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Measure of goodness of fit for a statistical model
In statistics, deviance is a goodness-of-fit statistic for a statistical model; it is often used for statistical hypothesis testing. It is a generalization
Deviance_(statistics)
Topics referred to by the same term
sociologists Deviance (statistics), a quality of fit statistic for a model Positive deviance, an approach to behavioral and social change Sexual deviance (historical
Deviance
Topics referred to by the same term
context of structural equation models Deviance (statistics) Deviation (statistics) Divergence (statistics) Deviance (disambiguation) Deviation (disambiguation)
Discrepancy
analysis Detrended fluctuation analysis Deviance (statistics) Deviance information criterion Deviation (statistics) DFFITS – a regression diagnostic Diagnostic
List_of_statistics_articles
Atypical sexual attraction
ISBN 978-1-317-38524-0. Retrieved 8 October 2022. Worthen MG (30 September 2021). Sexual Deviance and Society: A Sociological Examination. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-000-42106-4
Paraphilia
Action or behavior that violates social norms
Deviance or the sociology of deviance explores the actions or behaviors that violate social norms across formally enacted rules (e.g., crime) as well
Deviance_(sociology)
Evaluates how likely it is that any difference between data sets arose by chance
of correlation for the chi-squared test Degrees of freedom (statistics) Deviance (statistics), another measure of the quality of fit Fisher's exact test
Pearson's_chi-squared_test
Metric for fit of statistical models
1981 edition of the popular statistics textbook by Robert R. Sokal and F. James Rohlf. All models are wrong Deviance (statistics) Overfitting Statistical
Goodness_of_fit
Media hype phenomenon
marginalize the people viewed as deviant, and cause them to engage in further deviance, thus intensifying social disapproval and perpetuating the cycle. The process
Deviancy_amplification_spiral
Diagnostic statistic used in Bayesian model selection
The deviance information criterion (DIC) is a hierarchical modeling generalization of the Akaike information criterion (AIC). It is particularly useful
Deviance information criterion
Deviance_information_criterion
median regression slope. This method minimizing the sum of the absolute deviances. A method of estimating this slope was invented by Roger Joseph Boscovich
History_of_statistics
Statistical model for a binary dependent variable
harm. Two measures of deviance are particularly important in logistic regression: null deviance and model deviance. The null deviance represents the difference
Logistic_regression
Crimes committed either by a corporation or its representatives
types of organizations, organi-cultural deviance was found to be present. In engaging in organi-cultural deviance, these organizations leverage four resources:
Corporate_crime
Quality measure of a statistical method
having the smallest possible variance, indicating that there is a small deviance between the estimated value and the "true" value in the L2 norm sense.
Efficiency_(statistics)
Incorrect or inaccurate action
other individuals or from a social grouping or from social norms. (See deviance.) Gaffes and faux pas can be labels for certain instances of this kind
Error
Sexual interest focused on female breasts
American Breast Fetish and Women's Liberation". In Manning, P. K. (ed.). Deviance and Change. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Swami, Viren;
Breast_fetishism
Estimator for quality of a statistical model
information-theoretic approaches such as Widely Applicable Information Criterion (WAIC), Deviance information criterion (DIC), and Hannan–Quinn information criterion (HQC)
Akaike_information_criterion
Penetrative sexual activity for reproduction or sexual pleasure
Specified: Psychopathology and theory". In Laws DR, O'Donohue WT (eds.). Sexual Deviance, Second Edition: Theory, Assessment, and Treatment. New York: The Guilford
Sexual_intercourse
French sociologist (1858–1917)
thought deviance to be an essential component of a functional society. He believed that deviance had three possible effects on society: Deviance challenges
Émile_Durkheim
Sexual attraction to prepubescent children
"Pedophilia: Psychopathology and Theory". In Laws, D. Richard (ed.). Sexual Deviance: Theory, Assessment, and Treatment (2 ed.). New York City: Guilford Press
Pedophilia
Sexual attraction toward the elderly
Specified: Psychopathology and Theory". In Laws, D. Richard (ed.). Sexual Deviance: Theory, Assessment, and Treatment, 2nd edition. The Guilford Press. p
Gerontophilia
Sociological theory
self-fulfilling prophecy and stereotyping. Labeling theory holds that deviance is not inherent in an act, but instead focuses on the tendency of majorities
Labeling_theory
addiction, mental illness and deviance. On the other hand, youth homelessness is considered a child protection problem. Statistics Sweden Municipalities of
Demographics_of_Sweden
Generalized version of the Akaike information criterion
distribution. Akaike information criterion Bayesian information criterion Deviance information criterion Hannan–Quinn information criterion Watanabe, Sumio
Watanabe–Akaike information criterion
Watanabe–Akaike_information_criterion
Criterion for model selection
models against a saturated model, the BIC can be rewritten in terms of the deviance χ 2 {\displaystyle \chi ^{2}} as: B I C = χ 2 + k ln ( n ) {\displaystyle
Bayesian information criterion
Bayesian_information_criterion
Field of studies related to crimes
high rates of population turnover. This theory suggests that crime and deviance are valued within groups in society, 'subcultures' or 'gangs'. These groups
Criminology
Statistical measure of fit
R_{\text{L}}^{2}=1-{\frac {\ln(L_{M})}{\ln(L_{0})}},} or expressed using deviance rather than likelihood R L 2 = D 0 − D M D 0 {\displaystyle R_{\text{L}}^{2}={\frac
Pseudo-R-squared
Topics referred to by the same term
innovations and deviations acts or groups from orthodox Islamic law (Sharia). Deviance (sociology), a behavior that is a recognized violation of social norms
Deviation
Criminological theory
larger the public land is, the more susceptible it will be to criminal deviance. Therefore, nonresidential spaces, such as businesses, may assume the responsibility
Broken_windows_theory
Gender identity differing from sex assigned at birth
Lifestyles". In Forsyth, Craig J.; Copes, Heith (eds.). Encyclopedia of Social Deviance. SAGE Publications. ISBN 978-1-4833-6469-8. "Glossary of Terms: Transgender"
Transgender
Scientific study of human society and relationships
religion, secularization, law, sexuality, gender, race, social norms, and deviance. Recent studies have added socio-technical aspects of the digital divide
Sociology
Employee behavior that goes against the legitimate interests of an organization
the CWB term to subsume related constructs that are distinct: Workplace deviance is behavior at work that violates norms for appropriate behavior. Retaliation
Counterproductive work behavior
Counterproductive_work_behavior
Police service in Montreal, Canada
du Québec à Montréal, police officers employ this tactic because of a "deviance" radical political demonstrators pose to media, politicians and police
Service de police de la Ville de Montréal
Service_de_police_de_la_Ville_de_Montréal
Mathematical statistics distance measure
criterion Bayesian information criterion Bregman divergence Cross-entropy Deviance information criterion Entropic value at risk Entropy power inequality Hellinger
Kullback–Leibler_divergence
Set of probability distributions
\mathrm {ED} (\mu ,\sigma ^{2})} can also be expressed in terms of the unit deviance d ( y , μ ) {\displaystyle d(y,\mu )} as f Y ( y ∣ μ , σ 2 ) = h ~ ( σ
Exponential_dispersion_model
Concept in international law
Collective efficacy Crime analysis Criminalization Differential association Deviance Expressive function of law Labeling theory Psychopathy Rational choice
Crimes_against_humanity
Fear that some evil threatens society
was interested in demonstrating how agents of social control amplified deviance, in that they potentially damaged the identities of those labeled as "deviant"
Moral_panic
Belief system and practices developed by L. Ron Hubbard
December 25, 2009. Straus, Roger (Spring 1986). "Scientology "Ethics": Deviance, Identity and Social Control in a Cult-Like Social World". Symbolic Interaction
Scientology
Term used by criminologists and sociologists
SimplyPsychology. Retrieved 2026-05-26. Moore, S. (1996). Investigating Crime and Deviance. Harpers Collins. ISBN 0-00-322439-2, pages 211–220. Coleman, C., & Moynihan
Dark_figure_of_crime
Financially motivated nonviolent crime
Simon, D. & Eitzen, D. (1993). Elite Deviance. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Simon, D. & Hagan, F. (1999). White-collar Deviance. Boston: Allyn & Bacon Thiollet,
White-collar_crime
Medical condition
Treatment". In Laws, D. Richard; O'Donohue, William T. (eds.). Sexual Deviance: Theory, Assessment, and Treatment (2nd ed.). New York City: The Guilford
Paraphilic_disorder
Differences between men and women as the perpetrators or victims of crime
the extent of female deviance having been marginalized. In the past fifty years of sociological research into crime and deviance, sex differences were
Sex_differences_in_crime
possible. Analogous concepts in statistics are known as goodness of fit or statistical distance, and include deviance and divergence. There are several
Discrepancy_function
Family of probability distributions
that the variance function obeys the relationship V(μ) = μp. The unit deviance of a reproductive Tweedie distribution is given by d ( y , μ ) = { ( y
Tweedie_distribution
Political movement
Collective efficacy Crime analysis Criminalization Differential association Deviance Expressive function of law Labeling theory Psychopathy Rational choice
Prison_abolition
Task of selecting a statistical model from a set of candidate models
BIC despite the appropriateness of model specification. Cross-validation Deviance information criterion (DIC), another Bayesian oriented model selection
Model_selection
War crimes committed by the Empire of Japan
Machine. United States Navy. Ben-Yehuda, Nachman (15 July 2013). Atrocity, Deviance, and Submarine Warfare: Norms and Practices During the World Wars. University
Japanese_war_crimes
Sociological term for "normlessness"
anomie with deviance, arguing that the discontinuity between culture and structure have the dysfunctional consequence of leading to deviance within society
Anomie
Measure of women's representation in fiction
'Andor' Pass the Bechdel Test?". Gray, Kishonna (2014). Race, Gender, and Deviance in Xbox Live: Theoretical Perspectives from the Virtual Margins. Routledge
Bechdel_test
Act or practice of men providing sexual services in return for payment
Research[citation needed] challenged the idea that homosexuality was an act of deviance and caused a divide in the UK. For that reason, Sir John Wolfenden chaired
Male_prostitution
Theory regarding causes of crime
sociologist who argued that the social structure of a society can encourage deviance to a large degree. Merton's theory borrows from Émile Durkheim's theory
Strain_theory_(sociology)
Act of sexual abuse
assault and rape as distinct forms of sexual violence, hence the below statistics on sexual assault exclude rape. Definitions of sexual assault differs
Sexual_assault
French philosopher (1926–1984)
Collective efficacy Crime analysis Criminalization Differential association Deviance Expressive function of law Labeling theory Psychopathy Rational choice
Michel_Foucault
Aesthetic assessment of physical traits
Transaction Publishers. p. 125-127. ISBN 978-1-4128-4126-9. Anderson, L. (2017). Deviance: Social Constructions and Blurred Boundaries. University of California
Physical_attractiveness
Anime and manga pornography
(or ecchi in English parlance) are used to refer to sexual perversion/deviance, or people therewith, as well as smut. A person accused of sexual perversion
Hentai
School of thought in criminology
of causality in relation to crime and deviance (the tendency is to scientifically examine official statistics as evidence).[dubious – discuss] The school
Right_realism
Type of sexual assault involving sexual intercourse without consent
with charges, and the complaint subsequently withdrawn. According to Statistics Canada, 19% and 14% of sexual assault allegations were deemed unfounded
Rape
Worldwide economic crisis
Perfect Storm". Economic Crisis and Crime. Sociology of Crime, Law and Deviance. pp. 25–45. doi:10.1108/S1521-6136(2011)0000016005. ISBN 978-0-85724-801-5
2008_financial_crisis
Strict form of imprisonment
incentivize similar legislation to be enacted at the state and local levels. Statistics indicate that members of marginalized groups are disproportionately likely
Solitary_confinement
Personality model consisting of five broad dimensions
interpersonal interactions and helping behavior; lower conflict; lower deviance and turnover. Furthermore, attributes related to Agreeableness are important
Big_Five_personality_traits
Term referring to a homosexual person
also acquired the pejorative meaning within youth culture. LGBTQ portal Deviance (sociology) – Action or behavior that violates social norms Gay bashing –
Gay
Conservative political initiative in the United States
2025's Mandate, Kevin Roberts argues that pornography promotes sexual deviance, the sexualization of children, and the exploitation of women; is not protected
Project_2025
Prison administration of India
Journal of Criminology: An Interdisciplinary Journal on Crime, Law and Deviance in Asia,11(2), 83-110. "How rigorous is rigorous imprisonment?". Hindustan
Prisons_in_India
American politician (born 1933)
agents who committed rape, sexual crimes against children, other sexual deviance and misconduct, attempted murder of a spouse, and narcotics violations
Chuck_Grassley
1973 US Supreme Court decision on abortion, overruled 2022
Hendrix; Alan J. Lizotte; Gina Penly Hall, eds. (2019). Handbook on Crime and Deviance (Second ed.). Cham, Switzerland: Springer. ISBN 978-3-030-20779-3. OCLC 1117640387
Roe_v._Wade
Branch of Orthodox Judaism
Retrieved February 23, 2014. Bryant 2012: "Haredi press rarely reports on deviance and unconventionality among Haredim. Thus, most reports are based on the
Haredi_Judaism
Homosexual woman or girl
in the late nineteenth century with the formulation of types of sexual deviance, especially homosexuality. ...Taking "lesbian" as an adjective, however
Lesbian
Steroidal hormone medication
Estradiol has been used at high doses to suppress sex drive in men with sexual deviance such as paraphilias and in sex offenders. It has specifically been used
Estradiol_(medication)
Attraction between people of the opposite sex or gender
definition of heterosexuality at Wiktionary Keel, Robert O., Heterosexual Deviance. (Goode, 1994, chapter 8, and Chapter 9, 6th edition, 2001.) Sociology
Heterosexuality
Sexual violence in India
Schmalleger, Frank (2012), "Mental illness, addictive behaviors, and sexual deviance", in Humphrey, John A.; Schmalleger, Frank (eds.), Deviant behavior (2nd ed
Rape_in_India
Statistics models class
)} is the deviance (twice the difference between saturated log likelihood and the model log likelihood) for the model. Minimizing the deviance by the usual
Generalized_additive_model
Branch of science that studies society and its relationships
in population size or type; criminology examines criminal behaviour and deviance; and political sociology studies the interaction between society and state
Social_science
Computational method in Bayesian statistics
of model parameters and the deviance of the posterior predictive distributions of summaries and parameters. The deviance information criterion is then
Approximate Bayesian computation
Approximate_Bayesian_computation
Psychometric measurement scale
formal axioms of the model. However, the raw scores are the sufficient statistics for the Rasch measures, a deliberate choice by Georg Rasch, so, if you
Likert_scale
Religious, ideological, or philosophical beliefs based on Satan
Introvigne stated that these incidents were "more a product of juvenile deviance and marginalization than Satanism". In a few cases, the crimes of these
Satanism
Academic fields of study or professions
culture Sociology of cyberspace Sociology of development Sociology of deviance Sociology of disaster Sociology of education Sociology of emotions Sociology
Outline of academic disciplines
Outline_of_academic_disciplines
2010s–present technological convergence era
conducted by the National Confederation of Industry, revealed concerning statistics: 42% of Brazilian companies were completely unaware of how crucial digital
Fourth_Industrial_Revolution
Fluid injection into the large intestine
Agnew, 1982 Denko, JD. (April 1976). "Amplification of the erotic enema deviance". Am J Psychother. 30 (2): 236–55. doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1976
Enema
State in northwestern India
Machine. Bhangra.org. Retrieved on 18 January 2012. Social control and deviance: a South Asian community in Scotland. Ashgate. 1 January 2000. ISBN 9781840145885
Punjab,_India
Facility where people are kept as punishment
for women's rights issues, reports that "In 2007, the Bureau of Justice Statistics stated that, on average, 5% of women who enter into state prisons are
Prison
Categorization of human problems as medical
deviance by identifying three major paradigms that have reigned over deviance designations in different historical periods: deviance as sin; deviance
Medicalization
Criminological pattern
drop is not a new phenomenon emerging in the 1990s. For Europe, crime statistics show a declining pattern since the late Middle Ages. From the 1960s to
Crime_drop
Medical condition
can be used for medical definitions, including pathology, symptomology, deviance from a normal range, or etiology, and that the same is true for mental
Mental_disorder
Standard, doctrine or system of conduct
Albrecht, S. I.; Chadwick, B. A.; Alcorn, D. S. (1977). "Religiosity and deviance:Application of an attitude-behavior contingent consistency model". Journal
Morality
Conflict between the Kingdom of Greece and the Turkish National Movement
by his fellow soldiers with the following words: "there was no lack of deviance and violence by our soldiers" The severity of the war crimes committed
Greco-Turkish_War_(1919–1922)
Skin modification using ink to create designs
Joshua (2012). "The Relationship between Tattooing and Deviance in Contemporary Society". Deviance Today: 137–145. "Society And Tattoos". HuffPost UK. 4
Tattoo
academic achievement on other factors, such as deviant affiliation, personal deviance, family socialization and structural strains, associated with school dropout
High school dropouts in the United States
High_school_dropouts_in_the_United_States
Italian criminologist (1835–1909)
degeneration". Functional Neurology. 26 (2): 97–101. PMC 3814446. PMID 21729591. "Deviance, disorder and the self : Degeneration". bbk.ac.uk. Retrieved 13 April 2017
Cesare_Lombroso
Analysis of social structures using network and graph theory
Network Science: Theory, Methods and Applications in Stata, R and Python. Statistics and Computing. Springer, Cham. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-84712-7. ISBN 978-3-031-84712-7
Social_network_analysis
Crime against property
Collective efficacy Crime analysis Criminalization Differential association Deviance Expressive function of law Labeling theory Psychopathy Rational choice
Financial_crime
Theory in criminology
association theory is the most talked about of the learning theories of deviance. This theory focuses on how individuals learn to become criminals, but
Differential_association
Influence of pornography on an individual and their intimate relationships
developmental studies tend not to hold pornography responsible for creating their deviance. There is no simple relationship between sexual fantasy and offending.
Effects_of_pornography
Service, retrieved 8 November 2013 Stephen Moore, Investigating crime and deviance, ISBN 0-00-322439-2 Van Dijk, J.J.M., van Kesteren, J.N. & Smit, P. (2008)
Crime Survey for England and Wales
Crime_Survey_for_England_and_Wales
Compulsive sexual behaviour
S2CID 170127256. Sauer, Michelle M. (2015). "The Unexpected Actuality: "Deviance" and Transgression". Gender in Medieval Culture. London: Bloomsbury Academic
Pornography_addiction
Structured criminal groups
product or tool of their organization. Sociologist Robert K. Merton believed deviance depended on society's definition of success, and the desires of individuals
Organized_crime
crimes at the top, crimes of the powerful crimes in the suites, elite deviance, crimes of capital, business crime, organisational crime, and corporate
Safety_crime
Form of child abuse
Richard; O'Donohue, William T. (1997). "H. E. Barbaree, M. C. Seto". Sexual Deviance: Theory, Assessment, and Treatment. Guilford Press. pp. 175–93. ISBN 978-1-57230-241-9
Child_sexual_abuse
School of criminology
previous theories to formulate a "fully social theory of deviance". Sociologically, deviance is "the violation of a social norm which is likely to result
Marxist_criminology
Birth defect of the palate and upper lip
life for multiple reasons including unsuccessful social relationships, deviance in social appearance, and multiple surgeries. Most clefts are polygenic
Cleft_lip_and_cleft_palate
Illegal behavior by minors
behaviour order Bad boy archetype Banchō (position) Defense of infancy Deviance (sociology) His Majesty's Young Offender Institution Juvenile court Juvenile
Juvenile_delinquency
DEVIANCE STATISTICS
DEVIANCE STATISTICS
Boy/Male
Hindu
Devine
Surname or Lastname
Irish
Irish : reduced Anglicized form of either of two Gaelic names, Ó DuibhÃn ‘descendant of DuibhÃn’, a byname meaning ‘little black one’, or Ó DaimhÃn ‘descendant of DaimhÃn’, a byname meaning ‘fawn’, ‘little stag’. These are attenuated versions of Ó Dubháin and Ó Damháin, and are the phonetic origin of Anglicizations with an internal v (as opposed to w, as in Dewan, or monosyllabic forms with an o or u) (see Doane).English and French : nickname, of literal or ironic application, from Middle English, Old French devin, divin ‘excellent’, ‘perfect’ (Latin divinus ‘divine’).
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Part of God; Presence of God; Part of Lord Krishna.
Boy/Male
Gaelic, Hindu, Indian
Oxen; Bard
Boy/Male
Tamil
Dilveen | தீலà¯à®µà®¿à®¨Â
Devine
Dilveen | தீலà¯à®µà®¿à®¨Â
Boy/Male
American, British, English
Blend of Darell and Clarence
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Devine
Girl/Female
Assamese, Hindu, Indian, Sindhi
Divine
Girl/Female
Irish
Dark-haired.
Girl/Female
Indian, Tamil
Devine
Boy/Male
Hindu
Devine
Boy/Male
Indian, Modern
Full of Light
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Reliance; Dependence
Girl/Female
American, British, English, German
Bearer of Good News; Modern Blend of Ava and Ana
Girl/Female
Irish
Dark-haired.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Devine
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim, Sindhi
Dependence; Confidence; Reliance
Boy/Male
Tamil
Devine
Girl/Female
English
Modern blend of Ava and Ana.
Boy/Male
Indian
Devine
DEVIANCE STATISTICS
DEVIANCE STATISTICS
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Twyford.
Boy/Male
Muslim
The best, The chosen
Girl/Female
Russian
Praise be to God.
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit
Universe
Girl/Female
Australian, Polish
Lily; Lotus; Mysterious
Boy/Male
Australian, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Polish, Swedish
Ready for Battle; Ready; Noble and Ready
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname from Middle English littel ‘small’ + Middle English, Old French page ‘young servant’ (see Page).
Boy/Male
Arabic
Peaceful Leader
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, English, Irish
Cushion; Helpful
Girl/Female
Muslim
Beautiful
DEVIANCE STATISTICS
DEVIANCE STATISTICS
DEVIANCE STATISTICS
DEVIANCE STATISTICS
DEVIANCE STATISTICS
n.
Device. See Device.
n.
Residence; abode.
v. i.
To show defiance or indignation.
imp. & p. p.
of Deviate
n.
A challenge; a defiance; bravado.
n.
A casting aside; renunciation; rejection.
n.
An act of malice, hatred, or defiance; contemptuous defiance; a deed of contempt.
n.
Reliance.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Deviate
n.
The act of relying, or the condition or quality of being reliant; dependence; confidence; trust; repose of mind upon what is deemed sufficient support or authority.
n.
A state of opposition; willingness to flight; disposition to resist; contempt of opposition.
v. t.
Confidence; reliance.
v. t.
To cause to deviate.
a.
Bidding or manifesting defiance.
n.
The act of braving; defiance; bravado.
n.
The act of defying, putting in opposition, or provoking to combat; a challenge; a provocation; a summons to combat.
n.
Anything on which to rely; dependence; ground of trust; as, the boat was a poor reliance.
n.
Denial.
n.
Defiance; challenge.
n.
Reliance on one's own powers or judgment; self-trust.