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American grantmaking foundation
Coefficient Giving (formerly Open Philanthropy) is an American philanthropic advising and funding organization. Its current CEO is Alexander Berger. As
Coefficient_Giving
American nonprofit executive
evaluator GiveWell with Elie Hassenfeld in 2007. He co-founded in 2014 the grantmaking organization Open Philanthropy (now called Coefficient Giving), and
Holden_Karnofsky
American philanthropist (born 1985)
co-founder and Chair of the philanthropic organizations Good Ventures and Coefficient Giving. She is married to Facebook and Asana co-founder Dustin Moskovitz
Cari_Tuna
American journalist
Dylan Matthews is an American journalist. He is a program officer at Coefficient Giving. He previously worked as a correspondent for Vox from 2014 to 2025
Dylan_Matthews
American internet entrepreneur (born 1984)
Philanthropy is now Coefficient Giving". Coefficient Giving. Retrieved April 4, 2026. "Open Philanthropy Is Now Coefficient Giving. Here's What Has and
Dustin_Moskovitz
American charity evaluator
Marketplace Initiative. GiveWell later partnered with Good Ventures to establish Open Philanthropy (since renamed Coefficient Giving). GiveWell has said that
GiveWell
American entrepreneur (born 1987)
Karnofsky, the co-founder of the effective altruism-based foundation Coefficient Giving (formerly Open Philanthropy). They have a son. As of February 2026
Daniela_Amodei
Measure of similarity and diversity between sets
developed independently by Paul Jaccard, originally giving the French name coefficient de communauté (coefficient of community), and independently formulated
Jaccard_index
Measure of inequality of a statistical distribution
In economics, the Gini coefficient (/ˈdʒiːni/ JEE-nee), also known as the Gini index or Gini ratio, is a measure of statistical dispersion intended to
Gini_coefficient
Measure of linear correlation
statistics, the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC), also known as Pearson's r, the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (PPMCC), or simply the unqualified
Pearson correlation coefficient
Pearson_correlation_coefficient
Relative measure of dispersion expressed as the ratio of standard deviation to the mean
In probability theory and statistics, the coefficient of variation (CV), also known as normalized root-mean-square deviation (NRMSD), and relative standard
Coefficient_of_variation
American private foundation
approach" to giving. Good Ventures does not have any full-time staff, and instead distributes grants according to recommendations from Coefficient Giving (formerly
Good_Ventures
Indicator for how well data points fit a line or curve
In statistics, the coefficient of determination, denoted R2 or r2 and pronounced "R squared", is the proportion of the variation in the dependent variable
Coefficient_of_determination
Number of subsets of a given size
the binomial coefficients are the positive integers that occur as coefficients in the binomial theorem. Commonly, a binomial coefficient is indexed by
Binomial_coefficient
Sequence of numbers ((2n) choose (n))
In mathematics the nth central binomial coefficient is the particular binomial coefficient ( 2 n n ) = ( 2 n ) ! ( n ! ) 2 for all n ≥ 0. {\displaystyle
Central_binomial_coefficient
2025 book by Ezra Klein and Derek Thompson
May 12, 2026. "Announcing Our New $120M Abundance & Growth Fund". Coefficient Giving. Retrieved May 12, 2026. gyauch-lewis (December 3, 2024). "The Abundance
Abundance (Klein and Thompson book)
Abundance_(Klein_and_Thompson_book)
Philosophical and social movement
Coefficient Giving Development Media International Evidence Action Faunalytics Fistula Foundation Future of Humanity Institute Founders Pledge GiveDirectly
Effective_accelerationism
International animal nonprofit
strategies. THL has received more than $60 million of funding from Coefficient Giving (formerly called Open Philanthropy), and has been recommended by Animal
The_Humane_League
Quantity relating heat flux and temperature difference
In thermodynamics, the heat transfer coefficient or film coefficient, or film effectiveness, is the proportionality constant between the heat flux and
Heat_transfer_coefficient
Tendency of matter to change volume in response to a change in temperature
366/100 °C – the accepted average coefficient of thermal expansion of an ideal gas in the temperature interval 0–100 °C, giving a remarkable consistency to
Thermal_expansion
Nonparametric measure of rank correlation
In statistics, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient or Spearman's ρ is a number ranging from -1 to 1 that indicates how strongly two sets of ranks
Spearman's rank correlation coefficient
Spearman's_rank_correlation_coefficient
Ratio characterising inelastic collisions
In classical mechanics, the coefficient of restitution (COR, also denoted by e), is a measure of the springiness of collisions between two surfaces. Newton's
Coefficient_of_restitution
Ratio of useful heating or cooling provided to work required
The coefficient of performance or COP (sometimes CP or CoP) of a heat pump, refrigerator or air conditioning system is a ratio of the useful heating or
Coefficient_of_performance
Value accounting for thermodynamic non-ideality of mixtures
In thermodynamics, an activity coefficient is a factor used to account for deviation of a mixture of chemical substances from ideal behaviour. In an ideal
Activity_coefficient
Mathematical estimate of inbreeding
The coefficient of inbreeding (COI) is a number measuring how inbred an individual is. Specifically, it is the probability that two alleles at any locus
Coefficient_of_inbreeding
American biomedical research nonprofit
co-founder Daniel Gross, Facebook and Asana co-founder Dustin Moskovitz, Coefficient Giving chair Cari Tuna, General Catalyst CEO Hemant Taneja, and Jane Street
Arc_Institute
Measure of biological relationship between individuals
The coefficient of relationship is a measure of the degree of consanguinity (or biological relationship) between two individuals. The term coefficient of
Coefficient_of_relationship
Descriptive statistic
statistics, the intraclass correlation, or the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), is a descriptive statistic that can be used when quantitative
Intraclass_correlation
Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature
The Seebeck coefficient (also known as thermopower, thermoelectric power, and thermoelectric sensitivity) of a material is a measure of the magnitude
Seebeck_coefficient
Measure of how connected and clustered a node is in its graph
In graph theory, a clustering coefficient is a measure of the degree to which nodes in a graph tend to cluster together. Evidence suggests that in most
Clustering_coefficient
Force resisting sliding motion
pavement has a high coefficient of friction. Coefficients of friction range from near zero to greater than one. The coefficient of friction between two
Friction
Physical measure of overcoming air resistance
In ballistics, the ballistic coefficient (BC, Cb) of a body is a measure of its ability to overcome air resistance in flight. It is inversely proportional
Ballistic_coefficient
Family of polynomials
Gaussian binomial coefficients (also called Gaussian coefficients, Gaussian numbers, Gaussian polynomials, or q-binomial coefficients) are q-analogs of
Gaussian_binomial_coefficient
Statistical measure of reliability
α {\displaystyle \alpha } ) or coefficient alpha (coefficient α {\displaystyle \alpha } ), is a reliability coefficient and a measure of the internal consistency
Cronbach's_alpha
Gas ionization process
accelerating electric field, or from the original ionising particle. The coefficient gives the number of secondary electrons produced by primary electron per
Townsend_discharge
The first row of b coefficients gives the fifth-order accurate solution, and the second row has order four. The coefficients here allow for an adaptive
List_of_Runge–Kutta_methods
mathematics, the theta function of a lattice is a function whose coefficients give the number of vectors of a given norm. One can associate to any (positive-definite)
Theta_function_of_a_lattice
Career research organisation
enhancing decision-making. The largest funder of 80,000 Hours has been Coefficient Giving, backed by husband-and-wife Dustin Moskovitz and Cari Tuna, with cumulative
80,000_Hours
Statistic used for comparing the similarity of two samples
The Dice-Sørensen coefficient is a statistic used to gauge the similarity of two samples. It was independently developed by the botanists Lee Raymond
Dice-Sørensen_coefficient
Similarity measure for number sequences
Other names for cosine similarity include Orchini similarity and Tucker coefficient of congruence; the Otsuka–Ochiai similarity (see below) is cosine similarity
Cosine_similarity
Dimensionless number describing relative pressures in a fluid flow field
the pressure coefficient is a dimensionless number which describes the relative pressures throughout a flow field. The pressure coefficient is used in aerodynamics
Pressure_coefficient
Direct conversion of temperature differences to electric voltage and vice versa
create temperature differences), and the Thomson effect (the Seebeck coefficient varies with temperature). The Seebeck and Peltier effects are different
Thermoelectric_effect
Ratio of concentrations in a mixture at equilibrium
In the physical sciences, a partition coefficient (P) or distribution coefficient (D) is the ratio of concentrations of a compound in a mixture of two
Partition_coefficient
Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid
path length L. As mentioned, the drag equation with a constant drag coefficient gives the force moving through a fluid at a relatively large velocity, i
Drag_(physics)
Matrix whose entries are the coefficients of a linear equation
In linear algebra, a coefficient matrix is a matrix consisting of the coefficients of the variables in a set of linear equations. The matrix is used in
Coefficient_matrix
2005–2024 Oxford University research centre
Nick Bostrom, and its research staff included futurist Anders Sandberg and Giving What We Can founder Toby Ord. Sharing an office and working closely with
Future_of_Humanity_Institute
Phenomenon of non-ideal fluids changing temperature
expansion is quantified by the Joule–Thomson coefficient, μ J T {\displaystyle \mu _{\mathrm {JT} }} . This coefficient may be either positive (corresponding
Joule–Thomson_effect
Statistical modeling method
explanatory variable with a slope coefficient. A multiple regression e right hand side, each with its own slope coefficient Rencher, Alvin C.; Christensen
Linear_regression
Force resisting the motion when a body rolls on a surface
expressed as a coefficient times the normal force. This coefficient of rolling resistance is generally much smaller than the coefficient of sliding friction
Rolling_resistance
Charity fundraising organization
Raising for Effective Giving (REG) is a charity fundraising nonprofit. Its members consist mostly of professional poker players and financial investors
Raising_for_Effective_Giving
Method for solving ordinary differential equations
Butcher tableau is: The first row of b coefficients gives the fifth-order accurate solution, and the second row gives the fourth-order solution. Adaptive
Cash–Karp_method
In physiology, filtration coefficient (Kf) is the product of a biological membrane's permeability to water and the surface area of the membrane. Typical
Filtration_coefficient
Philosophical view which prioritises the long-term future
Institute, the Stanford Existential Risks Initiative, 80,000 Hours, Coefficient Giving (previously known as Open Philanthropy), The Forethought Foundation
Longtermism
Nonprofit biosecurity think tank
as well as grants from the US federal government. In January 2017, Coefficient Giving (formerly the Open Philanthropy Project) awarded a $16 million grant
Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security
Johns_Hopkins_Center_for_Health_Security
Describes the highest power of primes dividing a binomial coefficient
p that divides a given binomial coefficient. In other words, it gives the p-adic valuation of a binomial coefficient. The theorem is named after Ernst
Kummer's_theorem
Equations of light transmission and reflection
The Fresnel equations (or Fresnel coefficients) describe the reflection and transmission of light (or electromagnetic radiation in general) when incident
Fresnel_equations
Coefficients in angular momentum eigenstates of quantum systems
Clebsch–Gordan (CG) coefficients are numbers that arise in angular momentum coupling in quantum mechanics. They appear as the expansion coefficients of total angular
Clebsch–Gordan_coefficients
Adage that work expands to fill its available time
rule about the efficiency of administrative councils. He defined a "coefficient of inefficiency" with the number of members as the main determining variable
Parkinson's_Law
Property of materials
The mass attenuation coefficient, or mass narrow beam attenuation coefficient of a material is the attenuation coefficient normalized by the density of
Mass_attenuation_coefficient
Atomic diffusion within a crystalline lattice
diffusion coefficient in thermodynamic equilibrium can be expressed with Δ G m {\displaystyle \Delta G_{m}} and Δ G v {\displaystyle \Delta G_{v}} , giving: D
Lattice_diffusion_coefficient
Extension of the factorial function
binomial coefficients motivates why the properties of the gamma function when extended to negative numbers are natural. A binomial coefficient gives the number
Gamma_function
Principle of quantum mechanics
respectively. As previously discussed, the magnitudes of the complex coefficients give the probability of finding the electron in either definite spin state:
Quantum_superposition
Tendency of a particle to settle out of suspension during centrifugation
In chemistry, the sedimentation coefficient (s) of a particle characterizes its sedimentation (tendency to settle out of suspension) during centrifugation
Sedimentation_coefficient
Wild animal welfare nonprofit organization
Executive Director. In 2021, WAI received a grant of $3.5 million from Coefficient Giving (then known as Open Philanthropy) to support research on wild animal
Wild_Animal_Initiative
Statistic for rank correlation
In statistics, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient, commonly referred to as Kendall's τ coefficient (after the Greek letter τ, tau), is a statistic
Kendall rank correlation coefficient
Kendall_rank_correlation_coefficient
Statistical hypothesis test
lm) The linear regression provides a table of coefficients and p-values. The table of coefficients gives the following results. The estimate value of 2
Student's_t-test
Polynomial equation of degree two
coefficients of the equation and may be distinguished by calling them the quadratic coefficient, the linear coefficient and the constant coefficient or
Quadratic_equation
Quantities describing probability of absorption or emission of light
Einstein coefficients are quantities describing the probability of absorption or emission of a photon by an atom or molecule. The Einstein A coefficients are
Einstein_coefficients
Sufficient condition for polynomial irreducibility
In mathematics, Eisenstein's criterion gives a sufficient condition for a polynomial with integer coefficients to be irreducible over the rational numbers
Eisenstein's_criterion
Dimensionless quantity relating lift to fluid density and velocity over an area
In fluid dynamics, the lift coefficient (CL) is a dimensionless quantity that relates the lift generated by a lifting body to the fluid density around
Lift_coefficient
Method for solving differential equations
Butcher tableau is: The first row of b coefficients gives the fifth-order accurate solution, and the second row gives the fourth-order accurate solution.
Dormand–Prince_method
Coefficient used in numerical approximation
difference can be central, forward or backward. This table contains the coefficients of the central differences, for several orders of accuracy and with uniform
Finite_difference_coefficient
Dimension of the column space of a matrix
that A = CR. R is the matrix whose ith column is formed from the coefficients giving the ith column of A as a linear combination of the r columns of C
Rank_(linear_algebra)
National economy metric
The reverse concept is called economy demonetization. The monetization coefficient (or ratio) of the economy is an indicator that is equal to the ratio
Economy_monetization
Establish relationships between homology and cohomology theories
universal coefficient theorems (UCT) establish relationships between homology groups (or cohomology groups) with different coefficients. For instance
Universal_coefficient_theorem
Statistic measuring inter-rater agreement for categorical items
Cohen's kappa coefficient (symbol κ, lowercase Greek kappa) is a statistic used to measure inter-rater reliability for qualitative or categorical data
Cohen's_kappa
Measure of association between two binary variables
In statistics, Yule's Y, also known as the coefficient of colligation, is a measure of association between two binary variables. The measure was developed
Coefficient_of_colligation
Relating two numbers and their greatest common divisor
Bézout coefficients for (a, b); they are not unique. The extended Euclidean algorithm can be used to compute a minimal pair of Bézout coefficients, meaning
Bézout's_identity
Concept in probability theory and statistics
relationship between two variables of interest, using their correlation coefficient will give misleading results if there is another confounding variable that
Partial_correlation
Graphical aid for deriving some concepts in combinatorics
bins. The solution to this particular problem is given by the binomial coefficient ( n + k − 1 k − 1 ) {\displaystyle {\tbinom {n+k-1}{k-1}}} , which is
Stars and bars (combinatorics)
Stars_and_bars_(combinatorics)
Statistical transformation
z-transformation) of a Pearson correlation coefficient is its inverse hyperbolic tangent (artanh). When the sample correlation coefficient r is near 1 or -1, its distribution
Fisher_transformation
Transform in numerical harmonic analysis
{\displaystyle h} . The outputs give the detail coefficients (from the high-pass filter) and approximation coefficients (from the low-pass). It is important
Discrete_wavelet_transform
Mathematical model of the interactions between neuronal populations
c_{1}} and c 2 {\displaystyle c_{2}} are respectively the connectivity coefficient giving the average number of excitatory and inhibitory synapses per excitatory
Wilson–Cowan_model
uncertainties are not shown in the table. The ACS gives a much higher estimate of the Gini coefficient for the United States than other sources. States
List of U.S. states and territories by income inequality
List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_income_inequality
Number of points needed to determine an algebraic curve
coefficients, giving an equivalent equation with one coefficient fixed at 1, and thus [(n + 1)(n + 2) / 2] − 1 = n(n + 3) / 2 remaining coefficients.
Cramer's theorem (algebraic curves)
Cramer's_theorem_(algebraic_curves)
Of a Kronecker product (combinatorics)
In mathematics, Kronecker coefficients gλ μν describe the decomposition of the tensor product (= Kronecker product) of two irreducible representations
Kronecker_coefficient
Phenomenon in statistics
coefficient of determination 'shrinks'. This idea is complementary to overfitting and, separately, to the standard adjustment made in the coefficient
Shrinkage_(statistics)
Locally constant sheaf of abelian groups on topological space
system of local coefficients) on a topological space X is a tool from algebraic topology which interpolates between cohomology with coefficients in a fixed
Local_system
The probability plot correlation coefficient (PPCC) plot is a graphical technique for identifying the shape parameter for a distributional family that
Probability plot correlation coefficient plot
Probability_plot_correlation_coefficient_plot
Algebraic expansion of powers of a binomial
nonnegative integers satisfying k + m = n {\displaystyle k+m=n} and the coefficient a {\displaystyle a} of each term is a specific positive integer depending
Binomial_theorem
Algorithm to smooth data points
in the form of a single set of "convolution coefficients" that can be applied to all data sub-sets, to give estimates of the smoothed signal, (or derivatives
Savitzky–Golay_filter
Degree to which a chemical reaction rate is influenced by a given factor
factors change the reaction rate is described by the elasticity coefficient. This coefficient is defined as follows: ε s i v = ( ∂ v ∂ s i s i v ) s j , s
Elasticity_coefficient
Type of clustering of data points
For each data point, compute its coefficients of being in the clusters. Any point x has a set of coefficients giving the degree of being in the kth cluster
Fuzzy_clustering
Polynomial sequence
explicitly, this differential-operator representation gives rise to a concrete formula for the coefficients of Hn that can be used to quickly compute these
Hermite_polynomials
Aerodynamic dimensionaless parameter
In aerodynamics, the zero-lift drag coefficient C D , 0 {\displaystyle C_{D,0}} is a dimensionless parameter which relates an aircraft's zero-lift drag
Zero-lift_drag_coefficient
Empirical relationship between refractive index and wavelength
featuring Sellmeier coefficients for many hundreds of materials. A browser-based calculator giving refractive index from Sellmeier coefficients. Annalen der
Sellmeier_equation
Voltage reference used in integrated circuits
{\displaystyle R1} and R 2 {\displaystyle R2} , these temperature coefficients can be made to cancel, giving an output voltage that is nearly independent of temperature
Brokaw_bandgap_reference
Electromagnetic effect in physics
Clerk Maxwell, becoming a critical confirmation of that theory. The Hall coefficient is defined as the ratio of the induced electric field to the product
Hall_effect
Mathematical rule
the coefficients that arise when decomposing a product of two Schur functions as a linear combination of other Schur functions. These coefficients are
Littlewood–Richardson_rule
Statistical model
analysis, all effects are determined by sums of products of structural coefficients, giving T E = C + A B C D E ( m ) = N D E = C , independent of m N I E
Mediation_(statistics)
COEFFICIENT GIVING
COEFFICIENT GIVING
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
An Efficient Architect
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Sanskrit
Effective; Efficient; Goddess Durga
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Capable; Skilful; Efficient
Girl/Female
Tamil
Durga, Agile, Efficient, Swift
Boy/Male
Tamil
Rahulraj | ராஹà¯à®²à®°à®¾à®œ
Efficient, Capable
Rahulraj | ராஹà¯à®²à®°à®¾à®œ
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Unefficient; Capable
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Intelligent; Efficient
Girl/Female
Hindu
Durga, Agile, Efficient, Swift
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Skillful; Efficient
Boy/Male
Tamil
Cleverness, Honesty, Brilliance, Efficient
Boy/Male
Hindu
Cleverness, Honesty, Brilliance, Efficient
Boy/Male
Hindu
An efficient horse rider
Girl/Female
Arabic
Efficient
Girl/Female
Assamese, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Agile; Efficient
Boy/Male
Hindu
Efficient, Capable
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Indian
Efficient
Girl/Female
Indian
Cleverness, Honesty, Brilliance, Efficient
Boy/Male
Hindu
Skilfull and efficient Lord
Boy/Male
Tamil
Vishwadakshinah | விஷà¯à®µà®¾à®¤à®•à¯à®·à¯€à®¨à®¾à®¹
Skilfull and efficient Lord
Vishwadakshinah | விஷà¯à®µà®¾à®¤à®•à¯à®·à¯€à®¨à®¾à®¹
Girl/Female
Tamil
Cleverness, Honesty, Brilliance, Efficient
COEFFICIENT GIVING
COEFFICIENT GIVING
Girl/Female
Australian, French, Polish
Weapon; Derived from Medieval Male Form of Matthew
Boy/Male
Muslim
Greenery
Female
Spanish
Feminine form of Spanish Miguel, MIGUELA means "who is like God?"
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Telugu
A Heroic Son
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Life of the World
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Christian, English, French
From the Beaver Meadow; Of the Beaver-stream
Girl/Female
Biblical
Judgment, striving, covering, chiding.
Girl/Female
African, Bengali, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu, Thai
Good Natured; Flower; Goddess Durga; Kind Hearted
Boy/Male
Hebrew Irish
Dearly loved.
Girl/Female
Assamese, Bengali, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
A Flower; Night Flower Jasmine
COEFFICIENT GIVING
COEFFICIENT GIVING
COEFFICIENT GIVING
COEFFICIENT GIVING
COEFFICIENT GIVING
a.
Not efficient; not producing the effect intended or desired; inefficacious; as, inefficient means or measures.
n.
The quality of being efficient or producing an effect or effects; efficient power; effectual agency.
adv.
In an inefficient manner.
a.
Incapable of, or indisposed to, effective action; habitually slack or remiss; effecting little or nothing; as, inefficient workmen; an inefficient administrator.
n.
A numerical coefficient in any particular case of the binomial theorem.
n.
That which unites in action with something else to produce the same effect.
n.
An efficient cause; a prime mover.
a.
Having no effect; not operating; inefficient.
n.
One of the variables of a quantic as distinguished from a coefficient.
n.
A number, commonly used in computation as a factor, expressing the amount of some change or effect under certain fixed conditions as to temperature, length, volume, etc.; as, the coefficient of expansion; the coefficient of friction.
a.
Cooperating; acting together to produce an effect.
a.
Making or doing throughly; efficient; effectual.
n.
Joint efficiency; cooperation.
n.
Efficient contrivance; management; agency.
superl.
Hence, hobbling; limping; inefficient; imperfect.
n.
A stupid, awkward, inefficient person.
v. i.
Efficient; vigorous; brilliant.
a.
Strong; powerful; efficient.
n.
Causing effects; producing results; that makes the effect to be what it is; actively operative; not inactive, slack, or incapable; characterized by energetic and useful activity; as, an efficient officer, power.
n.
A number or letter put before a letter or quantity, known or unknown, to show how many times the latter is to be taken; as, 6x; bx; here 6 and b are coefficients of x.