysius de Gonzaga, SJ (Italian: Luigi Gonzaga; 9 March 1568 – 21 June 1591) was an Italian aristocrat who became a member of the Society of Jesus. While
Aloysius_Gonzaga
Russian noblewoman (c. 1591)
Vasilisa Volokhova (floruit 1591; Russian: Василиса Волохова) was a Russian noblewoman and courtier, the royal governess and nurse of Prince Dmitry of
Vasilisa_Volokhova
List of events
Events from the year 1591 in India. Hyderabad, India established by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah and Charminar built Mir Jumla II, subahdar of Bengal (died
1591_in_India
King of Scotland from 1567 to 1625, King of England and Ireland from 1603
and Cautelis), 1584 His Majesties Poeticall Exercises at Vacant Houres, 1591 Lepanto, poem Daemonologie, 1597 Extra-titular Works from the Collected Demonology
James_VI_and_I
Type of inflammatory bowel disease
Cohort of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease". Vaccines. 11 (10): 1591. doi:10.3390/vaccines11101591. PMC 10611209. PMID 37896993. Kristo I, Stift
Crohn's_disease
Queen of England and Ireland from 1558 to 1603
repression of Catholics intensified, and Elizabeth authorised commissions in 1591 to interrogate and monitor Catholic householders. To maintain the illusion
Elizabeth_I
Second-longest river in Europe
Turkish Siege of Vienna (1529), the Siege of Esztergom (1543), the Long War (1591–1606), the Battle of Vienna (1683), the Great Turkish War (1683–1699), the
Danube
The year 1591 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here. François Viète publishes In Artem Analyticien Isagoge, introducing
1591_in_science
English nobleman, politician (1591–1636)
William Spencer, 2nd Baron Spencer of Wormleighton (1591 – 19 December 1636) was an English nobleman, politician, and peer from the Spencer family. Spencer
William Spencer, 2nd Baron Spencer of Wormleighton
William_Spencer,_2nd_Baron_Spencer_of_Wormleighton
Head of the Catholic Church in 1591
December 1591), born Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 29 October to 30 December 1591. Prior
Pope_Innocent_IX
Portuguese invasion of Jaffna kingdom in 1591 AD was the second expedition against the Jaffna kingdom by the Portuguese. The campaign, led by Captain André
Portuguese invasion of the Jaffna kingdom (1591)
Portuguese_invasion_of_the_Jaffna_kingdom_(1591)
Lady Margaret Sackville (c. 1562 – 19 August 1591), formerly Lady Margaret Howard, was the wife of Robert Sackville, 2nd Earl of Dorset. Margaret Howard
Lady Margaret Sackville (1562–1591)
Lady_Margaret_Sackville_(1562–1591)
English earl (1591–1668)
William Cecil, 2nd Earl of Salisbury, KG, PC, MP (28 March 1591 – 3 December 1668), known as Viscount Cranborne from 1605 to 1612, was an English peer
William Cecil, 2nd Earl of Salisbury
William_Cecil,_2nd_Earl_of_Salisbury
English lawyer and politician
Sir Richard Dyott (c. 1591 – 8 March 1660) was an English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1623 and 1640. He was a Royalist
Richard_Dyott_(died_1660)
Maharani of Mewar and consort of Maharana Pratap (1542–1591)
Ajabde Punwar (lit. 'Beautiful Soul'; c. 1 March 1542 – 20 January 1591), popularly known as Maharani Ajabde Punwar, was the queen of the Kingdom of Mewar
Ajabde
Day of the year
soldier (born 1575) 1635 – Friedrich Spee, German poet and academic (born 1591) 1639 – Martin van den Hove, Dutch astronomer and mathematician (born 1605)
August_7
English landowner (1526–1591)
William Booth (1526–1591) was an English landowner in the Tudor era, seated at Twemlow in Cheshire. The eldest son of Edward Booth by his second wife,
William_Booth_(1526–1591)
Italian cardinal (1552–1608)
April 1591. Pope Gregory XIV made him Bishop of Cervia on 8 February 1591 with the idea of sending him as Nuncio in Spain. He left Prague on 1 July 1591 and
Alfonso_Visconti
Italian Roman Catholic bishop (died 1598)
Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Aversa (1591–1598) and Bishop of Spoleto (1581–1591). On 11 Apr 1580, Pietro Orsini was appointed during
Pietro_Orsini_(bishop)
French jester
Chicot (c. 1540–1591), real name Jean-Antoine d'Anglerais, was the jester of King Henry III of France and later Henry IV. He spoke with the king without
Chicot
English politician
Sir John Evelyn (1591–1664) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1628 and 1660. He reluctantly supported
John_Evelyn_(1591–1664)
1591 siege in the Netherlands
siege of Deventer was a siege of the city of Deventer from 1 to 10 June 1591 during the Eighty Years' War by Dutch and English troops under Maurice of
Siege_of_Deventer_(1591)
Star at the centre of the Solar System
solar gravity modes: the dynamics of the solar core". Science. 316 (5831): 1591–1593. Bibcode:2007Sci...316.1591G. doi:10.1126/science.1140598. PMID 17478682
Sun
Humphrey Sydenham (1591 – c. 1650), "Silver Tongue Sydenham", was an English royalist divine, famous for his sermons. He was born in 1591 at Dulverton in
Humphrey_Sydenham_(1591–1650)
French Wars of Religion, the siege of Autun lasted from 18 May until 20 June 1591. The city of Autun, held by the Catholic League, successfully resisted a
Siege_of_Autun_(1591)
Helen (Georgian: ელენე, romanized: elene) (born 1591) was a Georgian royal princess (batonishvili) of the Bagrationi dynasty of Kartli branch. She was
Princess_Helen_of_Kartli
English soldier and Member of Parliament
Sir Robert Constable (c. 1522 – 12 November 1591), of Newark-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire, and the Minories, London, was an English soldier and Member of
Robert Constable (soldier, died 1591)
Robert_Constable_(soldier,_died_1591)
Events from the year 1591 in France. Monarch – Henry IV Siege of Rouen March 15 – Alexandre de Rhodes, Jesuit missionary (d.1660) Girard Desargues, mathematician
1591_in_France
English politician
John Rose (died 1591), of Canterbury, Kent, was an English politician. Rose was a tailor who was active in the local politics of Canterbury as an alderman
John_Rose_(died_1591)
Period of Roman history (c. 509 – 27 BC)
North & Price 1998, pp. 30–35. Schilling 1992, p. 115. Orr 1978, pp. 1557–1591. Rüpke 2007a, p. 5. Gruen 1996, pp. 34ff. Rüpke 2001, p. 223. Cornell 1995
Roman_Republic
City in Veneto, Italy
(1532–1589), French poet and member of La Pléiade Veronica Franco (1546–1591), poet and courtesan during the Renaissance Paolo Sarpi (1552–1623), historian
Venice
Minesweeper of the United States Navy
reclassified as the submarine chaser PC-1591 and her name cancelled 1 June 1944. Arriving at Ulithi on 9 December 1944, PC-1591 escorted convoys to Guam, Saipan
USS_Daring
Italian nobleman and art collector
Niccolò Gaddi (12 October 1537, Florence - 14 June 1591, Florence) was an Italian nobleman and art collector He was the son of Sinibaldo di Taddeo Gaddi
Niccolò_Gaddi_(1537–1591)
Kosiński uprising (1591–1593) was the first Cossack rebellion in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, commanded by the Cossack Hetman Krzysztof Kosiński
Kosiński_uprising
101st Patriarch of the Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch (1591–1597)
was the Patriarch of Antioch and head of the Syriac Orthodox Church from 1591 until his death in 1597. Pilate was from the village of al-Manṣūriyyah near
Ignatius_Pilate
Building in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
three generations. During this time, the castle was destroyed by fire in 1591, and, since there is no mention of any attacks, it is presumed that the castle
Berwartstein_Castle
Sixteenth-century Irish noblewoman
O'Donnell, Countess of Tyrone (Irish: Siobhán Ní Domhnaill; died January 1591), sometimes anglicised Joanna, Joan, or Judith, was a sixteenth-century Irish
Siobhán_O'Donnell
African king and first Nupe people uniter
Tsoede, also known as Tsuedigi, Tsade or Edegi(c. 1496[citation needed] – c.1591) is a legendary African leader. He was the first person to unite the Nupe
Tsoede
Capital and most populous city of Russia
survived. The Crimean Tatars attacked again in 1591, but were held back by new walls, built between 1584 and 1591 by a craftsman named Fyodor Kon. In 1592,
Moscow
Pendant owned by Sir Francis Drake
before 1591, possibly to celebrate England's victory against the Spanish Armada in 1588. Drake was painted by Marcus Gheeraerts the Younger in 1591 and is
Drake_Jewel
16th-century Scottish healer and purported witch
Agnes Sampson (died 28 January 1591) was a Scottish healer and purported witch. Also known as the "Wise Wife of Keith", Sampson was executed during the
Agnes_Sampson
Diwan Bikaner
Minister of Bikaner State in the former Rajputana (now Rajasthan) from 1571 to 1591. Karamchand, a descendant of Bachhraj, was a valiant warrior, a good administrator
Karam_Chand_Bachhawat
Measurement of the human penis
future direction". Indian Journal of Urology. 22 (3): 246. doi:10.4103/0970-1591.27633. Woertman, Liesbeth; De Wit, John; Hoogesteeger, Marcel (2005). "Tevredenheid
Human_penis_size
Country in West Africa
compounded by the decline of the Mali Empire in 1375 and the Songhai Empire in 1591. As inland regions underwent desertification, inhabitants moved to the wetter
Liberia
Events in Aragon during the reign of Felipe II
when he complained to those close to him about his persecution. On May 24, 1591, at the request of the inquisitors and by order of the Justice Juan de Lanuza
Alterations_of_Aragon
Tsar of Russia from 1547 to 1584
September 1580; widow): Tsarevich Dmitri Ivanovich (19 October 1582 – 15 May 1591); he was later canonized as Saint Right-Believing Demetrius of Uglich and
Ivan_the_Terrible
Siege in Rouen, France in 1591
resist his rule, and which was aided by Spain. The siege began on 11 November 1591 with Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex confronting the town's governor,
Siege_of_Rouen_(1591–1592)
English poet and cleric (1591–1674)
Robert Herrick (baptised 24 August 1591 – buried 15 October 1674) was a 17th-century English lyric poet and Anglican cleric. He is best known for Hesperides
Robert_Herrick_(poet)
English canal builder and agricultural improver
Sir Richard Weston (1591–1652) was an English canal builder and agricultural improver. He instigated the construction of the Wey Navigation—one of the
Richard Weston (canal builder)
Richard_Weston_(canal_builder)
Italian poet and courtesan (c. 1546–1591)
Veronica Franco (c. 1546–1591) was an Italian poet and courtesan in 16th-century Venice. She is known for her notable clientele, feminist advocacy, literary
Veronica_Franco
English politician, soldier and explorer (1542–1591)
Sir Richard Grenville (b. 1542 – d. 1591), also spelt Greynvile, Greeneville, and Greenfield, was an English privateer and explorer. Grenville was lord
Richard_Grenville
Christian IV Steward of the Realm – Christoffer Valkendorff (from 1596) 1591 4 July – Christopher Perkins has his first audience with Christian IV after
1590s_in_Denmark
16th-century Scottish maid
Geillis Duncan also spelled Gillis Duncan (b. unknown d. 4 December 1591) was a young maidservant in 16th century Scotland who was accused of being a witch
Geillis_Duncan
Play by Shakespeare
collaboration with Thomas Nashe and others—believed to have been written in 1591. It is set during the lifetime of King Henry VI of England. Henry VI, Part
Henry_VI,_Part_1
Japanese tea master (1522–1591)
Sen no Rikyū (Japanese: 千 利休; 1522 – April 21, 1591), also known simply as Rikyū, was a Japanese tea master considered the most important influence on
Sen_no_Rikyū
Events from the year 1591 in Sweden Monarch – John III (Monarch: Sigismund III Vasa reigns as King of Sweden.) - Beata Oxenstierna, courtier (died 1652)
1591_in_Sweden
Regent of Saxony (1568–1622)
Saxony by marriage to Christian I, Elector of Saxony. She was regent from 1591 to 1601 during the minority of their son Christian II. Sophie was born at
Sophie_of_Brandenburg
English politician
1591), of Wells, Somerset, was an English politician. He was a member (MP) of the parliament of England for Wells in 1586. "SMITH, William I (d.1591)
William_Smith_(died_1591)
U.S. state
Court justice, signatory of the Declaration of Independence Anne Hutchinson (1591–1643) – early settler of Newport, the catalyst of the Antinomian Controversy
Rhode_Island
Ruler of the Songhai Empire (c.1550–1592)
as Askia Isḥāq Zughrānī, was the ruler of the Songhai Empire from 1588 to 1591. He commanded the Songhai force at the Battle of Tondibi, where he was defeated
Askia_Ishaq_II
Internet top-level domain
Jon Postel (March 1994). RFC 1591 Domain Name System Structure and Delegation. IETF. p. 2. doi:10.17487/RFC1591. RFC 1591. "Introducing .COM, .ORG, .NET
.com
United Nations resolution adopted in 2005
United Nations Security Council resolution 1591, adopted on 29 March 2005, after recalling resolutions 1547 (2004), 1556 (2004), 1564 (2004), 1574 (2004)
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1591
United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1591
Irish Catholic Bishop
Cornelius O'Boyle (c. 1547– 1591) was an Irish Roman Catholic prelate who was Bishop of Limerick from 1582 to 1591. O'Boyle was a priest of the diocese
Cornelius_O'Boyle
Slave trade between Africa and the West
threatened economic interest in the area. Although Kongo joined a coalition in 1591 to force the Portuguese out, Portugal had secured a foothold that it occupied
Atlantic_slave_trade
Italian Roman Catholic prelate
Girolamo Petroni (died 1591) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Terni (1581–1591). On 16 January 1581, Girolamo Petroni was appointed
Girolamo_Petroni
Irish Catholic bishop (1591–1651)
John O'Molony (1591 – 1651) was an Irish Roman Catholic prelate who was Bishop of Killaloe from 1630. He was a prominent supporter of the Irish Confederacy
John_O'Molony_(1591–1651)
Elector of Saxony from 1591 to 1611
Christian II (23 September 1583 – 23 June 1611) was Elector of Saxony from 1591 to 1611. He was born in Dresden, the eldest son of Christian I, Elector of
Christian II, Elector of Saxony
Christian_II,_Elector_of_Saxony
Tragedy by William Shakespeare
in particular Mercutio and Paris. Believed to have been written between 1591 and 1595, the play was first published in a quarto version in 1597. The text
Romeo_and_Juliet
Legal right of women to vote
partially or temporarily: in Rome, in 1591, during the short pontificate of Pope Innocent IX (November–December 1591), men and women over 14 years old had
Women's_suffrage
Bridge in Venice, Italy
designed by Antonio da Ponte. Construction began in 1588 and was completed in 1591. It is similar to the wooden bridge it succeeded. Two ramps lead up to a
Rialto_Bridge
1979–1989 armed conflict in South Asia
1224–1266 Ilkhanate 1256–1335 Kartids 1245–1381 Timurids 1370–1507 Arghuns 1520–1591 Modern Mughals 1501–1738 Safavids 1510–1709 Kunduz Khanate ?–1859 Hotak
Soviet–Afghan_War
Empire in West Africa from c. 1464 to 1591
dynasty (c. 1464–1493), but it was later replaced by the Askia dynasty (1493–1591). During the second half of the 13th century, Gao and the surrounding region
Songhai_Empire
Naval battle during the Eighty Years' War
Cape of Palos, was a naval Spanish victory that took place in late August, 1591, off Almería, near the Cape Palos, during the Eighty Years' War and the Anglo-Spanish
Battle of the Gulf of Almería (1591)
Battle_of_the_Gulf_of_Almería_(1591)
King of West Breifne
c. 1540 – November 1591) was first king and then lord of West Bréifne in the west of Ireland from 1566 until his execution in 1591. He reigned during
Brian_O'Rourke
Family name
Mirosław Żak (1936–2025), Polish geodesist and academic Szymon Żak (1507–1591), Polish Calvinist pastor Zygmunt Solorz-Żak (born 1956), Polish businessman
Żak
Catholic appointments from 1590 to 1591
Pope Gregory XIV (r. 1590–1591) created five new cardinals in two consistories: Paolo Emilio Sfondrati, nephew of the Pope – cardinal-priest of S. Cecilia
Cardinals created by Gregory XIV
Cardinals_created_by_Gregory_XIV
1591
1591
1591
1591
1591
1591
1591
1591
1591