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Problematic interdependence of software modules
In software engineering, a circular dependency (or cyclic dependency) is a relation between two or more modules which either directly or indirectly depend
Circular_dependency
Colloquial term for software requiring many conflicting dependencies
Dependency hell is a colloquial term for the frustration of some software users who have installed software packages which have dependencies on specific
Dependency_hell
Directed graph representing dependencies
because they are number literals. In a dependency graph, cycles of dependencies (also called circular dependencies) lead to a situation in which no valid
Dependency_graph
Programming technique of receiving dependencies
together, but must not be the client, as this would create a circular dependency. Because dependency injection separates how objects are constructed from how
Dependency_injection
System to identify resources on a network
requires resolving example.org first, which presents a circular dependency. To break the dependency, the name server for the top level domain org includes
Domain_Name_System
common dependencies there. Package principles Circular dependency "Granularity: The Acyclic Dependencies Principle (ADP)" (PDF). Object Mentor. Archived
Acyclic dependencies principle
Acyclic_dependencies_principle
Directed graph with no directed cycles
circular dependency, and is generally not allowed, because there would be no way to consistently schedule the tasks involved in the cycle. Dependency
Directed_acyclic_graph
Circle–ellipse problem – Problem in object-oriented programming Circular dependency – Problematic interdependence of software modules Constant interface
List of software anti-patterns
List_of_software_anti-patterns
Computer program for working with tabular data
Recalculation generally requires that there are no circular dependencies in a spreadsheet. A dependency graph is a graph that has a vertex for each object
Spreadsheet
Macro guard in C/C++ to block multiple inclusions
directive (see above) PHP's include_once #pragma once C preprocessor Circular dependency One Definition Rule PL/I preprocessor C++ standard (ISO/IEC 14882)
Include_guard
Production model to minimise wastage and emissions
Ireland Executive held a Circular Economy consultation. The bio-economy, especially the circular bio-economy, decreases dependency on natural resources by
Circular_economy
Term in computer programming
decomposition could reduce its size, implementation complexity, or both. Circular dependency. Cyclically dependent modularization when two or more abstractions
Design_smell
Top-level DNS zone
first find an authoritative server for the net zone. To avoid this circular dependency, the address of at least one root server must be known for bootstrapping
DNS_root_zone
Component of Microsoft Windows operating systems
auto-start, paying attention to the calculated load-order dependencies. In case of a circular dependency an error is noted and the service depending on a service
Service_Control_Manager
Two functions defined from each other
task. Cycle detection (graph theory) Recursion (computer science) Circular dependency Manuel Rubio-Sánchez, Jaime Urquiza-Fuentes, Cristóbal Pareja-Flores
Mutual_recursion
General-purpose programming language
any instance would require a program. To avoid that irresolvable circular dependency, C# compilers processing console applications (like that above) report
C Sharp (programming language)
C_Sharp_(programming_language)
Name server for the DNS root zone
addresses; in other words, root.hints is necessary in order to break the circular dependency of needing to know the addresses of a root name server to lookup
Root_name_server
Age-population ratio of those in the labor force to those not in the labor force
Dependency ratios are ratios of the numbers of dependents (youths aged 0–14 and/or elderly aged 65+) to the number of working-age adults (15–64). They
Dependency_ratio
Linux distribution
earlier stages (which requires resolving and then breaking numerous circular dependencies). Tarballs for stage1 and stage2 were distributed for some time
Gentoo_Linux
Sequence in computer science
points two, three and four can lead to believe they would form a circular dependency, but this is not the case. Lower level PEs might require the total
Prefix_sum
Modular translation unit in C++
also all its dependencies, and the dependencies of those dependencies, et cetera. Like headers, modules do not permit circular dependencies, and will not
Modules_(C++)
Data flow control switching method
while wormhole flow control does this on the flit level. In case of circular dependency, this back-pressure can lead to deadlock. In most respects, wormhole
Wormhole_switching
Package management system
example RPM Fusion for Fedora Linux). Circular dependencies among mutually dependent RPMs (so-called "dependency hell") can be problematic; in such cases
RPM_Package_Manager
initiator of the action is affected by it. Cis-actions occur wherever circular dependencies are present. Most notably in: biology, where it refers to life itself
Cis-action
the administrative process has been characterized as a form of 'circular dependency.' For example, the finance ministry will issue a license only if
Economy_of_Djibouti
Mathematical concept
non-simultaneous tasks which is to be first, without introducing any circular dependencies – and then ordering the resulting directed acyclic graph. In particular
Disjunctive_graph
Mathematical methods used in Bayesian inference and machine learning
included in Z j {\displaystyle \mathbf {Z} _{j}} ). This creates circular dependencies between the parameters of the distributions over variables in one
Variational_Bayesian_methods
time. Unlike the class extension mechanism, a partial class allows circular dependencies among its parts as they are guaranteed to be resolved at compile
Comparison of C Sharp and Java
Comparison_of_C_Sharp_and_Java
Measure of linear correlation
increases while X decreases. A value of 0 implies that there is no linear dependency between the variables. More generally, (Xi − X)(Yi − Y) is positive if
Pearson correlation coefficient
Pearson_correlation_coefficient
Concept of fault-tolerance
they can be composed of layers if the layers do not exhibit any circular dependencies. The stabilization time of the composition is then bounded by the
Self-stabilization
Type of computer benchmarking tool
advantage of chip-multiprocessors. PARSEC was created to break this circular dependency. It was designed to fulfill the following five objectives: Focuses
Princeton Application Repository for Shared-Memory Computers
Princeton_Application_Repository_for_Shared-Memory_Computers
Ross Dependency stamps have been issued by New Zealand postal authorities for use on mail from Scott Base since 1957. Overprinted New Zealand stamps had
Postage stamps and postal history of the Ross Dependency
Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_Ross_Dependency
Circular disc used as a symbol
circular disc used as a symbol. The term is used in heraldry, but also for a type of national insignia used on military aircraft, generally circular and
Roundel
Computer hardware
data dependencies of other instructions scheduled in the buffer. The head of the buffer will be committed once its result is valid. Its dependencies will
Re-order_buffer
Australes et Antartiques Français (in French). 33: 16–17 – via taaf.fr. "Ross Dependency". Archived from the original on 13 April 2018. Retrieved 31 January 2021
List_of_Antarctic_flags
Island and dependency in Antigua and Barbuda
Barbuda (/bɑːrˈbjuːdə/; Barbudan Creole: Baabyuuda) is an island and dependency located in the eastern Caribbean forming part of the twin-island state
Barbuda
is destined at some future time to be queen of these realms and their dependencies, of which Australia is by no means the most inconspicuous." Pomboa Huber
List of organisms named after famous people (born 1800–1899)
List_of_organisms_named_after_famous_people_(born_1800–1899)
Norwegian island in Antarctica
kilometres (240 nmi) from continental Antarctica. It is claimed as a dependency of Norway and, along with Bouvet Island and Queen Maud Land, composes
Peter_I_Island
Island country in the Indian Ocean
island and under the Treaty of Paris, France ceded Mauritius and its dependencies to the United Kingdom. The British colony of Mauritius now included Rodrigues
Mauritius
Physical artifact that formerly defined the kilogram
is 90% platinum and 10% iridium (by mass) and is machined into a right-circular cylinder with perpendicular height equal to its diameter of about 39 millimetres
International Prototype of the Kilogram
International_Prototype_of_the_Kilogram
Historic site
building around the central yard. All its dependencies face this yard through a gallery of gothic semi-circular arches. In 1931, the Spanish Second Republic
Bellver_Castle
Plan to transform the EU into a climate-neutral economy by 2050
existing law on its climate merits, and also introduce new legislation on the circular economy (CE), building renovation, biodiversity, farming and innovation
European_Green_Deal
Theorem about Diophantine approximations
that planets in circular orbits moving uniformly around a star will, over time, assume all alignments, unless there is an exact dependency between their
Kronecker's_theorem
Societal goal and normative concept
and profit". The name of this approach is the triple bottom line. The circular economy is a related concept. Its goal is to decouple environmental pressure
Sustainability
Region of chromaticity diagram
estimations at the foveal vision. A recent work examined the eccentricity dependency of color discrimination using a virtual reality device. Unsurprisingly
MacAdam_ellipse
National coat of arms of the Bailiwick of Jersey
was formalized in 1907. The escutcheon is featured on the flag of the dependency. The Channel Islands were part of the Duchy of Normandy until 1204, when
Coat_of_arms_of_Jersey
Set of people living in a particular area or interbreeding
Planetary boundaries Development Consumption Anthropization Anti-consumerism Circular economy Durable good Earth Overshoot Day Ecological footprint Ethical Green
Population_(human_biology)
parlamento.pt (in Portuguese). Lisbon. p. 483. Retrieved July 18, 2025. "Circular (minuta) do Ministério da Guerra para os generais das províncias sobre
List of national days of mourning (before 2000)
List_of_national_days_of_mourning_(before_2000)
A dependent territory, dependent area, or dependency is a territory that does not possess full political independence or sovereignty as a sovereign state
List of currencies used in dependent territories
List_of_currencies_used_in_dependent_territories
Main airport serving London, England
Centre List of airports in the United Kingdom and the British Crown Dependencies Number of passengers including domestic, international and transit "Aircraft
Heathrow_Airport
Approach to sanitation provision which aims to safely reuse excreta in agriculture
(also spelled eco-san or EcoSan), and also known as circular sanitation as a reference to the circular economy, is an approach to sanitation provision which
Ecological_sanitation
Province of Canada
Pays d'en Haut was formally established in 1610 as an administrative dependency of Canada, and was for defence and business rather than a settlement colony
Ontario
Reduction of environmental impacts of the fashion industry
models go under the name of "circular fashion," inspired by the idea of a circular economy. Much of the work on circular fashion builds on initiatives
Sustainable_fashion
crash-linked or pollution-mediated, deaths from automobility-centrism and dependency. 19 February Astronomers announce the most luminous object ever discovered
2024_in_science
Postulated primary cause of all activity in the universe
(first cause), about whom, the subordinate movers suffer an accidental dependency. Many of Aristotle's contemporaries complained that oblivious, powerless
Unmoved_mover
Converting waste materials into new products
circular economy using cutting-edge sorting technology and community engagement. According to Melati et al., to successfully transition to a circular
Recycling
Strongest type of permanent magnet from an alloy of neodymium, iron and boron
"Sustainable recovery, recycling and reuse of rare-earth magnets in a circular economy". Steinbeis Europa Zentrum. Retrieved 26 August 2025. "MOU signed
Neodymium_magnet
Female-centric pattern in storytelling
conflict. These tasks will be related to conquering preconceived notions of dependency, love, and inferiority. Winkle: "By stage three, the heroine has faced
Heroine's_journey
Mode of human development
linear path of materials (extraction, use, disposal in landfill) to a circular material flow that reuses materials as much as possible, much like the
Sustainable_development
Data visualization with quartiles
according to two categorising dimensions. A dispersion fan diagram is a circular diagram which reports the same information about a dispersion as a box
Fan_chart_(statistics)
Replacing US dollar for other currencies
is strategically diversifying its foreign exchange reserves to reduce dependency on the US dollar through increasing gold reserves, multi-currency reserves
Dedollarisation
Indian environmentalist (born 1959)
Tragedy of the commons World population Control Demographic transition Dependency ratio List Family planning Intergenerational equity Population ageing
Jadav_Payeng
Power outage in Spain and Portugal
dependência eléctrica da mobilidade urbana" [The blackout and the electric dependency of urban mobility]. Lisboa Para Pessoas [pt] (in Portuguese). Archived
2025 Iberian Peninsula blackout
2025_Iberian_Peninsula_blackout
secondary sources such as NY Times, LA Times and the Telegraph (a case of circular reporting). Excluding overseas departments "McDonald's Seeks its Fast-Food
List of countries with McDonald's restaurants
List_of_countries_with_McDonald's_restaurants
Polish-British writer (1857–1924)
the Dutch government; Conrad did not write about the area's British dependencies, which he never visited. He "was apparently intrigued by... struggles
Joseph_Conrad
the best selling plugin electric vehicle of all time. Cars portal Auto dependency Automotive industry – current production and companies Car-free movement
History_of_the_automobile
Golf tournament held in the UK
he received no prize money. Aubrey Boomer was from Jersey, a Crown Dependency. Although Jersey is not part of England, the Open records classify him
The_Open_Championship
Country in the West Indies
Saint Kitts, across a shallow channel called the Narrows. The British dependency of Anguilla was historically also a part of this union, which was known
Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis
Concept for greenhouse gas emissions analysis
Tragedy of the commons World population Control Demographic transition Dependency ratio List Family planning Intergenerational equity Population ageing
Carbon_footprint
International policy development body
Planetary boundaries Development Consumption Anthropization Anti-consumerism Circular economy Durable good Earth Overshoot Day Ecological footprint Ethical Green
Global_Scenario_Group
to remain in medico-social institutes, typically for those with high dependency or multiple disabilities. In the 1980s, French parents learned about behavioral
Autism_in_France
Indian non-profit organisation
Tragedy of the commons World population Control Demographic transition Dependency ratio List Family planning Intergenerational equity Population ageing
Kalpavriksh
type of quantifier in formal logic that allows for the expression of dependencies between different quantified variables, representing more complex relationships
Glossary_of_logic
Indigenous people of the Caribbean
of Domination". Student-Employee Assistance Program Against Chemical Dependency. Archived from the original on 16 October 2007. Retrieved 2 October 2007
Taíno
Ocean dynamics
occurring at the eddy centre, in correspondence to variations of a perfectly circular flow. 0 = ∂ ρ ∂ t + ∇ ⋅ ( ρ u ) ⟶ ∂ ρ ∂ t = − ∂ ∂ z ρ w {\displaystyle
Eddy_pumping
Social science studying goods and services
constitutional economics, institutional economics, evolutionary economics, dependency theory, structuralist economics, world systems theory, econophysics, econodynamics
Economics
Diagram showing the order of activities
valid project network is that it doesn't contain any circular references. Project dependencies can also be depicted by a predecessor table. Although
Project_network
Public transportation method utilizing old rolling stock
the same way as trams. Turin operates the historical route 7, a two-way circular route around the town centre. Turin was the first town in Italy with tram
Heritage_streetcar
Type of community-oriented food distribution system
Planetary boundaries Development Consumption Anthropization Anti-consumerism Circular economy Durable good Earth Overshoot Day Ecological footprint Ethical Green
Vegetable_box_scheme
chattel slavery model common elsewhere. It was, in fact, more like feudal dependency and taxation. The relationship between Seminole blacks and natives changed
Slavery_in_the_United_States
Portable handheld power saw with a rotating chain
successful commercially as the older gas-powered type due to limited range, dependency upon the presence of an electrical socket, plus the health and safety
Chainsaw
Elementary particle with negative charge
emit synchrotron radiation as they pass through magnetic fields. The dependency of the intensity of this radiation upon spin polarizes the electron beam
Electron
Conformity to reality
perspective or context and false in another. Local relativism limits this dependency to particular domains, such as moral truth. Global relativism, by contrast
Truth
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990
ordered the invasion of the Crown colony of the Falkland Islands and its dependency of South Georgia, beginning the Falklands War. The subsequent crisis was
Margaret_Thatcher
Period of the history of Spain corresponding to the Contemporary Age
marriage (June 30, 2005), much protested by the Catholic Church, and the Dependency Law (November 30, 2006). Other social measures of great impact were the
Contemporary_history_of_Spain
(WebDAV; RFC 4918) The resource that is being accessed is locked. 424 Failed Dependency (WebDAV; RFC 4918) The request failed because it depended on another request
List_of_HTTP_status_codes
Family of the British monarch
across the United Kingdom, the British Overseas Territories, the Crown Dependencies and abroad, including state visits, national commemorations, and patronage
British_royal_family
UN awareness effort to protect the environment
this action. It is time to accelerate this action and transition to a circular economy. World Environment Day 2024 focused on land restoration, desertification
World_Environment_Day
Type of urban development strategy
a minimum of $500,000 into US real estate. Activity centre Automobile dependency Edge city Main Street New Urbanism Pedestrian village Principles of Intelligent
Mixed-use_development
Swamp dominated by pond or bald cypress
taller trees grow at the center in deeper water. They usually appear as circular, but if the center is too deep, they form a “doughnut” shape when viewed
Cypress_dome
As described in that report, the Ministry is currently using "Technical Circular T-10/00 ... to assess speed limits. The practice considers the 85th percentile
Speed_limits_in_Canada
Symbiosis of fungi with algae
related to the energy needs of the mycobiont, so that the stronger the dependency of the mycobiont on the photobiont, the more sensitive the lichen is to
Lichen
Sociopolitical advocacy for protecting natural resources
Tragedy of the commons World population Control Demographic transition Dependency ratio List Family planning Intergenerational equity Population ageing
Conservation_movement
routinely armed. Uniquely in Britain, there are police forces of Crown Dependencies such as the Isle of Man and States of Jersey and Guernsey, who have police
Law_enforcement_by_country
City in Merseyside, England
Region Combined Authority's long term Merseyrail for All plan is to reduce dependency on live third rail and promote battery power in order to further expand
Liverpool
Red dwarf star in the constellation Aquarius
planets. The seven planets take between 1.5 and 19 days to orbit the star in circular orbits. They are all likely tidally locked to TRAPPIST-1, and it is believed
TRAPPIST-1
Planning and management of resources and processes
Planetary boundaries Development Consumption Anthropization Anti-consumerism Circular economy Durable good Earth Overshoot Day Ecological footprint Ethical Green
Stewardship
Eukaryotes other than animals, plants or fungi
Alexander P.; Keeling, Patrick J. (2015). "Factors mediating plastid dependency and the origins of parasitism in apicomplexans and their close relatives"
Protist
Environmental planning
Tragedy of the commons World population Control Demographic transition Dependency ratio List Family planning Intergenerational equity Population ageing
Ecodistrict
Smallest functional written unit
represents the phoneme /ʃ/. This referential concept is linked to the dependency hypothesis that claims that writing merely depicts speech. By contrast
Grapheme
CIRCULAR DEPENDENCY
CIRCULAR DEPENDENCY
Boy/Male
Indian
Somebody who gives shelter, One who gives refuge to others, God of wealth, One who protects others, Rite of dependency, Trust on God, One who is dependent on God), Subramaniam Swami
Boy/Male
Sikh
Somebody who gives shelter, One who gives refuge to others, God of wealth, One who protects others, Rite of dependency, Trust on God, One who is dependent on God), Subramaniam Swami
Boy/Male
Tamil
Somebody who gives shelter, One who gives refuge to others, God of wealth, One who protects others, Rite of dependency, Trust on God, One who is dependent on God), Subramaniam Swami
Boy/Male
Hindu
Somebody who gives shelter, One who gives refuge to others, God of wealth, One who protects others, Rite of dependency, Trust on God, One who is dependent on God), Subramaniam Swami
Girl/Female
Indian
Somebody who gives shelter, One who gives refuge to others, God of wealth, One who protects others, Rite of dependency, Trust on God, One who is dependent on God), Subramaniam Swami
Boy/Male
Tamil
Somebody who gives shelter, One who gives refuge to others, God of wealth, One who protects others, Rite of dependency, Trust on God, One who is dependent on God), Subramaniam Swami
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from Turnham in East Yorkshire or Turnham Green in West London, both of which are so named from an Old English trun ‘circular’, probably denoting a U-shaped bend in a river, + hamm ‘water meadow’ or hÄm ‘homestead’.
Surname or Lastname
English (Essex, Cambridgeshire)
English (Essex, Cambridgeshire) : possibly a variant of Trendall, a topographic name for someone who lived by a well, earhwork, stone circle, or other circular feature, from Middle English trendel, trandle ‘circle’ (Old English trendel).Possibly an altered spelling of South German Tröndle, a variant of Trendle, a nickname for a tearful person, from Träne ‘tear’ + the diminutive suffix -l.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Lord vishnus weapon, Circular
Boy/Male
Hindu
Somebody who gives shelter, One who gives refuge to others, God of wealth, One who protects others, Rite of dependency, Trust on God, One who is dependent on God), Subramaniam Swami
Boy/Male
Tamil
Somebody who gives shelter, One who gives refuge to others, God of wealth, One who protects others, Rite of dependency, Trust on God, One who is dependent on God), Subramaniam Swami
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Circular; Resembles a Wheel
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Circular; Resembles a Wheel
Girl/Female
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Rite of Dependency; Trust on God
Boy/Male
Tamil
Lord vishnus weapon, Circular
Boy/Male
Hindu
Somebody who gives shelter, One who gives refuge to others, God of wealth, One who protects others, Rite of dependency, Trust on God, One who is dependent on God), Subramaniam Swami
CIRCULAR DEPENDENCY
CIRCULAR DEPENDENCY
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
One of the Name of Goddess Lalitha
Boy/Male
Muslim
Name of An Angel
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from a place in Cambridgeshire, named in Old English as ‘Mūl’s enclosure’, from Mūl, a personal name or byname meaning ‘mule’ + worð ‘enclosure’. It may also be derived from Mouldsworth in Cheshire, so called from Old English molda ‘crown of the head’, ‘top of a hill’ + worð ‘enclosure’.
Boy/Male
Welsh
Youthful.
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Warrior of Redemption
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Cows World
Girl/Female
Australian, French, Swedish
Elf; Magical Counsel
Girl/Female
Indian, Tamil
Beautiful Eyes; Light in Dark
Girl/Female
American, Anglo, British, English
Daybreak; Sunrise; The First Appearance of Daylight
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Without Fear
CIRCULAR DEPENDENCY
CIRCULAR DEPENDENCY
CIRCULAR DEPENDENCY
CIRCULAR DEPENDENCY
CIRCULAR DEPENDENCY
v. t.
To cause to pass from place to place, or from person to person; to spread; as, to circulate a report; to circulate bills of credit.
a.
Perfect; complete.
adv.
In a circular manner.
a.
Adhering to a fixed circle of legends; cyclic; hence, mean; inferior. See Cyclic poets, under Cyclic.
v. i.
To move circularly; to form a circle; to circulate.
n.
A small circular saw.
a.
Spherical; orbicular; orblike; circular.
a.
Nearly circular.
a.
In the form of, or bounded by, a circle; round.
a.
Round; circular; spherical.
a.
Addressed to a circle, or to a number of persons having a common interest; circulated, or intended for circulation; as, a circular letter.
n.
A circular dance.
n.
Circular motion in a direction contrary to some other circular motion.
a.
Circular; suitable to rotation.
a.
A circular letter, or paper, usually printed, copies of which are addressed or given to various persons; as, a business circular.
n.
The quality or state of being circular; a circular form.
a.
Circular; illogical.
n.
A circular projecting portion.
a.
A sleeveless cloak, cut in circular form.
a.
repeating itself; ending in itself; reverting to the point of beginning; hence, illogical; inconclusive; as, circular reasoning.