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Human-made underwater structure that functions as a reef
An artificial reef (AR) is a human-created freshwater or marine benthic structure. Typically built in areas with a generally featureless bottom to promote
Artificial_reef
Project to provide artificial marine habitats
The Louisiana Artificial Reef Program (ARP) was established in 1986 to create habitats for providing food, and shelter for marine life that includes coastal
Louisiana_artificial_reefs
Underwater structures to increase sustainable fishing activities
Artificial reefs are used to increase sustainable fishing activities on the coastline of Japan, which depends heavily on the sea for food. Since the Middle
Artificial_reefs_in_Japan
Submerged ridge of rock, coral or other material
reefs such as the coral reefs of tropical waters are formed by biotic (living) processes, dominated by corals and coralline algae. Artificial reefs,
Reef
Artificial reef off Fort Lauderdale, Florida, US
Osborne Reef is an artificial reef off the coast of Fort Lauderdale, Florida at 26°06′27″N 80°03′54″W / 26.10748°N 80.06493°W / 26.10748; -80.06493
Osborne_Reef
Collection of sunken wrecks
36.121178; -5.355542 The Gibraltar Artificial Reef, or simply the Gibraltar Reef, is the ongoing artificial reef project for the Mediterranean waters
Gibraltar_Artificial_Reef
Artificial reef off the English coast
Boscombe Surf Reef was an artificial reef built to enhance surfing conditions at Boscombe in Dorset, England. The project cost £3.2 million and is considered
Boscombe_Surf_Reef
led to states wanting to create artificial reefs needed to create an artificial reefs program. U.S. state artificial reef programs Alabama: The Alabama
List of U.S. state artificial reefs program
List_of_U.S._state_artificial_reefs_program
1951 American ocean liner
plans to sink her by 2026 near Destin to become the world's largest artificial reef. SS United States was designed by William Gibbs. When Gibbs was eight
SS_United_States
Artificial reef located in the Atlantic Ocean
Redbird Reef is an artificial reef located in the Atlantic Ocean, off the coast of Slaughter Beach, Delaware, 16 miles (25.7 km) east of the Indian River
Redbird_Reef
Permanent obstruction on the seabed which causes waves to break
also examples of human-made reefs specifically designed and made for surfing. Some artificial harbours also create new reef break waves. Examples include
Surf_break
Man-made reef off the coast of Florida
The Neptune Memorial Reef is an underwater columbarium in what was conceived by the creator as the world's largest artificial reef, covering over 600,000
Neptune_Memorial_Reef
Coral reef system in Queensland, Australia
The Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest coral reef system, composed of over 2,900 individual reefs and 900 islands stretching for over 2,300 kilometres
Great_Barrier_Reef
Destroyer of the Royal Canadian Navy
1998 before going through a protracted legal battle for use as an artificial reef. She was finally scuttled as such in April 2015 in Howe Sound, British
HMCS_Annapolis_(DDH_265)
Species of fish
previous year's fish move on to high-relief reefs with room for more individuals. Around artificial reefs such as oil platforms, smaller fish spend time
Northern_red_snapper
Suburb of Tauranga, New Zealand
Half Ironman triathlon. New Zealand's first artificial reef was installed at the Mount. Construction of the reef was hampered by lack of funds and ironically
Mount_Maunganui
Island constructed by people
existing islets, constructing on existing reefs, or amalgamating several islets together. Although constructing artificial islands is not a modern phenomenon
Artificial_island
Municipality in Famagusta District, Cyprus
scuttled to form artificial reef". Cyprus Mail. 28 February 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2018. "Vessel Scuttled in Ayia Napa to Form Artificial Reef". goldnews
Ayia_Napa
Flooded cave in Norway
Rock Artificial reefs Edithburgh jetty Gibraltar Artificial Reef Merkanti Reef Port Hughes jetty Port Noarlunga jetty Rapid Bay jetty Shark River Reef South
Pluragrotta
Essex-class aircraft carrier of the US Navy
was being done. In 2004, the Navy decided to sink her to create an artificial reef off the coast of Florida in the Gulf of Mexico. After much environmental
USS_Oriskany
Human-created underwater structure
An electric reef (also electrified reef) is an artificial reef made from biorock, limestone that forms rapidly in seawater on a metal structure from dissolved
Electrified_reef
Canadian non-profit to create artificial reefs for habitat enhancement and recreation
The Artificial Reef Society of British Columbia (ARSBC) is a registered non-profit society based in Vancouver, British Columbia (BC), and has been a registered
Artificial Reef Society of British Columbia
Artificial_Reef_Society_of_British_Columbia
Non-profit organization to promote artificial reef building
environmental non-governmental organization. The foundation uses reef ball artificial reef technology, combined with coral propagation, transplant technology
Reef_Ball_Foundation
Artificial reefs from old oil rigs
Rigs-to-Reefs (RTR) is the practice of converting decommissioned offshore oil and petroleum rigs into artificial reefs. Such biotic reefs have been created
Rigs-to-Reefs
Sport of riding waves
waves. An artificial reef known as Chevron Reef was constructed in El Segundo, California in hopes of creating a new surfing area. However, the reef failed
Surfing
Outcrop of rock in the sea formed by the growth and deposit of stony coral skeletons
A coral reef is an underwater ecosystem characterized by reef-building corals. Reefs are formed of colonies of coral polyps held together by calcium carbonate
Coral_reef
artificial reef (her main tripod mast is on display at Mexican Pacific Fleet headquarters) & other ship was slated to also be sunk as an artificial reef)
List of ships of the Mexican Navy
List_of_ships_of_the_Mexican_Navy
Portuguese class of corvettes
sunk as an artificial reef on 30 October 2012. NRP Afonso Cerqueira was decommissioned on 13 February 2015 and later sunk as an artificial reef off Madeira
Baptista de Andrade-class corvette
Baptista_de_Andrade-class_corvette
Destroyer of the Royal Canadian Navy
and given to the Artificial Reef Society of Nova Scotia (ARSNS) in 1998. ARSNS had never considered sinking Fraser as an artificial reef diving attraction
HMCS_Fraser_(DDH_233)
Ships that were lost or scuttled along the coast
from Cape Town in the South Atlantic. Artificial reef – Human-made underwater structure that functions as a reef Cape Town – Legislative capital of South
Shipwrecks_of_Cape_Town
Mackenzie-class destroyer of the Royal Canadian Navy
until 1993, mainly as a training ship. She was sold for use as an artificial reef in 1995 and sunk as such the same year off the coast of British Columbia
HMCS_Mackenzie_(DDE_261)
Chevron Reef, also known as Pratte's Reef, was an artificial reef constructed in 2000 in Santa Monica Bay, offshore from Dockweiler State Beach. It was
Chevron_Reef
1940s class of aircraft carrier of the United States Navy
reactivating in the 1980s and which was eventually scuttled as an artificial reef off the Florida coast in 2006.[citation needed] Of the unmodernized
Essex-class_aircraft_carrier
Artificial reef near Esperance, Western Australia
Cooper Reef, also called the Esperance Nearshore Artificial Reef, is a purpose-built artificial reef in Esperance, Western Australia. Completed in 2019
Cooper_Reef
of a groyne and instead constructed an artificial reef to stabilise the foreshore at Narrow Neck. So far the reef has worked well as a coastal control point
Narrow_Neck,_Queensland
Island in Quintana Roo, Mexico
tip of the island. These reefs are part of the much larger Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System, which is the second largest reef in the world, stretching
Cozumel
Act of deliberately sinking a ship by allowing water to flow into the hull
restrict navigation through a channel or within a harbor; to provide an artificial reef for divers and marine life; or to alter the flow of rivers. The Skuldelev
Scuttling
Underwater structure intended to produce surfable waves from prevailing swell
A multi-purpose reef, also commonly known as an artificial surfing reef or surf reef, is a structure located offshore designed to induce wave breaking
Multi-purpose_reef
Merchant marine training vessel with the Texas Maritime Academy
the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD) Artificial Reef Program to be turned into an artificial reef. This transfer allowed the ship to not be scrapped
Texas_Clipper
Burial process
way to be buried: Become part of an artificial reef". The Washington Post. "MBARA – Mexico Beach Artificial Reef Association". www.mbara.org. Retrieved
Reef_burials
Physical remains of a beached or sunk ship
Intentional reasons for sinking a ship include: intending to form an artificial reef; destruction due to warfare, piracy, mutiny or sabotage; using the
Shipwreck
Beach in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar
bay. Camp Bay is home to what is claimed to be Europe's first artificial reef. The reef was created by activists who were concerned at the scarcity of
Camp_Bay,_Gibraltar
Mackenzie-class destroyer of the Royal Canadian Navy
west coast. She was decommissioned in 1993 and sold for use as an artificial reef and sunk as such at Sunken Harbor off San Diego, California in 2000
HMCS_Yukon_(DDE_263)
the Louisiana Artificial Reef Development Council (Artificial Reef Council). This laid the foundation for the Louisiana artificial reefs program (LARP)
Louisiana Fishing Enhancement Act
Louisiana_Fishing_Enhancement_Act
Admirable class minesweeper sunk as an artificial reef off Cozumel
was renamed ARM General Felipe Xicoténcatl (C53). She was sunk as an artificial reef and dive attraction off Cozumel in 1999, and was stricken from the
USS_Scuffle
Resort town in La Altagracia Province, Dominican Republic
June 2019. "Yellowtail Snapper - Ocyurus chrysurus - Snappers - - Tropical Reefs". reefguide.org. Retrieved 30 June 2019. "María Verón, aspira ser diputada
Punta_Cana
Italian ocean liner that sank in 1956
Rock Artificial reefs Edithburgh jetty Gibraltar Artificial Reef Merkanti Reef Port Hughes jetty Port Noarlunga jetty Rapid Bay jetty Shark River Reef South
SS_Andrea_Doria
Australian naval class (1961–68)
service. Two were sunk as part of tests, and a third was scuttled as an artificial reef, while the other three ships were scrapped. In August 1950, the Australian
River-class_destroyer_escort
Natural pit or sinkhole that exposes groundwater underneath
Rock Artificial reefs Edithburgh jetty Gibraltar Artificial Reef Merkanti Reef Port Hughes jetty Port Noarlunga jetty Rapid Bay jetty Shark River Reef South
Cenote
Marine cavern or sinkhole, open to the surface, in carbonate bedrock
in a bank or island composed of a carbonate bedrock (limestone or coral reef). Blue holes typically contain tidally influenced water of fresh, marine
Blue_hole
Floating breakwater off British Columbia, Canada
YOGN 82 arrived in 1961 and was scuttled to make an artificial reef in 2018 by the Artificial Reef Society of British Columbia. Peralta arrived in 1958
The_Hulks
Protected area in the middle of the Sulu Sea
The Tubbataha Natural Park, also known as the Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park (Filipino: Bahurang Tubbataha), is a protected area of the Philippines located
Tubbataha_Reef
Sinkhole and dive site in South Africa
Rock Artificial reefs Edithburgh jetty Gibraltar Artificial Reef Merkanti Reef Port Hughes jetty Port Noarlunga jetty Rapid Bay jetty Shark River Reef South
Boesmansgat
Coral barrier reef along the Florida Keys
Florida Reef (also known as the Great Florida Reef, Florida reefs, Florida Reef Tract and Florida Keys Reef Tract) is the only living coral barrier reef in
Florida_Reef
Submarine sinkhole north of Dahab, Egypt
300 ft). The hole and the surrounding area have an abundance of coral and reef fish. The Blue Hole is popular for freediving because of the depth directly
Blue_Hole_(Red_Sea)
Canadian warship class (1965–1992)
refit in 1985. The ship was paid off on 3 August 1993 and sunk as an artificial reef off Rum Island, near Sidney, British Columbia. Saskatchewan was initially
Mackenzie-class_destroyer
Ferry system in Delaware and New Jersey
Delaware's artificial reef system," delaware.gov, June 15, 2018. Retrieved July 30, 2018 "Luxurious Twin Capes ferry sunk for artificial reef". Press of
Cape_May–Lewes_Ferry
marinetraffic.com. Retrieved 9 April 2024. "Retired tugboat becomes new artificial reef in Bay County". mypanhandle.com. Retrieved 11 April 2024. "CMA CGM
List_of_shipwrecks_in_2025
Series of coral reefs straddling the coast of Belize
The Belize Barrier Reef is a series of coral reefs straddling the coast of Belize, roughly 300 metres (980 ft) offshore in the north and 40 kilometres
Belize_Barrier_Reef
Group of fishing villages in Karangasem Regency on the north coast of Bali
get caught in the reefs, and there was a growing demand for building materials. So over several years the locals destroyed the reefs in front of Amed village
Amed_(Bali)
US Navy transport ship sunk as artificial reef at Key West
struck from the Naval Vessel Register in 1993, she was to be sunk as an artificial reef originally intended for the spring of 2008, but instead was placed
USNS General Hoyt S. Vandenberg
USNS_General_Hoyt_S._Vandenberg
Liquefied natural gas company
suitable location, second is building an artificial reef to deploy, third is the relocation of the live coral reef to the location from phase one, then finally
QatarEnergy_LNG
Cargo ship carrying undocumented immigrants (1993)
Beach County for $60,000 and deliberately sunk August 22, 2000 as an artificial reef in 70 feet of water about one mile off the south coast of Florida near
Golden_Venture
Greenpeace vessel bombed by French intelligence operatives in Auckland harbour (1985)
Islands, New Zealand, on 12 December 1987, to serve as a dive wreck and artificial reef to promote marine life. The hull is now covered with a large colony
Rainbow_Warrior_(1955)
The Southern Ocean Surf Reef is an artificial surf reef located offshore of Middleton Beach, Western Australia in Albany, Western Australia. It was constructed
Southern_Ocean_Surf_Reef
Kind of artificial reef
Anti-trawling devices are a specific kind of artificial reef. Trawling is a controversial fishing practice which has attracted environmental, legal, and
Anti-trawling_device
Small-ship cruise line with its headquarters in Guilford, Connecticut, United States
Adventures. Retrieved May 31, 2026. "Video: Small Cruise Ship Sunk as Artificial Reef Off Delaware". The Maritime Executive. Archived from the original on
American_Cruise_Lines
Sinkhole used for scubadiving in New Mexico, United States
Rock Artificial reefs Edithburgh jetty Gibraltar Artificial Reef Merkanti Reef Port Hughes jetty Port Noarlunga jetty Rapid Bay jetty Shark River Reef South
Blue_Hole_(New_Mexico)
Island subdistrict in Surat Thani, Thailand
island is host to over 130 species of hard corals, and over 223 species of reef fishes belonging to 53 families. Diving conditions have improved dramatically
Ko_Tao
Isolated hill with steep, often vertical sides and a small, relatively flat top
Wall rock Aeolian Desert Dry lake Dune Sandhill Tundra Artificial Artificial island Artificial reef Bridge Building Canal Dam Ditch Land reclamation Levee
Butte
njscuba.net A. J. McAllister nj.gov Deepwater Reef njscuba.net Diver′s Abyss njscuba.net Moriches Artificial Reef "163 die as ferry capsizes". The Times. No
List_of_shipwrecks_in_2003
Places that divers go to enjoy the underwater environment
construction debris. Other artificial reefs are purpose-built (e.g. the reef balls) from PVC or concrete. Shipwrecks may become artificial reefs when preserved on
Recreational_dive_sites
Common name for a group of sea snails
ranch is based on an artificial reef made up of 5,000 separate concrete abalone habitat units, which can host 400 abalone each. The reef is seeded with young
Abalone
Ring-shaped coral reef
island subsides, the coral fringing reef becomes a barrier reef that is detached from the island. Eventually, the reef and the small coral islets on top
Atoll
Three small islands off Lombok, Indonesia
formations. Most famous diving spots are Shark point, Manta point and Simon's reef. The name "Gili Islands" is somewhat tautological, because Gili simply means
Gili_Islands
Method of burial
with concrete and dropping the concrete block to form an artificial reef such as the Atlantis Reef. Below is a list of religions that allow burial at sea
Burial_at_sea
Retired class of New York City Subway car
most R40s and R40As were stripped and sunk into the Atlantic Ocean as artificial reefs, but a pair of R40 slants and several straight-ended R40As have survived
R40 (New York City Subway car)
R40_(New_York_City_Subway_car)
Reef and atoll in the South China Sea
created a large artificial island on the atoll including an approximately 2,700-metre (8,900 ft) runway and associated airfield. Although the reef is well within
Mischief_Reef
Atoll in the Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk State within the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). A protective reef, 225 kilometres (140 mi) around, encloses a natural harbour 79 by 50 km (43 nmi
Chuuk_Lagoon
Underwater display of sculpture in Cancún, Mexico
412 artificial habitats (sculptures) in 10 different areas within the National Marine Park. So far only two have been developed, Manchones reef with
Cancún_Underwater_Museum
Bay of the Atlantic Ocean at South Africa
struck Whittle Rock and sank. Scuttled: MV Rockeater, scuttled as an artificial reef in Smitswinkel Bay on 15 December 1972 at 34°16.127′S 18°28.890′E
False_Bay
Class of Soviet anti-submarine frigates
Cuba - 3, 356 (No name) ex SKR-471 sunk as a reef, 353 (later 383) (Moncada) ex SKR-451 sunk as a reef and 350 (Mariel) ex SKR-28 status unknown. East
Koni-class_frigate
Diving incident in the Maldives
she was the scientific director of major research projects on the coral reefs of the Maldives. Her daughter Giorgia Sommacal often accompanied her during
2026 Dhekunu Kandu cave diving incident
2026_Dhekunu_Kandu_cave_diving_incident
Village in Florida, United States
exhibits about Diving With a Purpose and the USS Spiegel Grove, now an artificial reef. Another tourist attraction is Robbie's Marina, which is known for
Islamorada,_Florida
Coastal suburb of Adelaide, South Australia
Horseshoe and Port Noarlunga Reefs and can only be carried out from the jetty and the beach at Port Noarlunga. Three artificial reefs lie in close proximity
Port Noarlunga, South Australia
Port_Noarlunga,_South_Australia
Bay on the island of Cuba
also mean the queen triggerfish (Balistes vetula), which inhabit coral reefs in Bahía de Cochinos, in addition to the literal meaning, pigs (Sus scrofa)
Bay_of_Pigs
Artificial reef off New Jersey
73°24′39″W / 40.07330°N 73.41080°W / 40.07330; -73.41080 Shark River Reef is an artificial reef located in the Atlantic Ocean, 15.6 miles southeast of Manasquan
Shark_River_Reef
Colombian island in the Caribbean
encompasses a total area of 57 km2 (22 sq mi), including the outer cays, reefs, atolls and sand banks, with the area of the islands being 45 km2 (17 sq mi)
San_Andrés_(island)
Class of frigate in the Royal Navy
number of crew.[citation needed] Scylla was sunk on 27 March 2004 as an artificial reef off Cornwall, eleven years after her decommissioning in 1993. Leander-class
Leander-class_frigate
Species of fish
coral reefs, are known to be in decline due to climate change. The species has been found to do well in restored coral reefs and artificial reef structures
Moorish_idol
Protected area in Louisiana, United States
measures. The WMA extends into the Gulf of Mexico as part of the "Artificial Reef Program" created by La. R.S. 56:639.1 et seq., and participants are
Pass a Loutre Wildlife Management Area
Pass_a_Loutre_Wildlife_Management_Area
Olympic-class ocean liner
Rock Artificial reefs Edithburgh jetty Gibraltar Artificial Reef Merkanti Reef Port Hughes jetty Port Noarlunga jetty Rapid Bay jetty Shark River Reef South
HMHS_Britannic
Farming of aquatic organisms
available food. Abalone have been farmed on an artificial reef consuming seaweed which grows naturally on the reef units. Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture
Aquaculture
Canadian warship class (1964–1998)
extensively for anti-submarine warfare purposes. Both ships were sunk as artificial reefs after being retired, one on each coast of Canada. The Royal Canadian
Annapolis-class_destroyer
Marine sinkhole off the coast of Belize
sinkhole off the coast of Belize. It lies near the center of Lighthouse Reef, a small atoll 70 km (43 mi) from the mainland and Belize City. The hole
Great_Blue_Hole
Special forces unit of the British Army
Immersion Equipment Special interest groups Artificial Reef Society of British Columbia CMAS Europe Coral Reef Alliance Divers Alert Network Green Fins Finger
Special_Air_Service
Coral reef in the Philippines
Apo Reef is a coral reef system in the Philippines situated in the western waters of Occidental Mindoro province in the Mindoro Strait. Encompassing 34 km2
Apo_Reef
King George V-class battleship of the Royal Navy
Rock Artificial reefs Edithburgh jetty Gibraltar Artificial Reef Merkanti Reef Port Hughes jetty Port Noarlunga jetty Rapid Bay jetty Shark River Reef South
HMS_Prince_of_Wales_(53)
Freshwater spring and recreational dive site in Florida
Rock Artificial reefs Edithburgh jetty Gibraltar Artificial Reef Merkanti Reef Port Hughes jetty Port Noarlunga jetty Rapid Bay jetty Shark River Reef South
Vortex_Spring
Collection of underwater contemporary art off Grenada in the Caribbean
branded coral shrimp and fire worms. Artificial reef constructions like Taylor's and those from the US company Reef Ball are designed and constructed using
Molinere Underwater Sculpture Park
Molinere_Underwater_Sculpture_Park
ARTIFICIAL REEF
ARTIFICIAL REEF
Boy/Male
American, British, English
The Medieval Castle
Boy/Male
English
Surname. The medieval castle or landholding reeve oversaw all feudal obligations.
Girl/Female
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Telugu
Image; Creature; Artificial
Surname or Lastname
English (of Norman origin)
English (of Norman origin) : nickname from Old French pied de fer ‘iron foot’, given perhaps to someone with an artificial foot or leg, or to a tireless walker or messenger.
ARTIFICIAL REEF
ARTIFICIAL REEF
Girl/Female
African, Arabic, Australian
Beginning
Boy/Male
Hebrew, Hindu, Indian
Brillance; Brightness; A Glow; Splendor
Boy/Male
British, English
A Small Bird
Boy/Male
Indian, Sikh
Who Control Love
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
A Musical Instrument
Boy/Male
Irish
Robin.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Pleasant
Girl/Female
American, Assamese, Bengali, Hebrew, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu
Beautiful
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Telugu
Goddess Laxmi
Boy/Male
Australian, Christian, Gaelic, Irish
Rock; Comely; Little Rock; Handsome
ARTIFICIAL REEF
ARTIFICIAL REEF
ARTIFICIAL REEF
ARTIFICIAL REEF
ARTIFICIAL REEF
n.
The artificial cultivation of oysters.
adv.
Ingeniously; skillfully.
a.
Feigned; fictitious; assumed; affected; not genuine.
a.
Made or contrived by art; produced or modified by human skill and labor, in opposition to natural; as, artificial heat or light, gems, salts, minerals, fountains, flowers.
n.
The quality of being artificial.
v. t.
To render artificial.
a.
Not artificial; plain; simple.
n.
An artificial oyster bed.
a.
Not fabricated; unwrought; not artificial; natural.
a.
Artificial. Cf. Synthesis, 2.
a.
Artful; cunning; crafty.
a.
Not artificial; not made or elaborated by art; natural; simple; artless; as, an inartificial argument; an inartificial character.
n.
The quality or appearance of being artificial; that which is artificial.
adv.
In an artificial manner; by art, or skill and contrivance, not by nature.
a.
Artificial.
a.
Cultivated; not indigenous; not of spontaneous growth; as, artificial grasses.
n.
An artificial bed of oysters.
n.
Artificial grotto-work.
adv.
Craftily; artfully.
a.
Artificial; imitative.