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Nonprofit open digital infrastructure organization
Crossref (formerly styled CrossRef) is a nonprofit open digital infrastructure organization for the global scholarly research community. It is the largest
Crossref
ISO standard unique string identifier for a digital object
creates aliases for existing DOI® names of the form 10/abcde Crossref Metadata Search from CrossRef.org Crossref Simple Text Query from CrossRef.org
Digital_object_identifier
Repository of freely accessible biomedical journal articles
19, 2023. Retrieved October 20, 2023. CrossRef (2009). The Formation of CrossRef: A Short History (PDF). CrossRef. p. 8. Archived (PDF) from the original
PubMed_Central
Archipelago in the Pacific Ocean
original on November 17, 2014. Retrieved December 9, 2009. crossref. "Chooser". chooser.crossref.org. doi:10.1785/0120000060. Archived from the original
Hawaiian_Islands
Alphanumeric technical code
chaired by Veronique Kiermer of PLOS (the former chair was Ed Pentz of Crossref). ORCID is freely usable and interoperable with other ID systems. On 16 October
ORCID
Island country in the Indian Ocean
Historical Studies. 47 (3): 381–397. doi:10.1080/1031461X.2016.1203962 – via CrossRef. Carter, Marina (19 January 2015). Murder and Mayhem in Mauritius: Historical
Mauritius
Non-profit digital library
authors of single-authored papers. JSTOR metadata is available through CrossRef and the Unpaywall dump, which as of 2020 identifies nearly 3 million works
JSTOR
Online patent and academic database
aggregation platform, drawing bibliometric data from various sources such as Crossref, PubMed, Microsoft Academic, and OpenAlex, and integrating them using advanced
The_Lens
Community-led database of research institutions
Research Organization Registry Owners California Digital Library, Crossref and DataCite URL ror.org Launched 2019; 7 years ago (2019) Content license CC0
Research Organization Registry
Research_Organization_Registry
Austroasiatic language
Vietnamese". WORD. 19 (1): 39–52. doi:10.1080/00437956.1963.11659787 – via CrossRef. Scholvin, Vera; Meinschaefer, Judith (2018). "The integration of French
Vietnamese_language
Online archive of e-prints
over 500,000 arXiv URLs as the open access version of a work found in CrossRef data from the publishers, making arXiv a top 10 global host of green open
ArXiv
Search service for journal articles
infrastructures like OpenAlex or the permanent identifiers repositories (CrossRef for DOI, ORCID, etc.) helped the development of these tools. Citation analysis –
Semantic_Scholar
Order of arachnids
sensory system in the solpugid, Chanbria sp. Tissue & Cell 6: 471–485. CrossRef, PubMed Harvey, M. S. 2003. Catalogue of the Smaller Arachnid Orders of
Solifugae
Northeasternmost part of the tropical Atlantic Ocean
& Terrorism. 44 (11): 938–957. doi:10.1080/1057610X.2019.1594660 – via CrossRef. Paes, Lucas de Oliveira (2022). Back Matter (Report). Norwegian Institute
Gulf_of_Guinea
Open-access repository
Preprints.org appear in: Web of Science (Preprint Citation Index) Europe PMC Crossref Google Scholar PrePubMed Portico List of academic databases and search
Preprints.org
Scientific research paper file sharing website
open access works, identified as such beyond the metadata available in CrossRef and Unpaywall. Some requests require the user to enter a CAPTCHA. Papers
Sci-Hub
Scientific search system
Spain concluded that zero-cost The Lens, which combined the data from Crossref, PubMed, Core and OpenAlex, had the largest coverage, with more than 247
Scopus
American academic
forces through CrossRef CrossRef and the research experience CrossRef Search, Serials 17 (3) CrossRef: beyond journal reference linking. CROSSREF: From linking
Amy_Brand
File-sharing website
in sharing research data" The site hosts public metadata releases from Crossref which contain over 120+ million metadata records for scholarly work, each
Academic_Torrents
West African spiritual belief system
2025-10-23. https://ia600708.us.archive.org/view_archive.php?archive=/28/items/crossref-pre-1923-scholarly-works/10.1080%252F0015587x.1914.9718830.zip&file=10
Juju
Independent academic publisher in the Netherlands
trade organizations: STM Association, ALPSP, UKSG, Mediafederatie-MEVW, CrossRef. "[1]". John Benjamins Publishing Company. Retrieved on June 13th, 2025
John Benjamins Publishing Company
John_Benjamins_Publishing_Company
Geographic region in West Asia
51 (1): 212–236. doi:10.1177/03058298221131359. ISSN 0305-8298 – via CrossRef. Bosworth, Edmund (1 January 1986). "The land of Palestine in the late
Palestine_(region)
Poem by John Keats
and Themes." Selected Poems Study Guide from Crossref-It.Info.” Accessed February 9, 2018. http://crossref-it.info/textguide/john-keats-selected-poems/40/3041
When_I_Have_Fears
Cellular body type
Microbiol 62: 19–33. 10.1146/annurev.micro.61.080706.093305 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] Guimaraes AJ, Gomes KX, Cortines JR, Peralta JM, Peralta
Amoeba
British academic and writer (born 1986)
Michigan State University. Previously, Eve was Principal R&D Developer at Crossref from 2023-2024 and Visiting Professor of Digital Humanities at Sheffield
Martin_Paul_Eve
Jennifer. "Preprints growth rate ten times higher than journal articles". Crossref. doi:10.64000/j5z8g-wdw85. Eysenbach, Gunther (2015). "Peer-Review 2.0:
List_of_preprint_repositories
Open catalog of scholarly papers, authors, institutions, venues, and concepts
when a team of researchers found fabricated metadata entered into the Crossref database, which is also sourced by OpenAlex. Metadata in the reported examples
OpenAlex
Stone or wooden slab erected as a marker
(1911): 293. CrossRef. Web. Robinson, Edward. "An Archaic Greek Grave Monument." The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 8.5 (1913): 94. CrossRef. Web. Campbell
Stele
Land area comprising the rim of the Pacific Ocean
Organization. 16 (3–4): 152–173. doi:10.1080/00208825.1986.11656438 – via CrossRef. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Philip-Hughes-4/publication/2887
Pacific_Rim
Subclass of insects
Entomology. 28 (10–12): 145–148. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1953.tb00643.x – via CrossRef. Gullan, P. J.; Cranston, P. S. (3 November 2014). The Insects: An Outline
Pterygota
Preprint service
sources for the dissemination of research on COVID-19. medRxiv is indexed by Crossref, Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, Europe PubMed Central and Web of Science's
MedRxiv
Psychology. 28 (6): 647–666. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9221.2007.00598.x – via CrossRef. Jones, Matthew (January 2, 2022). "'The Blue-Eyed Boys': The Heath Government
United Kingdom and the Vietnam War
United_Kingdom_and_the_Vietnam_War
Chemical element with atomic number 31 (Ga)
045113. Bibcode:2009PhRvB..79d5113V. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.79.045113 – via CrossRef. Bosio, Louis (1 February 1978). "Crystal structures of Ga(II) and Ga(III)"
Gallium
German fairy tale
York: Houghton, Mifflin and Company. 1895. pp. 56-61. "coaccess". apps.crossref.org. doi:10.4159/9780674245822-013. S2CID 242168546. Retrieved 2023-06-17
Snow_White
American sociologist
American Journal of Sociology. 92 (5): 1240–1242. doi:10.1086/228645 – via CrossRef. Ranger, Terence (November 7, 1987). "Revival and Rebellion in Colonial
Karen_Fields
Overview of democracy measures
23 (1): 97–109. doi:10.1080/1350178X.2015.1069372. S2CID 51782149 – via CrossRef. Dahl, Robert A.; Ian Shapiro; José Antônio Cheibub; and Adam Przeworski
Democracy_indices
1970s book series
Transactional Analysis Bulletin. 8 (1): 44. doi:10.1177/036215377800800113 – via CrossRef. Tobin, Bruce Arthur (1983). The Roles of Modeling Theory and Transformational
The_Structure_of_Magic
Pakistani state-owned sports TV channel
Indian Law Review. 4 (3): 316–342. doi:10.1080/24730580.2020.1776037 – via CrossRef. Junaidi, Ikram (5 October 2013). "Senate Committee criticises PTV's decision
PTV_Sports
Academic journal
Humanities, Linguistic Bibliography, Index Islamicus, Scopus, INIST/CNRS, Crossref, Thomson Scientific links. Supplement series : The aim of this series is
Iranica_Antiqua
Family of amphibians
Journal of Developmental Biology, vol. 58, no. 10-11–12, 2014, pp. 819–27. Crossref, doi:10.1387/ijdb.140147rp. Brown, Federico D.; Del Pino, Eugenia M.; Krohne
True_toad
Academic journal
underrepresented backgrounds. In 2025, GigaScience Press won one of the first Crossref Excellence in Metadata awards based on the quality of the metadata published
Gigabyte_(journal)
Blog covering scientific paper retractions
Framework. In 2023, Crossref and Retraction Watch began a collaboration in which Retraction Watch would provide its database and Crossref would process, open
Retraction_Watch
Inorganic compound
Oleum". Inorganic Chemistry. 3 (7): 972–977. doi:10.1021/ic50017a010 – via CrossRef. Kasumov, Takhar M.; Koz'Min, Anatolii S.; Zefirov, Nikolai S. (1997).
Diiodosyl_sulfate
Form of punishment whose main feature is dishonoring or disgracing a person
Journal of Consumer Psychology. 31 (3): 478–500. doi:10.1002/jcpy.1227 – via CrossRef. Frevert, Ute (2020). The politics of humiliation: a modern history (First ed
Public_humiliation
Project for improving citation analysis
improved citation analysis. The citations are stored in Crossref and are made available through the Crossref REST API. They are also available from the OpenCitations
Initiative_for_Open_Citations
Published written work
or advanced online publication (AOP) (for example, in the context of CrossRef). The version of record (VoR) represents the definitive form of the article
Article_(publishing)
Perspectives. 32 (3): 87–112. doi:10.1257/jep.32.3.87. hdl:10230/35942 – via CrossRef. Fuentes, Agustin (6 January 2010). "The new biological anthropology: Bringing
History_of_science
Academic journal
Central, and Medline. It is member of OASPA, DOAJ, CLOCKSS, COPE, ORCID, Crossref. As of June 2025, Life Science Alliance has received an impact factor of
Life_Science_Alliance
Manufacturing process used to create integrated circuits
pp. 1–33. doi:10.1002/9781119963677.ch1. ISBN 978-0-470-66254-0 – via CrossRef. Li, Z.; Tian, Y.; Teng, C.; Cao, H. (2020). "Recent Advances in Barrier
Semiconductor device fabrication
Semiconductor_device_fabrication
Retrieved 19 May 2022. "Retraction Watch Database". Retraction Watch. Crossref. Retrieved 29 April 2025. Broad WJ (June 1980). "Would-be academician pirates
List of scientific misconduct incidents
List_of_scientific_misconduct_incidents
Island in Kilwa District of Lindi Region
(3): 458–477. doi:10.1080/00438243.2011.608287. S2CID 161668324 – via CrossRef. "Watiro Island". geoview.info. Pollard, Edward (March 1, 2016). "Interpreting
Watiro_Island
Online database of integer sequences
p=2, n, (1 - X*p^2) / (1 - X))[n])} /* Michael Somos, Jan 11 2014 */ CROSSREFS Cf. A007434, A027641, A027642, A063453, A023900. Cf. A027748. Sequence
On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences
On-Line_Encyclopedia_of_Integer_Sequences
1986 limnic eruption in Cameroon
Eruption." Frontiers in Earth Science, vol. 10, May 2022, p. 766791. DOI.org (Crossref), https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.766791. Cotel, Aline J. (March 1999)
Lake_Nyos_disaster
Connected group of individuals
(PDF) from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2023 – via CrossRef. Lenski & Lenski 1987, pp. 164–166. Lenski & Lenski 1987, pp. 166–172.
Society
Extracted combustible fraction of municipal and other solid waste
979V. doi:10.1080/10643380802586980. hdl:1826/6847. S2CID 110958033 – via CrossRef. Williams, P. (1998) Waste Treatment and Disposal. John Wiley and Sons
Refuse-derived_fuel
Species of harvestman
descriptions of twelve new species". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 156 (2): 260–318. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00446.x – via CrossRef. v t e
Cyphophthalmus_gordani
Government system where political power lies with the people
Political Studies. 46 (7): 823–850. doi:10.1177/0010414012463883 – via CrossRef. Kasuya, Yuko; Reilly, Benjamin (4 July 2023). "The shift to consensus
Democracy
Alleged alien abduction in 1961
71°39′50″W / 43.90861°N 71.66389°W / 43.90861; -71.66389 "coaccess". apps.crossref.org. doi:10.1215/9780822387015-002. S2CID 192125982. Archived from the
Barney and Betty Hill incident
Barney_and_Betty_Hill_incident
Canadian chemist
(7): v–vi. Bibcode:2020CaJCh..98D...5B. doi:10.1139/cjc-2020-0179 – via CrossRef. "James Wuest". Institut Courtois. Simard, Michel; Su, Dan; Wuest, James
James_Wuest
Surgical instrument or medical implement used to expand an opening or passage
29 e940127. doi:10.12659/MSM.940127. PMC 10314719. PMID 37368878 – via CrossRef. Chang, Sung Wook (2022). "Central venous catheterization into the femoral
Dilator_(medical_instrument)
Species of venomous snake
Are Used for Prey Capture." Toxins, vol. 13, no. 2, Feb. 2021, p. 112. Crossref, doi:10.3390/toxins13020112. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pseudocerastes
Spider-tailed_horned_viper
2307/3031546. JSTOR 3031546. S2CID 150062964. Retrieved 9 December 2023 – via CrossRef. Eisenstadt, Peter (2005). The Encyclopedia of New York State. Syracuse
African Americans in New York (state)
African_Americans_in_New_York_(state)
Indian academic
Dysgraphia". SN Computer Science. 6 (5). doi:10.1007/s42979-025-03927-0 – via Crossref. Govindaraju, Venu. "Discovery of Self". Venu Govindaraju, Discovery of
Venu_Govindaraju
aggregation platform, drawing bibliometric data from various sources such as Crossref, PubMed, Microsoft Academic, and OpenAlex, and integrating them using advanced
List of academic databases and search engines
List_of_academic_databases_and_search_engines
Yes Yes No Various, any Z39.50 JabRef Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes ACM Portal, CrossRef, DBLP, DOAJ, DOI, GVK, Google Scholar, INSPIRE-HEP, Medline, MathSciNet
Comparison of reference management software
Comparison_of_reference_management_software
Academic rankings website
data from publicly available sources such as Google Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref, and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System. Baggerly, Cody (November
Research.com
Pakistani textile company
Management Cases. 17 (2): 188–210. doi:10.1177/0972820120927192 – via CrossRef. Naqvi, Hassan (10 February 2020). "Neck-deep in debt, is ChenOne and its
Chenab_Limited
Database of educational and research organizations
Name Relation Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) France Crossref United States (U.S.) and United Kingdom (UK) European Tertiary Education
Global Research Identifier Database
Global_Research_Identifier_Database
Neutrinoless double beta decay experiment
025002. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.95.025002. "pendingpublications". apps.crossref.org. doi:10.1103/25tk-nctn. Retrieved 2025-11-08. Abritta Costa, I.; Budano
Large Enriched Germanium Experiment for Neutrinoless BB Decay
Large_Enriched_Germanium_Experiment_for_Neutrinoless_BB_Decay
Biogeographic marine region of Earth
Indo-Pacific". The Pacific Review: 1–29. doi:10.1080/09512748.2025.2546013 – via CrossRef. "Opinion | US treatment of Indo-Pacific allies could de-escalate ties
Indo-Pacific
". The German Quarterly. 96 (2): 163–179. doi:10.1111/gequ.12333 – via CrossRef. "Duitsland §6. Geschiedenis". Encarta Encyclopedie Winkler Prins (in Dutch)
List of wars involving Germany
List_of_wars_involving_Germany
Legal and scientific dispute over 2021 Nature paper by Google
1038/s41586-021-03544-w. PMID 34108699. Retrieved 2026-01-30. Change history on CrossRef Joelving, Fredrik (2023-09-26). "Nature flags doubts over Google AI study
AlphaChip_(controversy)
British geologist
Society. 21: 485–495. November 2, 1975. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1975.0015 – via CrossRef. "Fertilizer Manufacture in East Africa". Nature. 162 (4118): 522. October
Kenneth_Arthur_Davies
Marine animals, subphylum of chordates
Bibcode:2018Palgy..61..575W. doi:10.1111/pala.12356. S2CID 135456629 – via CrossRef. Syvanen, M.; Ducore, J. (2010). "Whole genome comparisons reveals a possible
Tunicate
Hypothetical quantum cosmological effect
5251. Bibcode:2012IJMPD..2142023C. doi:10.1142/S0218271812420230 – via CrossRef. Nature, Research Communities by Springer (March 14, 2018). "Hawking-Bekenstein
Hawking_radiation
American epigraphist and historian of Arabic
Archived from the original on June 23, 2024. Retrieved June 14, 2024 – via CrossRef. Al-Jallad, Ahmad; Jaworska, Karolina (2019). A Dictionary of the Safaitic
Ahmad_Al-Jallad
Chemical element with atomic number 80 (Hg)
Journal of Chemical Physics. 11 (7): 330–333. doi:10.1063/1.1723851 – via CrossRef. Waseda, Y; Miller, W.A. (1979). "The structure of liquid mercury over
Mercury_(element)
British academic working in road traffic injury prevention
Health. 21 (1): 1–19. doi:10.1080/13557858.2014.985637. PMID 25494665 – via CrossRef. Yadav, Sajjan S.; Edwards, Phil; Porter, John (3 May 2021). "The incidence
Phil_Edwards_(statistician)
British geographer
in Human Geography. 38 (2): 319–329. doi:10.1177/0309132513500759 – via CrossRef. Howard, Mark R. S. (December 7, 2023). "Book Reviews: Rentier Capitalism:
Brett_Christophers
Part of the Canterbury Tales
searching, and study Archived 7 May 2010 at the Wayback Machine – texts.crossref-it.info "The Pardoner's Tale" – a plain-English retelling for non-scholars
The_Pardoner's_Tale
Type of musical scale
flute". Nature. doi:10.1038/news041213-14. Retrieved June 21, 2026 – via CrossRef. June Skinner Sawyers (2000). Celtic Music: A Complete Guide. United States:
Pentatonic_scale
Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, vol. 16, no. 04, Dec. 2024. DOI.org (Crossref), https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v16n4.07. pp. 4-6. Rashid Vp, Mohamed
Media portrayals of transgender people
Media_portrayals_of_transgender_people
Type of natural disaster
Eruption." Frontiers in Earth Science, vol. 10, May 2022, p. 766791. DOI.org (Crossref), https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.766791. Sigurdsson, H.; Devine, J
Limnic_eruption
German volcanologist (1937–2024)
6657–6667. Bibcode:1982JGR....87.6657R. doi:10.1029/JB087iB08p06657 – via CrossRef. Hall, James M. (5 July 1983). "Cyprus Crustal Study Project". Eos, Transactions
Hans-Ulrich_Schmincke
Lithuanian political party
84, No.3 (May- Jun., 2005) Published by Council on Foreign Relations::https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/20034348?origin=crossref Official website
Centre-Right_Union
District in Moscow, Russia
interactive map of archaeological research". Археология и геоинформатика. Crossref. doi:10.25681/iaras.2019.978-5-94375-289-6.111-112. "Префектура СВАО города
Otradnoye_District
British geologist
23, 1934. Bibcode:1934PYGS...22..316.. doi:10.1144/pygs.22.4.316 – via CrossRef. "Proceedings, Session 1936-37". Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society
Wilfrid_Norman_Edwards
Official version of an article, published by a publisher
Wilkinson, Laura J. "Version control, corrections, and retractions". Crossref. Retrieved 2021-01-25. Haustein, Stefanie; Bowman, Timothy D.; Costas,
Version_of_record
Decrease of pH levels in the ocean
edited by Hans G. Dam, vol. 17, no. 4, Apr. 2022, p. e0267228. DOI.org (Crossref), https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267228. Chan, Francis; Barth, John;
Ocean_acidification
Groove in the superior border of the scapula, for the suprascapular nerve to pass through
PMID 23931789, retrieved 2020-10-19 Wilkinson, Laura J. "Defunct DOI". Crossref. doi:10.1016/b978-032304184-3.50050-9. Retrieved 2020-10-19. Molloy, Robert
Suprascapular_notch
Economic policies under the governments of Keizō Obuchi and Yoshirō Mori
of Industrial Relations. 54 (3): 473–495. doi:10.1111/bjir.12132 – via CrossRef. https://www.tni.org/files/publication-downloads/tni-asia-finance-and-
Obuchinomics
Growing crops in stacked layers
658–667. Bibcode:1973WRR.....9..658T. doi:10.1029/WR009i003p00658 – via CrossRef. S.L. Davis (2001). "The least harm principle suggests that humans should
Vertical_farming
Historian, academic and author
Higher Learning. 51 (6): 45–51. doi:10.1080/00091383.2019.1674107 – via CrossRef. "Gen Z Is Ready to Talk. Are Professors Ready to Listen?". Mintz, Steven
Melinda_Zook
Japanese bacteriologist (1876–1928)
general paralysis. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 1924; 12: 419–425– Crossref. Brown EM. Why Wagner-Jauregg won the Nobel Prize for discovering malaria
Hideyo_Noguchi
Academic journal
Open Access Journals, Cabell’s Scholarly Analytics, Google Scholar, and Crossref. The journal's first JCR impact factor (IF) of 1.2 was recorded in 2022
Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal
Rambam_Maimonides_Medical_Journal
Societal problems that disrupt mental health
Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 35, no. 4, August 2006, pp. 888–901. DOI.org (Crossref), doi:10.1093/ije/dyl056. Schmitt, Michael T., et al. "The Consequences
Social determinants of mental health
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Taxpayer Receipt." Journal of Politics 80 (2): 701 – 6. Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat Kendall, D. y J. Kessler (2010), “A Taxpayer Receipt”
Taxpayer_receipt
Belgian linguist, academic, and author (born 1952)
Linguistic Anthropology. 5 (2): 127–156. doi:10.1525/jlin.1995.5.2.127 – via CrossRef. Verschueren, Jef (March 6, 2001). "Predicaments of Criticism". Critique
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American economist (born 1946)
Economist. 66 (1): 8. March 17, 2021. doi:10.1177/0569434520980962 – via CrossRef. "The BBVA Foundation recognizes Claudia Goldin for pioneering analysis
Claudia_Goldin
Online community of automobile enthusiasts in Pakistan
Management Cases. 14 (2): 137–159. doi:10.1177/0972820117712315 – via CrossRef. Zaheer, Farhan (2015-04-26). "Pakwheels.com: 'Aiming to be a billion-dollar
PakWheels
CROSSREF
CROSSREF
CROSSREF
CROSSREF
Girl/Female
Australian
Friends to All
Boy/Male
Scottish
Rocky eminence.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Love
Girl/Female
Biblical
Praising, conferring.
Boy/Male
Indian, Telugu
Lord Shiva; Weapon of Siva (Trishul); The Horse of Surya
Boy/Male
Tamil
Son, Delightful
Boy/Male
Hindu
Guarding
Boy/Male
Hindu
Boy/Male
American, Australian, Bengali, British, Christian, Danish, English, French, Gaelic, German, Indian, Latin, Scottish, Swedish
Devotee of Saint Columba; A Dove; Saint Columb's Disciple; Columba's Servant
Girl/Female
Tamil
Blessing, Living An enjoyable life, Belonging to one
CROSSREF
CROSSREF
CROSSREF
CROSSREF
CROSSREF