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An alternative mating strategy is a strategy used by male or female animals, often with distinct phenotypes, that differs from the prevailing mating strategy
Alternative_mating_strategy
Animal group consisting of one or two males, a number of females and their offspring
lower-cost alternative mating strategy, useful to bachelors without a harem, is what zoologists call "sneaking". In this strategy, a male sneaks in to mate while
Harem_(zoology)
Gelatinous secretion used in the mating of some species
fertilization. The mating plug plays an important role in sperm competition and may serve as an alternative and more advantageous strategy to active mate guarding
Mating_plug
Family of birds of the order Passeriformes
Male Lesser Bird of Paradise Paradisaea minor: Evidence for an Alternative Mating Strategy?". Emu - Austral Ornithology. 92 (2): 108–111. doi:10.1071/MU9920108
Bird-of-paradise
Genus of damselflies
aggressive chasing by other males (see § Alternative mating strategies below) Male displacement from tandem and mating begins again; or, the tandem male and
Hetaerina
Mating habits of the class Gastropoda
numerous very different mating strategies are used within different taxa. This article currently focuses primarily on the mating habits of air-breathing
Mating_of_gastropods
Behavioral theory
Psychology portal Society portal Alternative mating strategy Fisherian runaway Handicap principle Human mating strategies Online dating service Parental
Costly signaling theory in evolutionary psychology
Costly_signaling_theory_in_evolutionary_psychology
Embryonic development of sex differences
PMID 29806019. Partridge, Charlyn (2017), "Sneak Copulation as an Alternative Mating Strategy", in Shackelford, Todd K.; Weekes-Shackelford, Viviana A. (eds
Sexual_differentiation
System of sexual reproduction in a population
by modification of sexual function). Mixed mating systems, in which plants use two or even all three mating systems, are not uncommon. A number of models
Mating_system
Theory of human evolution
Sexual strategies theory (SST) is an evolutionary theory of human mating created by David Buss and David Schmitt in 1993. It defines the set of mating strategies
Sexual_strategies_theory
Species of spider
some male Metellina segmentata have alternative mating strategies. In these cases, alternative mating strategies only work when the reproductive benefits
Metellina_segmentata
Species of crustacean
preference variation has implications for the maintenance of an alternative mating strategy in a swordtail fish". Animal Behaviour. 74 (3): 633–640. doi:10
Paracerceis_sculpta
Females mating while infertile
exchange for mating outside the conceptive period. For example, female blackbirds that solicit mating outside the fertile period have increased mate guarding
Extended_female_sexuality
Behaviours used to retain a mate
may meet alternative mates. This is said to support the female dual mating strategy theory, as during oestrus women may be seeking out mates with strong
Mate_guarding_in_humans
Species of bird
including a rare form that mimics the female, use a variety of strategies to obtain mating opportunities at a lek, and the colourful head and neck feathers
Ruff_(bird)
Species of great ape
with males from neighboring communities. These alternative mating strategies give females more mating opportunities without losing the support of the
Chimpanzee
Combination of genetic material between compatible mating types
give rise to the next generation. Mating in fungi is a complex process governed by mating types. Research on fungal mating has focused on several model species
Mating_in_fungi
Aesthetic assessment of physical traits
(September 2003). "Proper and dark heroes as DADS and CADS: Alternative mating strategies in British Romantic literature". Human Nature. 14 (3): 305–17
Physical_attractiveness
Species of hooved mammal
doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1998.tb00112.x. Thirgood, S. J. (1991). Alternative Mating Strategies and Reproductive Success in Fallow Deer. Behaviour, 116(1/2)
European_fallow_deer
Species of fish
Perciformes, Tripterygiidae): the adaptive significance of an alternative mating strategy and a red instead of a yellow nuptial colour". Marine Biology
Black-faced_blenny
Class of mating system in non-human species
polygynandry. Lek mating is frequently regarded as a form of polygyny, because one male mates with many females, but lek-based mating systems differ in
Polygyny_in_animals
Type of animal mating behaviour
copulating with females. The variation in mating success is quite large in lek mating systems with 70–80% of matings being attributed to only 10–20% of the
Lek_mating
Sexual behavior of non-human animals
is reproductively motivated, it is often termed mating or copulation; for most non-human mammals, mating and copulation occur at oestrus (the most fertile
Animal_sexual_behaviour
Chess patterns
the checkmate is delivered by a knight, the mating pattern is called Stamma's mate. Damiano's bishop mate is a classic method of checkmating. The checkmate
Checkmate_pattern
Solution concept in game theory
environment, that is to say it cannot be displaced by an alternative strategy (or set of strategies) which may be novel or initially rare. Introduced by John
Evolutionarily stable strategy
Evolutionarily_stable_strategy
Enticing a person to sexual behaviour
in modern society. Human mate poaching is a form of seduction, and can be used as a short-term and long-term mating strategy among both sexes. Moreover
Seduction
Biological process
PMC 5031617. PMID 27619696. T.M. Sonneborn (1938). "Mating Types in Paramecium Aurelia: Diverse Conditions for Mating in Different Stocks; Occurrence, Number and
Reproduction
Study of human behavior and cultural diversity
selection, the theory that competition for mates between individuals of the same sex results in differential mating and reproduction. Kin selection, the changes
Human_behavioral_ecology
Israeli professor of life sciences
global food security, 2024 Ra'Anan, Ziva; Sagi, Amir (1985). "Alternative Mating Strategies in Male Morphotypes of the Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii
Amir_Sagi
Mechanism for evolution
for mating opportunities with the sex that invests more. The differences in levels of parental investment create the condition that favours mating biases
Mate_choice
Non-monogamy in monogamous species
Extra-pair copulation (EPC) is a mating behaviour in socially monogamous species wherein one of the members of the pair breeds with an organism outside
Extra-pair_copulation
Cat-like, carnivorous mammal endemic to Madagascar
mating with multiple males over that time. Also, other females may take her place, mating with some of the same males as well as others. This mating strategy
Fossa_(animal)
Political party in Germany
Alternative for Germany (German: Alternative für Deutschland, AfD [aːʔɛfˈdeː] ) is a far-right, right-wing populist, national conservative, and in parts
Alternative_for_Germany
can stem from partner availability, gender roles, and evolutionary mating strategies, and age preferences in sexual partners may vary cross-culturally
Age disparity in sexual relationships
Age_disparity_in_sexual_relationships
Strategy where one sex mimics the opposite sex
commonly used as a mating strategy to gain access to a mate, a defense mechanism to avoid more dominant individuals, or a survival strategy. It can also be
Sexual_mimicry
Canadian fisheries biologist (1958–2022)
2126–2146. Hutchings, J.A., and R.A. Myers. 1994. The evolution of alternative mating strategies in variable environments. Evolutionary Ecology 8: 256–268. Hutchings
Jeffrey_A._Hutchings
Species of bee
rather than for mating purposes. Male size has been found to correlate with mating success. Smaller males implement alternative mating tactics if they
Anthidium_manicatum
Natural history of mating systems in which species pair bond to raise offspring
females to tend to have different optimal mating strategies. This is because males may increase their fitness by mating with many females, whereas females are
Monogamy_in_animals
Strategy used by organisms
cryptic mate choice, males tend to display the reverse of mate choice copying to avoid mating with females that have been visually observed mating with higher-quality
Mate_choice_copying
Classes of possible reproductive strategies
after the mating season, like those in the wild. Their behaviour also changes drastically before and after the mating season. Before mating, males are
Semelparity_and_iteroparity
Competition between males to mate with a female
winning male suppresses mating behaviours of the losing males because the winning male tends to produce more frequent and enhanced mating calls in this period
Male_intrasexual_competition
Species of spider
jumping spiders not just before mating but also after. This aggression is observed in many spiders and is a function of mating-induced sexual inhibition. This
Maevia_intermedia
Communication to start a relationship with someone or to get sexual contact
to attract females for mating. Male banana fiddler crabs (Austruca mjoebergi) perform mating displays in the presence of a mate-searching female. The male
Courtship_display
Non-reproductive sexual behavior in non-human animals
produce semen), oral sex, genital stimulation, anal stimulation, interspecies mating, same-sex sexual interaction, and acts of affection, although it is doubted
Non-reproductive sexual behavior in animals
Non-reproductive_sexual_behavior_in_animals
Vocalizations produced by females for mating
purpose of attracting mates, are known as mating calls. In primates, copulation calling is typically observed at the end of mating and there are vast variations
Female copulatory vocalizations
Female_copulatory_vocalizations
Group of even-toed ruminants
subfamilies within Bovoidea is still a matter of debate, with several alternative systems proposed. Antelope are not a cladistic or taxonomically defined
Antelope
Species of tropical fish
(1993). "Environmental conditions and male morphology determine alternative mating behavior in Trinidadian guppies" (PDF). Animal Behaviour. 45 (1):
Guppy
Area a wild animal consistently defends
territory' in which all activities occur, e.g. courtship, mating, nesting and foraging Type B: A mating and nesting territory, not including most of the area
Territory_(animal)
Species of beetle
during mating, preventing him from falling off of the female prematurely, thereby prolonging the duration of mating and enhancing the overall mating process
Drugstore_beetle
to increase breeding opportunities by seeking out another mate. This form of mating strategy behavior is exhibited in insects, birds and mammals. Typically
Mate_desertion
Analytical framework to study life history strategies used by organisms
trade-off between mating effort and parenting effort is that in a species in which it is common to spend much effort on something other than mating, including
Life_history_theory
Application of game theory to evolving populations in biology
pursue a different mating strategy: The orange throat is very aggressive and operates over a large territory – attempting to mate with numerous females
Evolutionary_game_theory
Reproductive process
defensive tactics including: mate guarding, mating plugs, and releasing toxic seminal substances to reduce female re-mating tendencies to cope with sperm
Sperm_competition
Concrete sequence of chess moves leading to an advantage
often, the immediate benefit takes the form of a material advantage or mating attack; however, some tactics are used for defensive purposes and can salvage
Chess_tactic
Ecological theory concerning the selection of life history traits
the concept of the evolution of life history strategies has a longer history (see e.g. plant strategies). The theory was popular in the 1970s and 1980s
R/K_selection_theory
Species of moth
male courtship behaviors peak just prior to peak mating—these behaviors are useful in successful mating. The Mediterranean flour moth is a protogynous species
Mediterranean_flour_moth
Male sex organ in squamate reptiles
contractions was to shorten mating time, researchers anesthetized the female to prevent the contractions and found that mating did indeed last longer. Often
Hemipenis
Hypothesis of female mating behavior
evolutionarily adaptive changes in subconscious thoughts and behaviors related to mating during different parts of the ovulatory cycle. It suggests that what women
Ovulatory_shift_hypothesis
Insect pest management technique
whereas mating disruption confuses male insects from accurately locating a mating partner, leading to the eventual collapse of the mating cycle[3]. Mating disruption
Mating_disruption
Parental expenditure that benefits offspring
higher long-term mating orientations, and men are more likely to have higher short-term mating orientations. Short- and long-term mating orientations influence
Parental_investment
Family of carnivoran mammals
p. 132 Bellemain, Eva; Swenson, Jon E.; Taberlet, Pierre (2006). "Mating Strategies in Relation to Sexually Selected Infanticide in a Non-Social Carnivore:
Bear
Offensive personality types
Harbeson, Carmelita L. (October 2011). "Mate-selection and the Dark Triad: Facilitating a short-term mating strategy and creating a volatile environment"
Dark_triad
American evolutionary biologist (1940–2024)
Genotypes" as Mates Is Promoted by an Insect Mating System Kingsolver, J.G., & W.B. Watt. 1983. Thermoregulatory strategies in Colias butterflies: Thermal stress
Ward_Watt
Order of mammals
while a minority of species have it induced by mating. Males of some rodent species leave behind a mating plug, which blocks both sperm leakage and other
Rodent
Species of burrowing bee from Australia
already mated females. Upon mating, the female A. dawsoni will begin a chemical shift to indicate that she is no longer receptive to mating attempts
Amegilla_dawsoni
Study of the evolutionary basis for animal behavior due to ecological pressures
1979.tb00669.x. Dominey, Wallace (1984). "Alternative Mating Tactics and Evolutionarily Stable Strategies". American Zoology. 24 (2): 385–396. doi:10
Behavioral_ecology
Behavior in animals of taking care of offspring
care. Sexual conflict is known to occur over mating, and further familial conflicts may continue after mating when there is parental care of the eggs or
Parental_care
Sex change as part of the normal life cycle of a species
often have polygynous mating systems. In these systems, large males use aggressive territorial defense to dominate female mating. This causes small males
Sequential_hermaphroditism
Secondary sex characteristic in some fish
difference in behavioural mating strategies. Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) express one of two fixed alternative reproductive tactics. Individuals
Kype
Genus of rodents
offspring. Mating in banner-tailed kangaroo rats involves more chasing and foot drumming in the male before the female allows him to mate. Banner-tailed
Kangaroo_rat
Species of butterfly
many nutrients to their next mate, but will spend a longer duration of time for each mating. This increases the mating costs for females because they
Green-veined_white
Species of spider
location for courtship. The mating interactions of E. culicivora are species-specific. Their mating interactions follow mutual mate choice in which both males
Evarcha_culicivora
Sex-specific adaptations
of an individual, and the mating system within which it operates. In protogynous mating systems where males dominate mating with many females, size plays
Sexual_dimorphism
Biological theorem
PMID 6015423. Yasui, Yukio (2001-12-01). "Female multiple mating as a genetic bet-hedging strategy when mate choice criteria are unreliable". Ecological Research
Bet_hedging_(biology)
Order of insects including praying mantises
The mating season in temperate climates typically takes place in autumn, while in tropical areas, mating can occur at any time of the year. To mate following
Mantis
(Studio location) Original release date Duration 27 1 "Three Robots: Exit Strategies" Patrick Osborne John Scalzi & Alfredo Torres John Scalzi Blow Studio
List of Love, Death & Robots episodes
List_of_Love,_Death_&_Robots_episodes
1974 studio album by Eno
declared it "incredible," and noted that "the predominant feel is a strange mating of edgy dread with wild first-time-out exuberance." Robert Christgau of
Here_Come_the_Warm_Jets
Eggs and sperm released into water
hermaphrodites within a haremic mating system. Hermaphroditism allows for complex mating systems. Wrasses exhibit three different mating systems: polygynous, lek-like
Spawning
Quantitative ratio of sexually active population
recovering from mating. For example, if females cease mating activity to care for young, but males do not, then more males would be ready to mate, thus creating
Operational_sex_ratio
Species of beetle
access to the tunnels. Horned and hornless males exhibit different mating strategies. Males with horns use them as weapons in aggressive encounters with
Onthophagus_taurus
Group of large game birds
which females have a preference for a trait in a non-mating context that becomes transferred to mating, such as Merle Jacobs' food-courtship hypothesis,
Peafowl
Large bear native to Eurasia and North America
polygynandrous, remaining with the same mate for a couple of days to a couple of weeks and mating multiply during the mating season. Outside of this narrow time
Brown_bear
Hand game for two players or more
(Uta stansburiana) exhibits a rock paper scissors pattern in its mating strategies. Of its three throat color types of males, "orange beats blue, blue
Rock_paper_scissors
Species of wasp
foraging patterns when necessary. Mating behavior of V. pensylvanica has been observed to be very similar to mating behavior of V. germanica. Pairing
Vespula_pensylvanica
Order of arachnids
This is believed to entice the female into mating a second time. The female lays her eggs shortly after mating to several months later. Some species build
Opiliones
Species of insect
females. Males require female activity, specifically flight, in mating. Occasionally before mating, the couple will face each other and hover for a few minutes
Eastern_carpenter_bee
Manner in which humans engage sexually
behavioral ecology, human mating strategies are a set of behaviors used by individuals to attract, select, and retain mates. Mating strategies overlap with reproductive
Human_sexual_activity
cost of mate recognition, which requires psychological adaptations, and excessive discrimination in mate choice can lead to missing out of mating opportunities
Homosexual behavior in animals
Homosexual_behavior_in_animals
1966 film
Per shows her 16mm pornographic films, showing various animal species' mating rituals, and a man copulating a woman from the rear. The message, that man
Gift_(1966_film)
Class of crustaceans
although free-living, tend to be benthic rather than planktonic. During mating, the male copepod grips the female with his first pair of antennae, which
Copepod
Species of beetle
the challenge of mitigating their impact. Alternative strategies based on ethology, such as disrupting mating or host finding, are being explored as options
Hylamorpha
Species of amphibian
in Southwest Australia. Its common name is derived from the male frog's mating call, which sounds similar to a motorbike changing up through gears; it
Motorbike_frog
Famous 1858 chess game played at an opera house in Paris
with a queen sacrifice. 16... Nxb8 17. Rd8# 1–0 This mating pattern is sometimes called the "opera mate" in reference to this game. Other than the king, all
Opera_Game
Chess piece
the rook (from Persian: رخ, romanized: rokh/rukh, lit. 'chariot') was alternatively called the tower, marquess, rector, and comes (count or earl). The term
Rook_(chess)
Term used in biology
Evolution of Desire: Strategies of Human Mating (3rd ed.). New York: Basic Books. ISBN 978-0465097760. Miller, Geoffrey F. (2000). The Mating Mind: How Sexual
Social_selection
divergent reproductive roles of each sex, such as conflicts over optimal mating strategy, and (ii) the shared genome of both sexes, which generates positive
Intralocus_sexual_conflict
Warm-blooded animals with wings and feathers
M. (1997). "Variation in mating system among birds: ecological basis revealed by hierarchical comparative analysis of mate desertion". Proceedings of
Bird
Species of beetle
will use this horn to fight other males for territory and access to female mating partners. Upon contact, males will attempt to flip each other onto their
Japanese_rhinoceros_beetle
Canid species native to Australia
time other domestic dogs) outside the mating season (January to July) and did not breed with them. The mating season usually occurs in Australia between
Dingo
Alliance of groups against common enemies
workers and simultaneously winning them to revolutionary politics. The strategy was used by leaders after the initial revolutionary tide since 1917 began
United_front
ALTERNATIVE MATING-STRATEGY
ALTERNATIVE MATING-STRATEGY
Male
Italian
Italian form of Latin Martinus, MARTINO means "of/like Mars."
Male
French
 French form of Roman Latin Martinus, MARTIN means "of/like Mars." Compare with another form of Martin.
Surname or Lastname
Portuguese
Portuguese : patronymic from the personal name Martim, vernacular form of Latin Martinus (see Martin).English and Dutch : patronymic from the personal name Martin.
Male
Italian
Italian form of Roman Latin Marinus, MARINO means "of the sea."
Female
French
French feminine form of Latin Martinus, MARTINE means "of/like Mars."Â
Female
French
Feminine form of French Marin, MARINE means "of the sea."
Female
English
Feminine form of Latin Martinus, MARTINA means "of/like Mars."Â
Female
Swedish
Short form of Swedish Katarina, KATINA means "pure."
Female
English
Feminine form of Roman Latin Marinus, MARINA means "of the sea."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : perhaps be a nickname from Middle English daring ‘trembling’, ‘crouching or transfixed with fear’.
Girl/Female
American, Australian, Danish, Dutch, French, German, Latin, Netherlands, Swiss
Dedicated to Mars; Roman God of War; Servant of Mars; Female Version of Martin; Of Mars; Warlike
Girl/Female
Latin
Sea gull.
Male
English
 English form of Roman Latin Martinus, MARTIN means "of/like Mars." Compare with another form of Martin.
Female
Hawaiian
 Hawaiian name MALINA means "calming; soothing." Compare with other forms of Malina.
Female
Portuguese
Contracted form Portuguese Catarina, CATINA means "pure."
Female
Polish
 Polish name MALINA means "raspberry." Compare with other forms of Malina.
Female
Hawaiian
Hawaiian name MAHINA means "moon; moonlight."
Girl/Female
Latin
Of the sea.
Female
English
 Feminine form of English Malcolm, MALINA means "devotee of St. Columba." Compare with other forms of Malina.
Girl/Female
Latin
Of Mars (the Roman god of war); warlike.
ALTERNATIVE MATING-STRATEGY
ALTERNATIVE MATING-STRATEGY
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim, Parsi
Clever
Boy/Male
Australian, German
From the Well-farm
Boy/Male
Hindu
Lord Shiva
Boy/Male
German
From the Old German Filibert, meaning very bright.
Boy/Male
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Punjabi, Sikh, Telugu
Name of the Guru
Girl/Female
Biblical
A native of Achaia, sorrowing, sad.
Boy/Male
Indian
Purifies, Pure
Boy/Male
Hindu
One possessing fame, Lord of fame
Girl/Female
Indian
Luminous, Brilliant
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Ambition; Goal; Wish; Desire
ALTERNATIVE MATING-STRATEGY
ALTERNATIVE MATING-STRATEGY
ALTERNATIVE MATING-STRATEGY
ALTERNATIVE MATING-STRATEGY
ALTERNATIVE MATING-STRATEGY
a.
Of or pertaining to the morning, or to matins; used in the morning; matutinal.
n.
The reciprocal succession of things in time or place; the act of following and being followed by turns; alternate succession, performance, or occurrence; as, the alternation of day and night, cold and heat, summer and winter, hope and fear.
n.
An alterative.
v. i.
To happen, succeed, or act by turns; to follow reciprocally in place or time; -- followed by with; as, the flood and ebb tides alternate with each other.
n.
The process of making, or of becoming malt.
a.
Alternate; reciprocal.
n.
Either of two things or propositions offered to one's choice. Thus when two things offer a choice of one only, the two things are called alternatives.
n.
The act of one who makes; workmanship; fabrication; construction; as, this is cloth of your own making; the making of peace or war was in his power.
a.
Disjunctive; as, an alternative conjunction.
a.
Eating, or subsisting on, plants; as, a plant-eating beetle.
n.
That which establishes or places in a desirable state or condition; the material of which something may be made; as, early misfortune was the making of him.
n.
An argument which presents an antagonist with two or more alternatives, but is equally conclusive against him, whichever alternative he chooses.
n.
Alternate succession; alternation; a mingling.
a.
Having alternate ridges and depressions; wrinkled.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Alternate
a.
Designating the members in a series, which regularly intervene between the members of another series, as the odd or even numbers of the numerals; every other; every second; as, the alternate members 1, 3, 5, 7, etc. ; read every alternate line.
a.
Acting by turns; alternate.
n.
Cotton in sheets, prepared for use in making quilts, etc.; as, cotton batting.
n.
Something fit to be eaten; food; as, a peach is good eating.
adv.
In the manner of alternatives, or that admits the choice of one out of two things.