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Fundamental law of Syria
Syria has had various constitutions, the first being the Syrian Constitution of 1930. A new Constitutional Declaration was adopted on 13 March 2025, replacing
Constitution_of_Syria
Transitional constitution of Syria since 2025
Declaration of the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic: الإعلان الدستوري للجمهورية العربية السورية), also known as the Interim Constitution of Syria, is the current
Constitutional Declaration of the Syrian Arab Republic
Constitutional_Declaration_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Republic
Country in West Asia
2012 Syrian constitution, the President of Syria was the head of the Syrian state, while the Prime Minister of Syria was nominally the head of government
Syria
Syrian constitution from 1973 to 2012
The 1973 Constitution of Syria was the constitution that governed Ba'athist Syria from 13 March 1973 until 27 February 2012. It describes Syria's character
Syrian_Constitution_of_1973
Syrian constitution from 2012 to 2024
The 2012 Constitution of Syria was the constitution of Ba'athist Syria between 27 February 2012 until the fall of the Assad regime on 8 December 2024.
Syrian_Constitution_of_2012
Head of state and government
Following the withdrawal of French troops from Syria in 1946, Syrian officials approved the Syrian Constitution of 1950, which maintained a parliamentary system
President_of_Syria
French mandate territory (1930–1950)
1946, with the withdrawal of French troops. It was succeeded by the Second Syrian Republic upon the adoption of a new constitution on 5 September 1950. On
First_Syrian_Republic
De facto autonomous region in Syria
December 2016 constitution of the polity uses the name Democratic Federation of Northern Syria (DFNS). On 6 September 2018, the Syrian Democratic Council
Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria
Democratic_Autonomous_Administration_of_North_and_East_Syria
Defunct constitution used in Syria
The Syrian Constitution of 1950, also known as the "Constitution of Independence," was drafted following a 1950 coup by Sami al-Hinnawi. The new government
Syrian_Constitution_of_1950
Syrian constitution under the French Mandate
article: Constitution of Syria (1930) The Syrian Constitution of 1930, drafted by a committee under Ibrahim Hananu, was promulgated by arrêté No. 3111 of High
Syrian_Constitution_of_1930
National flag
Hananu, that drafted the Syrian Constitution of 1930. After gaining full independence from France in 1946, Syria has used a number of different flags, all
Flag_of_Syria
Scenario to end the Syrian Civil War
parts of Syria in 2025. The Rojava conflict led to Kurdish-dominated regions becoming a self-governing federation, Rojava, with a constitution written
Federalization_of_Syria
Syrian Constitution of July 10, 1953 was promulgated following a constitutional referendum under Adib al-Shishakli to replace the Syrian Constitution
Syrian_Constitution_of_1953
Unicameral legislature of Syria
5 February 1929. Article 30 of the 1930 Syrian constitution established a legislative authority known as the Chamber of Deputies, with representatives
People's_Assembly_of_Syria
Provisional government of Syria (2024–2025)
declaration" as a legal reference following the repeal of the 2012 constitution of Ba'athist Syria. On 13 March, he signed a Constitutional Declaration
Syrian_caretaker_government
National government
of Syria is under a unitary presidential system and, as of 2026[update], is in a provisional period led by a transitional government across most of the
Government_of_Syria
Combined military forces of Ba'athist Syria
Army, Syrian Arab Air Force, Syrian Arab Air Defense Force, Syrian Arab Navy. According to the 2012 Constitution of Syria, the President of Syria was the
Syrian Arab Armed Forces (Ba'athist Syria)
Syrian_Arab_Armed_Forces_(Ba'athist_Syria)
Provisional government of Syria since 2025
The Syrian transitional government is the current provisional government of Syria. It was established on 29 March 2025 under President Ahmed al-Sharaa
Syrian transitional government
Syrian_transitional_government
history of Syria covers events which occurred on the territory of the Syrian Arab Republic and in the region of Syria. The territory of the Syrian Arab Republic
History_of_Syria
Provisional constitution
The Constitution of the Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria, officially titled Charter of the Social Contract, is the provisional
Constitution of the Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria
Constitution_of_the_Democratic_Autonomous_Administration_of_North_and_East_Syria
Syrian state from 1950 to 1963
founded on the Syrian Constitution of 1950, which was suspended from 1950 to 1954 under Adib Shishakli's strongmanship, and later when Syria joined with
Second_Syrian_Republic
Arab unity. It served as the governing framework of Syria until the adoption of the 1973 Constitution, which further entrenched Ba’athist rule under President
Syrian Provisional Constitution of 1969
Syrian_Provisional_Constitution_of_1969
Education in the Syrian Arab Republic is given the necessary attention and care by the Syrian state, as the Constitution of Syria guarantees the right
Education_in_Syria
First constitution of Syria
The Syrian Basic Law of 1920 was the first constitution of Syria, adopted during the brief existence of the Arab Kingdom of Syria under King Faisal I
Syrian_Basic_Law_of_1920
2025 Syrian conference after the fall of the Ba'athist-led regime
following the dissolution of the 2012 Syrian constitution. Al-Sharaa declared that he would "pursue the criminals who shed Syrian blood and committed massacres
Syrian Revolution Victory Conference
Syrian_Revolution_Victory_Conference
National flag of Syria (1963–2024)
during the Syrian civil war. The Ba'athist Syrian flag was described in Article 6 of the 2012 Constitution of Syria. The first paragraph of the article
Flag_of_Ba'athist_Syria
Resolution of the Syrian Revolution and Civil War
The Syrian peace process is the ensemble of initiatives and plans to resolve the Syrian civil war. Peace talks were unsuccessful from 2011 until the fall
Syrian_peace_process
loyal to the president. The Ba'ath Party was Syria's ruling party and the previous Syrian constitution of 1973 stated that "the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
Politics_of_Ba'athist_Syria
Offensive spearheaded by the Syrian government
2026, the Syrian transitional government launched an offensive against the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) in the territories of the Democratic
2026 northeastern Syria offensive
2026_northeastern_Syria_offensive
2011–2024 armed conflict in Syria
rallies across Syria, as part of the wider Arab Spring. The Assad regime responded to the protests with lethal force, which led to a series of defections
Syrian_civil_war
United Nations-facilitated constituent assembly process
Ba'athist regime of President Bashar al-Assad and the Syrian opposition, by amending the current or adopting a new Constitution of Syria. The UN hopes that
Syrian Constitutional Committee
Syrian_Constitutional_Committee
Syrian state from 1963 to 2024
Ba'athist Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic (SAR), was the Syrian state between 1963 and 2024 under the one-party rule of the Syrian regional
Ba'athist_Syria
The Syrian Provisional Constitution of 1961 was adopted following the 1961 coup and Syria's seccession from the United Arab Republic. Consisting of only
Syrian Provisional Constitution of 1961
Syrian_Provisional_Constitution_of_1961
role of head of state. Article 3 of the Syrian Constitution of 1930 required that the President be of Muslim faith. The Syrian Constitution of 1973 made
Secularism_in_Syria
of Syria is a developing mixed economy. It was primarily based on agriculture in the country's early years, though it deteriorated after the start of
Economy_of_Syria
The Provisional Constitution of 1964 was enacted by the National Revolutionary Council (NRC) of Ba'athist Syria following internal power struggles within
Syrian Provisional Constitution of 1964
Syrian_Provisional_Constitution_of_1964
Coalition of Syrian opposition groups
National Coalition of Syrian Revolution and Opposition Forces, commonly named the Syrian National Coalition (SNC), or the Syrian National Revolutionary
National Coalition of Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces
National_Coalition_of_Syrian_Revolutionary_and_Opposition_Forces
took place during the Syrian Civil War after the Constitution of Syria had been amended to remove reference to the leadership of the Ba'ath Party. He was
Maher_Hajjar
Political party in Syria
mechanisms of interaction between corporations and communities within Syria. NIACS challenged the sole ruler system by the Constitution of Syria. Despite
National Initiative for Administration and Change in Syria
National_Initiative_for_Administration_and_Change_in_Syria
Head of government of Syria (1920–2025)
head of the Syrian caretaker government from 10 December 2024 to 29 March 2025. In normal circumstances and under the constitution of the Syrian Arab Republic
Prime_Minister_of_Syria
Part of the Syrian peace process
of Syria's chemical weapons began on 14 September 2013 after Syria entered into several international agreements which called for the elimination of Syria's
Destruction of Syria's chemical weapons
Destruction_of_Syria's_chemical_weapons
a "cradle of Christianity". With its roots in the traditions of St. Peter and St. Paul the Apostle, Syria quickly became a major center of early Christianity
Christianity_in_Syria
2025 Syrian Caretaker Government Dialogue Conference
February 2025, as part of the Syrian caretaker government. It aimed to establish a path to national unity following the fall of the Assad regime, focusing
Syrian National Dialogue Conference
Syrian_National_Dialogue_Conference
Presiding officer of Syria's legislature
Syria Minister of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates (Syria) "Article 55". 2012 Constitution of the Syrian Arab Republic. Government of the Syrian Arab Republic
Speaker of the People's Assembly of Syria
Speaker_of_the_People's_Assembly_of_Syria
Neo-Ba'athist political party
declared president of the Syrian transitional government, Ahmed al-Sharaa, along with the 2012 constitution, the People's Assembly, the Syrian Arab Armed Forces
Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region
Arab_Socialist_Ba'ath_Party_–_Syria_Region
presidential election in Syria is planned to take place within five years of the fall of the Assad regime in December 2024. Until then, Syria will be governed
Next Syrian presidential election
Next_Syrian_presidential_election
Constitution of the Soviet Union (1924) Constitution of the Soviet Union (1936) Constitution of the Soviet Union (1977) Syria Syrian Constitution of 1930
List of national constitutions
List_of_national_constitutions
French League of Nations mandate (1925–1930)
bombardment of civilian areas, including Damascus. On May 14, 1930, the State of Syria was declared the Republic of Syria and a new constitution was drafted
State_of_Syria
Former central government of Ba'athist Syria
The Government of Ba'athist Syria, officially the Government of the Syrian Arab Republic, was the national government of Ba'athist Syria. It was formed
Government_of_Ba'athist_Syria
Syrian nationalism. During the formation of the 1928 Constituent Assembly of Syria to draft a constitution, the National Bloc had a majority had insisted
Politics_of_Syria
Counter-Terrorism Court.[citation needed] Syria Justice and Accountability Centre Constitution of Syria Collelo, Thomas, ed. (1988). Syria: a country study. Washington
Judiciary_of_Syria
1919–1920 self-proclaimed state
territory of historical Syria. It was announced on 5 October 1918 as a fully independent Arab constitutional government with the permission of the British
Arab_Kingdom_of_Syria
Religious authority in Syria
local religious leadership. After Syria gained independence in 1946, the office was retained under the constitution of Syria. However, it became more closely
Grand_Mufti_of_Syria
Constitution of the United Arab Republic or the Constitution of 1958 was the constitution for the short-lived political union between Egypt and Syria
Provisional Constitution of the United Arab Republic
Provisional_Constitution_of_the_United_Arab_Republic
Prominent Syrian family
the constitutional assembly who drafted the first constitution of Syria in 1919 were prominent scions of the al-Atassi family, Wasfi al-Atassi and Hashim
Atassi_family
League of Nations mandate
to the provisions of this territory of Djebel Druze is governed by the Constitution, the laws and general regulations of the Syrian Republic ... this
Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon
Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon
On December 19, 2011, the Syrian government agreed to allow foreign observers from the Arab League to monitor Syria's progress in removing troops from
Arab_League_monitors_in_Syria
Article 84 of the Constitution of Syria required that candidates for the presidency must: Be at least 40 years old Be Syrian by birth, of parents who
2014 Syrian presidential election
2014_Syrian_presidential_election
economic hardship. The Constitution of Syria approved in 2012 states that: "Voters shall be the citizens who have completed eighteen years of age and met the
2021 Syrian presidential election
2021_Syrian_presidential_election
Ba'athist-controlled political front in Syria
operate in Syria. The Legislative Decree on Parties law of 2011, Legislative Decree on General Elections Law of 2011 and the new Syrian constitution of 2012
National Progressive Front (Syria)
National_Progressive_Front_(Syria)
Following the fall of the Assad regime on 8 December 2024, Syria has been undergoing a political transition under the framework of a unitary presidential
Cabinet_of_Syria
End of Assadist rule in Syria
as part of the Syrian civil war that began with the Syrian revolution in 2011. The capture of Syria's capital, Damascus, marked the end of the Assad
Fall_of_the_Assad_regime
peace talks for Syria, as of 14 November 2015 known as the talks of the International Syria Support Group (ISSG), were negotiations of foreign powers that
Vienna_peace_talks_for_Syria
parliament of the Syria from 1961 until its dissolution after the Ba'athist-led coup in 1963, tasked with adopting a new constitution following Syria's secession
Constituent and Parliamentary Assembly
Constituent_and_Parliamentary_Assembly
Country in Western Asia
membership of Syria The Syrian Arab Republic is a member of: Constitution of Syria Crime in Syria Human trafficking in Syria Terrorism in Syria Human rights
Outline_of_Syria
Syria, the creation of a new constitution of Syria, and the conduction of a free and fair election within 18 months. United Nations UN envoy to Syria
Geneva peace talks on Syria (2017)
Geneva_peace_talks_on_Syria_(2017)
the Syrian Constitution, the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party of Syria is the leader of the state and society and thus, the President should be a member of the
2007 Syrian presidential election
2007_Syrian_presidential_election
Criminal code of Syria
of the Criminal Code) Coagulants (articles 736-756 of the Criminal Code) Judiciary of Syria Constitution of Syria People's Council of Syria "Syrian Arab
Syrian_Penal_Code
Subdivisions of Syria
Syria is a unitary state, but for administrative purposes, it is divided into fourteen governorates, also called provinces or counties in English (Arabic:
Governorates_of_Syria
Extrajudicial retaliation campaigns against Alawites in Syria
A series of mass killings and massacres against Alawite people occurred in Syria from 6 March 2025 to 17 March 2025, with a resurgence in early April
2025 massacres of Syrian Alawites
2025_massacres_of_Syrian_Alawites
Highest legal body for constitutional review in Syria
Court was established under the Syrian Constitution of 1973 to adjudicate electoral disputes, rule on the constitutionality of a law or decree challenged by
Supreme Constitutional Court (Syria)
Supreme_Constitutional_Court_(Syria)
Syrian political body
non-sectarian governing body, adopting a pathway for the drafting of a new constitution for Syria and holding free elections under UN auspices. The United Nations
Syrian_Negotiation_Commission
(Arabic: حكمت بك الحراكي) was a Syrian nationalist, statesman and one of the original writers of the Syrian constitution. Sayed Hikmat was born in Ma'arrat
Hikmat_al-Hiraki
Demilitarized zone in Syria
the Syrian side of the Syria–Turkey border in August 2019 to maintain security along the border and to dissuade a prospective Turkish invasion of the
Northern_Syria_Buffer_Zone
the People's Assembly, the unicameral legislature of Syria. The role is analogous to that of a member of parliament (MP) or deputy in other systems. Members
Member of the People's Assembly (Syria)
Member_of_the_People's_Assembly_(Syria)
were held in Syria on 7 May 2012 to elect the members of the Syrian People's Council. The elections followed the approval of a new constitution in a referendum
2012 Syrian parliamentary election
2012_Syrian_parliamentary_election
Syrian presidential administration since 2025
tenure as President of Syria began on 29 January 2025, when he was officially appointed by the Syrian General Command at the Syrian Revolution Victory
Presidency_of_Ahmed_al-Sharaa
parliament of the Second Syrian Republic in 1949 and 1950. It was tasked with drafting the new Constitution of the Syrian Republic after the fall of Hosni
1949 Constituent Assembly of Syria
1949_Constituent_Assembly_of_Syria
referendum was held in Syria on 26 February 2012. In response to the Syrian Civil War, President Bashar al-Assad ordered a new constitution to be drafted. The
2012 Syrian constitutional referendum
2012_Syrian_constitutional_referendum
The Syrian opposition boycotted elections that the Ba'athist government conducted during the Syrian civil war. According to the Syrian constitution of 1973
Elections_in_Syria
The constitution of the Syrian Arab Republic guarantees freedom of religion. Syria has had two constitutions: one passed in 1973, and one in 2012 through
Freedom_of_religion_in_Syria
Political party in Syria
people in Syria Listing the Kurdish language as an official language in the constitution of Syria Granting full women's rights in the process of the "development
Kurdish National Alliance in Syria
Kurdish_National_Alliance_in_Syria
Syria war 2011
and rebel Northwest of the country. Turkey and the Syrian opposition proposed a safe zone that includes some regions of northern Syria; however, the United
Safe_Zone_(Syria)
Speaker of the People's Assembly of Syria since 2026
al-Awak (born c. 1966) is a Syrian politician, jurist, and academic who has served as Speaker of the People's Assembly of Syria since 12 July 2026. He is
Abdul_Hamid_al-Awak
Index of articles associated with the same name
Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon. Second Syrian Republic, 1950–1963: 1950–1958: Beginning with the Syrian Constitution of 1950. 1958–1961: Syria joined with
Syrian_Republics
Combined military forces of Syria
They consist of the Syrian Army, Syrian Air Force and Syrian Navy. According to Article 32 of the Constitutional Declaration of the Syrian Arab Republic
Syrian_Armed_Forces
Intended peace negotiations
on Syria, also known as Geneva III, were intended peace negotiations between the Syrian government and opposition in Geneva under the auspices of the
Geneva peace talks on Syria (2016)
Geneva_peace_talks_on_Syria_(2016)
Syrian politician (born 1984)
the 2012 Constitution of Ba'athist Syria suspended following the fall of the Assad regime, the new Constitutional Declaration of the Syrian Arab Republic
Mohammed_al-Bashir
Overview of the events of 2019 in Syria
history of Syria. The Syrian Civil War is an ongoing multi-sided civil war in Syria fought between the Ba'athist Syrian Arab Republic led by Syrian President
2010s_in_Syrian_history
Multinational military agreement
to create a buffer zone in Idlib. In the start of 2018, after ISIL defeat in eastern Syria, the Syrian government and its allies intensified their assault
Idlib demilitarization (2018–2019)
Idlib_demilitarization_(2018–2019)
Peace plan by the Arab League and the UN
for Syria or the six-point peace plan for Syria was launched in March 2012 by the Arab League and the United Nations (UN), when the violent Syrian conflict
Kofi_Annan_Syrian_peace_plan
Syrian groups opposed to the Assad regime during the Syrian revolution
Syrian opposition was an umbrella term for the Syrian revolutionary organizations that opposed Bashar al-Assad's Ba'athist regime during the Syrian revolution
Syrian_opposition_(2011–2024)
1970 coup led by Hafez al-Assad
Hafez al-Assad on 13 November 1970 in Syria. Assad promised to sustain and improve the "nationalist socialist line" of the state and the Ba'ath Party. The
1970_Syrian_coup_d'etat
President of Syria since 2025
Mohammad al-Julani, is a Syrian politician and former rebel commander who has served as the president of Syria since 2025. As the emir of Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham
Ahmed_al-Sharaa
continue to reject the constitution and push for union with Syria until a 1936 treaty between France and Syria made it so Syria would give up all land
Constitution_of_Lebanon
The U.S.–Russia peace proposals on Syria refers to several American–Russian initiatives, including joint United States–Russia proposal issued in May 2013
U.S.–Russia peace proposals on Syria
U.S.–Russia_peace_proposals_on_Syria
Unicameral parliament of Syria (1928-29)
parliament of the State of Syria from 1928 until its dissolution in 1929. It was tasked with writing a constitution for an independent Syrian republic.
1928 Constituent Assembly of Syria
1928_Constituent_Assembly_of_Syria
Government ministry of Syria
Ministry of Education (Arabic: وزارة التربية والتعليم) is a government ministry office responsible for elementary and high school education in Syria. The
Ministry_of_Education_(Syria)
International peace conference aimed at ending Syrian Civil War
conference on the future of Syria with the aim of ending the Syrian Civil War, by bringing together the Syrian government and the Syrian opposition to discuss
Geneva_II_Conference_on_Syria
Ideological indoctrination (1963 to 2024)
promoted particularly militaristic ideas throughout Syria. According to the Constitution of Syria of 1973, Chapter 3: Educational and Cultural Principles
Militarization of the education in Ba'athist Syria
Militarization_of_the_education_in_Ba'athist_Syria
CONSTITUTION OF-SYRIA
CONSTITUTION OF-SYRIA
CONSTITUTION OF-SYRIA
CONSTITUTION OF-SYRIA
CONSTITUTION OF-SYRIA
CONSTITUTION OF-SYRIA
CONSTITUTION OF-SYRIA
CONSTITUTION OF-SYRIA
CONSTITUTION OF-SYRIA