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Yes/no problem in computer science
a decision problem is a computational problem that can be posed as a yes–no question on a set of input values. An example of a decision problem is deciding
Decision_problem
Thought experiment
philosophy and mathematics, Newcomb's problem, also known as Newcomb's paradox, is a thought experiment posing a decision problem in which a player must decide
Newcomb's_problem
Process to choose a course of action
Research about decision-making is also published under the label problem solving, particularly in European psychological research. Decision-making can be
Decision-making
Mathematical model for sequential decision making under uncertainty
Markov decision process (MDP) is a mathematical model for sequential decision making when outcomes are uncertain. It is a type of stochastic decision process
Markov_decision_process
Complexity class used to classify decision problems
a complexity class used to classify decision problems. NP is the set of decision problems for which the problem instances, where the answer is "yes"
NP_(complexity)
Problem in combinatorial optimization
knapsack problem has been studied for more than a century, with early works dating back to 1897. The subset sum problem is a special case of the decision and
Knapsack_problem
Inherent difficulty of computational problems
Decision problems are one of the central objects of study in computational complexity theory. A decision problem is a type of computational problem where
Computational complexity theory
Computational_complexity_theory
Yes-or-no question that cannot ever be solved by a computer
theory and computational complexity theory, an undecidable problem is a decision problem for which it is proved to be impossible to construct an algorithm
Undecidable_problem
Necessary condition for optimality associated with dynamic programming
a decision problem at a certain point in time is written in terms of the payoff from some initial choices and the "value" of the remaining decision problem
Bellman_equation
Impossible task in computing
mathematics and computer science, the Entscheidungsproblem (German for 'decision problem'; pronounced [ɛntˈʃaɪ̯dʊŋspʁoˌbleːm]) is a challenge posed by David
Entscheidungsproblem
Problem in computer science
In computability theory, the halting problem is the decision problem of, given an arbitrary computer program and an input, determining whether said program
Halting_problem
Generalization of a Markov decision process
model a variety of real-world sequential decision processes. Applications include robot navigation problems, machine maintenance, and planning under uncertainty
Partially observable Markov decision process
Partially_observable_Markov_decision_process
Unsolved problem in computer science
Unsolved problem in computer science If the solution to a problem can be checked in polynomial time, must the problem be solvable in polynomial time? More
P_versus_NP_problem
Mathematical problem involving optimal stopping theory
probability, statistics, and decision theory. It is also known as the marriage problem, the sultan's dowry problem, the fussy suitor problem, the googol game, and
Secretary_problem
Information systems supporting business or organizational decision-making activities
make decisions about problems that may be rapidly changing and not easily specified in advance—i.e., unstructured and semi-structured decision problems. Decision
Decision_support_system
Problem of determining if a Boolean formula could be made true
natural decision and optimization problems, are at most as difficult to solve as SAT. There is no known algorithm that efficiently solves each SAT problem (where
Boolean satisfiability problem
Boolean_satisfiability_problem
Mathematical and computational problem
semiconductor chip design. Computationally, the problem is NP-hard, and the corresponding decision problem, deciding if items can fit into a specified number
Bin_packing_problem
Complexity class
when: It is a decision problem, meaning that for any input to the problem, the output is either "yes" or "no". Each input to the problem is associated
NP-completeness
Decision support tool
A decision tree is a decision support recursive partitioning structure that uses a tree-like model of decisions and their possible consequences, including
Decision_tree
Type of computational problem
problem is a computational problem where a single output is expected for every input, but the output is more complex than that of a decision problem.
Function_problem
Mathematical problem
The Sleeping Beauty problem, also known as the Sleeping Beauty paradox, is a puzzle in decision theory in which an ideally rational epistemic agent is
Sleeping_Beauty_problem
Task of computing complete subgraphs
enlarged), and solving the decision problem of testing whether a graph contains a clique larger than a given size. The clique problem arises in the following
Clique_problem
Branch of applied probability theory
testing and parameter estimation, are special cases of the general decision problem. Wald's paper renewed and synthesized many concepts of statistical
Decision_theory
Subfield of mathematical optimization
introduce suitable decision problems, the problem is then more naturally characterized as an optimization problem. An NP-optimization problem (NPO) is a combinatorial
Combinatorial_optimization
Set of problems in computational complexity theory
computational problem, a model of computation, and a bounded resource like time or memory. In particular, most complexity classes consist of decision problems that
Complexity_class
Problem of finding the best feasible solution
could introduce suitable decision problems, the problem is more naturally characterized as an optimization problem. Counting problem (complexity) – Type of
Optimization_problem
Problem a computer might be able to solve
representation. A decision problem is a computational problem where the answer for every instance is either yes or no. An example of a decision problem is primality
Computational_problem
Complexity class
solve than all problems in NP, but they are probably not NP-hard (unless P=NP). A decision problem H is NP-hard when for every problem L in NP, there
NP-hardness
Complexity class
set of the counting problems associated with the decision problems in the set NP. More formally, #P is the class of function problems of the form "compute
♯P
Decision problem in computer science
The subset sum problem (SSP) is a decision problem in computer science. In its most general formulation, there is a multiset S {\displaystyle S} of integers
Subset_sum_problem
Thought experiment in ethics
the dual-process account of moral decision-making. Since then, numerous other studies have employed trolley problems to study moral judgement, investigating
Trolley_problem
Type of decision problem in computer science
In computational complexity theory, a decision problem is PSPACE-complete if it can be solved using an amount of memory that is polynomial in the input
PSPACE-complete
Operations research that evaluates multiple conflicting criteria in decision making
structuring and solving decision and planning problems involving multiple criteria. The purpose is to support decision-makers facing such problems. Typically, there
Multiple-criteria decision analysis
Multiple-criteria_decision_analysis
Quality of a decision in the moment
efficiency in analyzing decision problems. In that sense, decision quality can be seen as an extension to decision analysis. Decision quality also describes
Decision_quality
Computational problems no algorithm can solve
In computability theory, an undecidable problem is a decision problem for which an effective method (algorithm) to derive the correct answer does not
List_of_undecidable_problems
the more commonly known problems that are NP-complete when expressed as decision problems. As there are thousands of such problems known, this list is in
List_of_NP-complete_problems
Computation model defining an abstract machine
in particular, the uncomputability of the Entscheidungsproblem, or 'decision problem' (whether every mathematical statement is provable or disprovable)
Turing_machine
Problem of finding the longest simple path for a given graph
path problem, which can be solved in polynomial time in graphs without negative-weight cycles, the longest path problem is NP-hard and the decision version
Longest_path_problem
On short connecting nets with added points
minimum spanning tree problem are solvable in polynomial time, no such solution is known for the Steiner tree problem. Its decision variant, asking whether
Steiner_tree_problem
Technique for making decisions
articulate and work through the decision problem, from initial recognition of the need through to communication of the decision and the thinking behind it
Business_decision_mapping
Here are some of the more commonly known problems that are PSPACE-complete when expressed as decision problems. This list is in no way comprehensive. Generalized
List of PSPACE-complete problems
List_of_PSPACE-complete_problems
Set of objects whose state must satisfy limits
allocation. The existence of a solution to a CSP can be viewed as a decision problem. This can be decided by finding a solution, or failing to find a solution
Constraint satisfaction problem
Constraint_satisfaction_problem
Type of computational problem
In computational complexity theory, a promise problem is a generalization of a decision problem where the input is promised to belong to a particular
Promise_problem
Problem optimization method
problem by breaking it down into simpler sub-problems in a recursive manner. While some decision problems cannot be taken apart this way, decisions that
Dynamic_programming
Undecidable decision problem introduced by Emil Post
correspondence problem is an undecidable decision problem that was introduced by Emil Post in 1946. Because it is simpler than the halting problem and the
Post_correspondence_problem
Mathematical optimization problem
The minimum-cost flow problem (MCFP) is an optimization and decision problem to find the cheapest possible way of sending a certain amount of flow through
Minimum-cost_flow_problem
Decision problem
isomorphism problem is the decision problem of determining whether two given finite group presentations refer to isomorphic groups. The isomorphism problem was
Group_isomorphism_problem
Problem on words in group theory
In abstract algebra, the conjugacy problem for a group G with a given presentation is the decision problem of determining, given two words x and y in
Conjugacy_problem
non-emptiness problem, also known as finite automaton intersection problem or the non-emptiness of intersection problem, is a PSPACE-complete decision problem from
Intersection non-emptiness problem
Intersection_non-emptiness_problem
In computer science, the matrix mortality problem (or mortal matrix problem) is a decision problem that asks, given a set of size m of n×n matrices with
Matrix_mortality_problem
Set of decision problems
In computational complexity theory, EXPSPACE is the set of all decision problems solvable by a deterministic Turing machine in exponential space, i.e
EXPSPACE
Abstract machine used to study decision problems
entity capable of solving some problem, which for example may be a decision problem or a function problem. The problem does not have to be computable;
Oracle_machine
Complexity class
In computational complexity theory, co-NP is a complexity class. A decision problem X is a member of co-NP if and only if its complement X is in the complexity
Co-NP
Class in computational complexity theory
set of decision problems decidable in polylogarithmic time on a parallel computer with a polynomial number of processors. In other words, a problem with
NC_(complexity)
Problem in theoretical computer science
formulated as a decision problem. The input to the decision problem is a pair of graphs G {\displaystyle G} and H. The answer to the problem is positive if
Subgraph_isomorphism_problem
probability when making a decision under uncertainty. Non-adaptive choice switching: After experiencing a bad outcome with a decision problem, the tendency to
List_of_cognitive_biases
Classical problem in combinatorics
whose union is U {\displaystyle {\mathcal {U}}} . In the set cover decision problem, the input is a pair ( U , S ) {\displaystyle ({\mathcal {U}},{\mathcal
Set_cover_problem
or STCON is a decision problem asking, for vertices s and t in a directed graph, if t is reachable from s. Formally, the decision problem is given by PATH
St-connectivity
Type of computational problem
a counting problem is a type of computational problem that is obtained by strengthening a decision problem. For example, the SAT problem asks: "Given
Counting_problem_(complexity)
NP-hard problem in combinatorial optimization
purchaser problem, the vehicle routing problem and the ring star problem are three generalizations of TSP. The decision version of the TSP (where given a length
Travelling_salesman_problem
Declarative logic programming language
complexity of the decision problem when A and E are inputs and R is fixed. The program complexity is the complexity of the decision problem when A and R are
Datalog
Computational complexity class of problems
theory, bounded-error quantum polynomial time (BQP) is the class of decision problems solvable by a quantum computer in polynomial time, with an error probability
BQP
American mathematician and computer scientist (1903–1995)
Church–Turing thesis, proving the unsolvability of the Entscheidungsproblem ("decision problem"), the Frege–Church ontology, and the Church–Rosser theorem. Alongside
Alonzo_Church
Software design decisions that address architecturally significant requirements
a. design problem, decision required) for which several potential solutions (a.k.a. options, alternatives) exist. An architectural decision captures the
Architectural_decision
Process of decline in quality of decisions over time
In decision making and psychology, decision fatigue refers to the deteriorating quality of decisions made by an individual after a long session of decision
Decision_fatigue
Information theorem
maximizing decision maker prefers information structure σ {\displaystyle \sigma } over σ ′ {\displaystyle \sigma '} , for any decision problem. The result
Blackwell's informativeness theorem
Blackwell's_informativeness_theorem
Topics referred to by the same term
Word problem (mathematics), a decision problem for algebraic identities in mathematics and computer science Word problem for groups, the problem of recognizing
Word_problem
Decision problem in graph theory
The digraph realization problem is a decision problem in graph theory. Given pairs of nonnegative integers ( ( a 1 , b 1 ) , … , ( a n , b n ) ) {\displaystyle
Digraph_realization_problem
Problem of grouping into triples
following decision problem: given a set T and an integer k, decide whether there exists a 3-dimensional matching M ⊆ T with |M| ≥ k. This decision problem is
3-dimensional_matching
Whether a decision problem has an effective method to derive the answer
In logic, a true/false decision problem is decidable if there exists an effective method for deriving the correct answer. Logical systems are decidable
Decidability_(logic)
Theory in industrial and organizational psychology
collects required information from followers, then makes decision alone. Problem or decision may or may not be informed to followers. Here, followers'
Vroom–Yetton_decision_model
Hypersurface used by a classification algorithm
In a statistical-classification problem with two classes, a decision boundary or decision surface is a hypersurface that partitions the underlying vector
Decision_boundary
Subset of a graph's vertices, including at least one endpoint of every edge
optimization problem that has an approximation algorithm. Its decision version, the vertex cover problem, was one of Karp's 21 NP-complete problems and is therefore
Vertex_cover
set of function problems that are solvable in polynomial time by a deterministic Turing machine with an oracle for some decision problem in NP. In other
NP-easy
Type of software that helps make decisions
"at various stages of the decision-making process, including problem exploration and formulation, identification of decision alternatives and solution
Decision-making_software
Decomposition of a number into a product
complexity classes such as P, NP, and co-NP, the problem has to be stated as a decision problem. Decision problem (Integer factorization)—For every natural numbers
Integer_factorization
Sequence of operations for a task
automated decision-making) and deduce valid inferences (referred to as automated reasoning). In contrast, a heuristic is an approach to solving problems without
Algorithm
Class of computational problems
delimiter). Unbounded search operator Decision problem Optimization problem Counting problem (complexity) Function problem Search games Luca Trevisan (2010)
Search_problem
Structured technique for organizing and analyzing complex decisions
a "correct" decision, the AHP helps decision makers find the decision that best suits their goal and their understanding of the problem. It provides
Analytic_hierarchy_process
Classic NP-complete problem in computer science
science, the circuit satisfiability problem (also known as CIRCUIT-SAT, CircuitSAT, CSAT, etc.) is the decision problem of determining whether a given Boolean
Circuit satisfiability problem
Circuit_satisfiability_problem
Complexity class
predicate decidable in polynomial time). It is the function problem version of the decision problem class P. Roughly speaking, it is the class of functions
FP_(complexity)
Mathematical problem in cryptography
search problem, the decision version can be solved easily: just feed the input samples for the decision problem to the solver for the search problem. Denote
Learning_with_errors
Class of problems in computer science
In complexity theory, PP, or PPT is the class of decision problems solvable by a probabilistic Turing machine in polynomial time, with an error probability
PP_(complexity)
Estimate of time taken for running an algorithm
class of decision problems that can be solved on a deterministic Turing machine in polynomial time NP: The complexity class of decision problems that can
Time_complexity
Class of computational complexity
science In computational complexity theory, PSPACE is the set of all decision problems that can be solved by a Turing machine using a polynomial amount of
PSPACE
List of values for comparison
importance. The term decision matrix is used to describe a multiple-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) problem. An MCDA problem, where there are M alternative
Decision_matrix
Problem of finding a cycle through all vertices of a graph
the analogous decision problem is to test whether a Hamiltonian cycle or path exists. The directed and undirected Hamiltonian cycle problems were two of
Hamiltonian_path_problem
Algorithmic complexity class
class EXPTIME (sometimes called EXP or DEXPTIME) is the set of all decision problems that are solvable by a deterministic Turing machine in exponential
EXPTIME
polynomial-time decision problems. Formally, a decision problem is NL-complete when it belongs to NL, and has the additional property that every other decision problem
NL-complete
Process of achieving a goal by overcoming obstacles
managerial problem solving physical problem solving mathematical problem solving mechanical problem solving personal problem solving political decision making
Problem_solving
consists of the decision problems that can be solved in time bounded by an elementary recursive function. Equivalently, these are the problems that can be
ELEMENTARY
Problem in graph theory
of the decision problem was one of Karp's 21 NP-complete problems; Karp showed the NP-completeness by a reduction from the partition problem. The canonical
Maximum_cut
Method for solving one problem using another
languages. Every decision problem in P (the class of polynomial-time decision problems) may be reduced to every other nontrivial decision problem (where nontrivial
Polynomial-time_reduction
Class of problems solvable in polynomial time
DTIME(nO(1)), is a fundamental complexity class. It contains all decision problems that can be solved by a deterministic Turing machine using a polynomial
P_(complexity)
Decision game that puts students in the role of the commander of a tactical unit
tactical decision game is a decision game that puts students in the role of the commander of a tactical unit who is faced with a challenging problem. While
Tactical_decision_game
Problem that is difficult or impossible to solve
In planning and policy, a wicked problem is a problem that is difficult or impossible to solve because of incomplete, contradictory, and changing requirements
Wicked_problem
Complexity class
complexity theory, the complexity class FNP is the function problem extension of the decision problem class NP. The name is somewhat of a misnomer, since technically
FNP_(complexity)
gap reduction is a reduction to a particular type of decision problem, known as a c-gap problem. Such reductions provide information about the hardness
Gap_reduction
Decision-making model
experience among decision-makers (in order to correctly recognize the salient features of a problem and model solutions) and the problem of the failure
Recognition-primed_decision
Decision problem pertaining to equivalence of expressions
extended it to a wide range of group-theoretic decision problems. 1914 (1914): Axel Thue poses the word problem for finitely presented semigroups. 1930 (1930) –
Word_problem_(mathematics)
DECISION PROBLEM
DECISION PROBLEM
Boy/Male
Finnish, German
Advice; Decision Protection
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from the personal name Dennis.Possibly an Americanized form of cognates in other languages, for example Russian Denisov, from Denis, or Ukrainian Denysevich, from Denys.
Boy/Male
British, Danish, English, German
Wolf; Advice; Decision
Boy/Male
Australian, Basque, Jamaican
Advise; Decision and Protector
Boy/Male
Australian, Danish, Dutch, French, Swedish
Fox; Advice; Decision
Boy/Male
Muslim
Decision
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Clever; Own Decision Maker
Boy/Male
Tamil
Decision, Confirmed
Boy/Male
Australian, German, Irish, Teutonic
Protecting Hands; Decision Protector
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Decision Maker
Boy/Male
Tamil
Nishchay | நிஷà¯à®šà®¯Â
Decision, Confirmed
Nishchay | நிஷà¯à®šà®¯Â
Boy/Male
Hindu
Decision, Confirmed
Boy/Male
English
Dennis' son.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Decision of God
Boy/Male
Indian
Decision
Boy/Male
British, English, Indian, Tamil
Master; Dennis' Son
Boy/Male
Indian, Tamil
Danger
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Decision
Girl/Female
Danish, German, Norse, Swedish
Powerful Warrior; Advice; Decision
Boy/Male
Hindu
Decision, Confirmed
DECISION PROBLEM
DECISION PROBLEM
Male
Arthurian
, Arthur's second-best sword.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Yashasvini | யஷஸà¯à®µà®¿à®¨à¯€
Victorious, Glorious, Famous, Successful
Boy/Male
Spanish
The Spanish form of Charles; meaning strong or manly, occasionally used in English-speaking...
Girl/Female
Hindu
Limit
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Lord Rama
Boy/Male
Arabic, Hindu, Indian, Malaysian, Muslim
The Praised One
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Jubilant; Jovial
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Rich in Herds
Girl/Female
Muslim
Life
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Cool breeze of the morning
DECISION PROBLEM
DECISION PROBLEM
DECISION PROBLEM
DECISION PROBLEM
DECISION PROBLEM
adv.
Without decision.
n.
The act of revising; reexamination for correction; review; as, the revision of a book or writing, or of a proof sheet; a revision of statutes.
n.
Derision; mockery.
n.
A head or chief over ten; especially, an officer who commanded a division of ten soldiers.
n.
Decision; judgment; opinion; a court decision.
n.
Determination; decision; arbitration.
n.
Final decision; determination; result.
n.
The state of decision; a judicial decision, or ending of controversy.
n.
The act of deciding; act of settling or terminating, as a controversy, by giving judgment on the matter at issue; determination, as of a question or doubt; settlement; conclusion.
n.
Cutting off; division; detachment of a part.
n.
An account or report of a conclusion, especially of a legal adjudication or judicial determination of a question or cause; as, a decision of arbitrators; a decision of the Supreme Court.
n.
The act of cutting off.
n.
An incision into the rectum, as for the division of a stricture.
a.
Marked by promptness and decision.
n.
Opinion; decision.
n.
The quality of being decided; prompt and fixed determination; unwavering firmness; as, to manifest great decision.
n.
An object of derision or scorn; a laughing-stock.
v. t.
Briskness; vigor; energy; decision.
n.
The act of deriding, or the state of being derided; mockery; scornful or contemptuous treatment which holds one up to ridicule.
n.
Want of decision; want of settled purpose, or of firmness; indetermination; wavering of mind; irresolution; vacillation; hesitation.