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Reaction between two different species of an element to give a same species
Comproportionation or symproportionation is a chemical reaction where two reactants containing the same element but with different oxidation numbers, form
Comproportionation
Redox reaction whose products have higher and lower oxidation states than the reactant
formed from precursors of lower and higher oxidation states, is called comproportionation, also known as symproportionation. More generally, the term can be
Disproportionation
Graph showing the free energy vs oxidation state of a chemical species
a thermodynamic sink, and is intrinsically stable, giving rise to comproportionation (↘↙). On the Frost diagram for nitrogen, hydrazoic acid (HN3 / N−3)
Frost_diagram
Chemical element with atomic number 16 (S)
oxidation of some hydrogen sulfide to sulfur dioxide and then the comproportionation of the two: 3 O2 + 2 H2S → 2 SO2 + 2 H2O SO2 + 2 H2S → 3 S + 2 H2O
Sulfur
Chemical element with atomic number 35 (Br)
be synthesised by the direct reaction of the elements, or by the comproportionation of bromine and bromine trifluoride at high temperatures. Bromine monochloride
Bromine
Chemical element with atomic number 50 (Sn)
Alternatively SnCl4 and Sn combine to stannous chloride by a process called comproportionation: SnCl4 + Sn → 2 SnCl 2 Tin can form many oxides, sulfides, and other
Tin
Exchange of ligands and metalloid centers
are produced by redistribution, a reaction called the Kocheshkov comproportionation: 3 SnBu4 + SnCl4 → 4 SnBu3Cl Many metal halides undergo redistribution
Redistribution_(chemistry)
Chemical element with atomic number 53 (I)
solution is then reacted with freshly extracted iodate, resulting in comproportionation to iodine, which may be filtered off. The caliche was the main source
Iodine
Anion and chemical group (–N3)
such as sodium nitrite. Each elementary redox reaction is also a comproportionation reaction because two different nitrogen species (N−3 and NO−2) converge
Azide
Chemical compound
oxychlorides of vanadium, it is a hygroscopic green solid. It is prepared by comproportionation of vanadium trichloride and vanadium(V) oxides: V2O5 + VOCl3 + 3 VCl3
Vanadium_oxydichloride
Chemical compound
preparation of ferrocene ferrous chloride is generated in situ by comproportionation of FeCl3 with iron powder in tetrahydrofuran (THF). Ferric chloride
Iron(II)_chloride
Group of fatty molecules suspended in liquid by soaps and/or detergents
+qe or -qe. This charging takes place through a disproportionation/comproportionation mechanism rather than a dissociation/association mechanism and the
Micelle
more iron metal converted the ferric bromide to ferrous bromide via comproportionation. Where desired, free bromine may be obtained by thermal decomposition
Dow_process_(bromine)
Precursor to vanadium alloys and industrial catalyst
Upon heating a mixture of vanadium(V) oxide and vanadium(III) oxide, comproportionation occurs to give vanadium(IV) oxide, as a deep-blue solid: V2O5 + V2O3
Vanadium(V)_oxide
Chemical compound
battery stores and releases energy by shifting the equilibrium (a comproportionation) between metallic lead, lead dioxide, and lead(II) salts in sulfuric
Lead_dioxide
Chemical reaction mechanism
simple coordination complexes have been examined as tests of PCET. The comproportionation of a Ru(II) aquo and a Ru(IV) oxo (bipy = (2,2'-bipyridine, py = pyridine):
Proton-coupled electron transfer
Proton-coupled_electron_transfer
Chemical compound
(Cu2(OH)3Cl). For this purpose aqueous copper(I) chloride is generated by comproportionation and then air-oxidized: Cu + CuCl2 → 2 CuCl 12 CuCl + 3 O2 + 6 H2O
Copper(I)_chloride
N-alkoxy amines (which, presumably, proceed via intermediate 1). Comproportionation of the reduced product (a hydroxylamine) with the oxoammonium ion
Oxoammonium-catalyzed oxidation
Oxoammonium-catalyzed_oxidation
Chemical compound
aqueous extracts with sodium bisulfite to give sodium iodide. This comproportionation reaction is a major source of the sodium iodide. Calcium iodate can
Calcium_iodate
Chemical compound
gives NbO2: Nb2O5 + H2 → 2 NbO2 + H2O Niobium monoxide arises from a comproportionation using an arc-furnace: Nb2O5 + 3Nb → 5 NbO The burgundy-coloured niobium(III)
Niobium_pentoxide
Clemmensen reduction Chain walking Chan–Lam coupling Chlorination Comproportionation C–C coupling C–H activation Cyanation Cyclometalation Decarbonylation
List_of_inorganic_reactions
Inorganic compound of Iron
iron(III) chloride oxidizes iron powder to form iron(II) chloride via a comproportionation reaction: 2 FeCl3 + Fe → 3 FeCl2 A traditional synthesis of anhydrous
Iron(III)_chloride
Branch of organic chemistry
chlorides by redistribution reactions (also known as the "Kocheshkov comproportionation" in the case of organotin compounds): 3 R4Sn + SnCl4 → 4 R3SnCl R4Sn
Organotin_chemistry
Class of chemical compounds
stronger than that of its congeners, AlF is synthesized instead by the comproportionation of Al and AlF3 which are pressed and mixed into pellets. The pellets
Aluminium(I)_compounds
Chemical compound
hydrolysis of diborane: BH3 + H2O → H2BOH + H2 It is also produced by the comproportionation of boric acid and diborane, though this reaction is unfavorable, with
Borinic_acid
Biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted into various chemical forms
of each of these three words. This biological process is a redox comproportionation reaction, in which ammonia (the reducing agent giving electrons) and
Nitrogen_cycle
Chemical compound
second polymorph of ReCl4 is also known. ReCl4 can be prepared by comproportionation of rhenium(V) chloride and rhenium(III) chloride. It can also be produced
Rhenium(IV)_chloride
replaced with free H+. The second half reaction is an example of "comproportionation" where two species of more extreme oxidation states (NH3 and NH2OH)
Hydrazine_synthase
Chemical compound
nitrate reacts with elemental mercury(0) to form mercurous(I) nitrate (comproportionation reaction):[citation needed] Hg(NO3)2 + Hg ⇌ Hg2(NO3)2 Solutions of
Mercury(I)_nitrate
Chemical compound
used as a catalyst. It adopts the rutile structure. It forms via comproportionation: 2 Re2O7 + 3 Re → 7 ReO2 Single crystals are obtained by chemical
Rhenium(IV)_oxide
Chemical compound
tellurium with difluorodichloromethane. It can also be produced by the comproportionation of tellurium and tellurium tetrachloride. Tellurium dichloride is
Tellurium_dichloride
Chemical mixture used as a pest control agent
first reaction resembles a disproportionation reaction. The inverse comproportionation reaction occurs in the Claus process, which is used for desulfurization
Lime_sulfur
Chemical compound
Following the method described by Berzelius, VO 2 is prepared by comproportionation of vanadium(III) oxide and vanadium(V) oxide: V 2O 5 + V 2O 3 → 4
Vanadium(IV)_oxide
Chemical compound
YbBr2 + 2 NH3 + H2 Ytterbium(II) bromide can also be prepared by comproportionation of metallic ytterbium and ytterbium(III) bromide in a vacuum at 960 °C:
Ytterbium(II)_bromide
Chemical compound
nitric acid. Another method of producing the monohydrate is by the comproportionation of permanganate and Mn(II) in phosphoric acid: MnO4– + 4 Mn2+ + 10
Manganese(III)_phosphate
agent and both disproportionation and comproportionation coexist. Cu(II) can be consumed by both the comproportionation and deactivation reaction, the relative
Copper-based reversible-deactivation radical polymerization
Copper-based_reversible-deactivation_radical_polymerization
Chemical compound
an inert atmosphere: Yb + S → YbS An alternative synthesis is by comproportionation of ytterbium(III) sulfide and ytterbium metal in vacuum at 1000–1100
Ytterbium(II)_sulfide
Chemical compound
hydrogen: 2 TiBr4 + H2 → 2 TiBr3 + 2 HBr It can also be produced by comproportionation of titanium metal and titanium tetrabromide. Ti + 3 TiBr4 → 4 TiBr3
Titanium(III)_bromide
Nanoclusters
[Cu17(tBuCC)16(MeOH)]+ Zhang, Li-Min; Mak, Thomas C. W. (2016). "Comproportionation Synthesis of Copper(I) Alkynyl Complexes Encapsulating Polyoxomolybdate
Monolayer-protected cluster molecules
Monolayer-protected_cluster_molecules
Chemical compounds with at least one silicon atom
explains their stability. These halopolysilanes may be produced by comproportionation of silicon tetrahalides with elemental silicon, or by condensation
Silicon_compounds
Chemical compound
reduction of Nb2O5 by hydrogen. More typically, it is prepared by comproportionation: Nb2O5 + 3 Nb → 5 NbO Haynes, p. 4.76 Pialoux, A.; Joyeux, M.L; Cizeron
Niobium_monoxide
Class of chemical compounds
metathesis from hexachloromolybdate. Mn(acac)3 has been prepared by the comproportionation of the manganese(II) compound Mn(acac)2 with potassium permanganate
Metal_acetylacetonates
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation, a microbial process of the nitrogen cycle
University of Technology. In this biological process, which is a redox comproportionation reaction, nitrite and ammonium ions are converted directly into a
Anammox
Group of chemical elements
oxide is a gray to black crystalline solid that can be formed by comproportionation. At high temperatures it undergoes disproportionation. It is a laboratory
Group_7_element
Chemical compound
+2 oxidation state. Solid germanium dichloride can be produced by comproportionation by passing germanium tetrachloride, GeCl4, over germanium metal at
Germanium_dichloride
Chemical compound
700 °C), VCl3 reduces to greenish VCl2. 2 VCl3 + H2 → 2 VCl2 + 2 HCl Comproportionation of vanadium trichloride and vanadium(V) oxides gives vanadium oxydichloride:
Vanadium(III)_chloride
Chemical compound
affords the Re(VII) oxychloride: ReCl5 + 3 Cl2O → ReO3Cl + 5 Cl2 Comproportionation of the penta- and trichloride gives rhenium tetrachloride. Mucker
Rhenium_pentachloride
Class of chemical compounds
are prepared by Friedel-Crafts reaction with thionyl chloride, or comproportionation of an arylsulfonate with the same. For example, toluenesulfinyl chloride
Sulfinyl_halide
Class of chemical compounds
products. As of 2019, diiodine monoxide has finally been synthesized by comproportionation of suspensions of HIO3 and elemental iodine in concentrated sulfuric
Iodine_oxide
bromine-containing acid need not contain oxygen originally, as in this comproportionation reaction: 2 HBrO3 + HBr → 3 HBrO2[citation needed] Bromous acid was
Halous_acid
Chemical compound
temperatures, thorium dioxide can convert to the monoxide either by a comproportionation reaction (equilibrium with liquid thorium metal) above 1,850 K (1
Thorium_monoxide
Polymeric solid with silicon backbone
and Si yields a higher halide SinX2n+2 (n > 1) was in 1871 for the comproportionation reaction of SiCl4 vapor and Si at white heat to give Si2Cl6. This
Polysilicon_halide
used as a catalyst. It adopts the rutile structure. It forms via comproportionation: 2 Re2O7 + 3 Re → 7 ReO2 Single crystals are obtained by chemical
Rhenium_compounds
Any chemical compound having at least one bromine atom
be synthesised by the direct reaction of the elements, or by the comproportionation of bromine and bromine trifluoride at high temperatures. Bromine monochloride
Bromine_compounds
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