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Natural selection for extreme trait values over intermediate ones
In evolutionary biology, disruptive selection, also called diversifying selection, describes changes in population genetics in which extreme values for
Disruptive_selection
Evolutionary process
Genetic divergence can occur without geographic separation, through Disruptive selection. This occurs when individuals in a population with both high and
Genetic_divergence
Change in the heritable traits of populations
directional selection, which is a shift in the average value of a trait over time—for example, organisms slowly getting taller. Secondly, disruptive selection is
Evolution
Type of genetic selection favoring one extreme phenotype
identified it as a type of natural selection along with stabilizing selection and disruptive selection. These types of selection also operate by favoring specific
Directional_selection
Biological experiments
J. E. (1974), "Effects of population size and selection intensity on responses to disruptive selection in Drosophila melanogaster", Genetics, 78 (2):
Laboratory experiments of speciation
Laboratory_experiments_of_speciation
Selective removal of alleles that are deleterious
Balancing selection Directional selection Disruptive selection Dysgenics Fluctuating selection Genetic purging Koinophilia Mutation–selection balance Stabilizing
Negative selection (natural selection)
Negative_selection_(natural_selection)
Type of selection in evolution where a trait stabilizes around the average value
a. purifying selection) to select against extreme values of the character. Stabilizing selection is the opposite of disruptive selection. Instead of favoring
Stabilizing_selection
Mechanism of evolution by differential reproduction
variants. Disruptive (or diversifying) selection is selection favouring extreme trait values over intermediate trait values. Disruptive selection may cause
Natural_selection
of selection. Charles Darwin On the Origin of Species Evolution Natural selection Directional selection Stabilizing selection Disruptive selection Lande
Selection_gradient
Paraphyletic group of birds
also been proposed that sexual dimorphism is merely the product of disruptive selection, and is merely a stepping stone in the process of speciation, especially
Bird_of_prey
Type of biological selective process
with most polymorphisms. Directional selection Disruptive selection Stabilizing selection Fluctuating selection Charlesworth, Deborah; Willis, John H
Balancing_selection
Military unit of the Indian Army
special forces and slated for the Eastern Command. After a stringent selection and training process that spanned more than a year, on 1 February 1996
Para_(Special_Forces)
Camouflage joining up separate parts of body
Coincident disruptive coloration or coincident disruptive patterns are patterns of disruptive coloration in animals that go beyond the usual camouflage
Coincident disruptive coloration
Coincident_disruptive_coloration
Sexual reproduction involving a large, female gamete and a small, male gamete
competition and gamete limitation assume that anisogamy originated through disruptive selection acting on an ancestral isogamous population with external fertilization
Anisogamy
Evolution of a new species from an ancestor in the same location
modes of sympatric speciation. The most popular, which invokes the disruptive selection model, was first put forward by John Maynard Smith in 1966. Maynard
Sympatric_speciation
Case where being homozygous for a set of alleles is advantageous
is the opposite of overdominance. It is the selection against the heterozygote, causing disruptive selection and divergent genotypes. Underdominance exists
Underdominance
Sexual system in seed plants
hermaphroditism and dioecy. Evolution from dioecy to monoecy probably involves disruptive selection on floral sex ratios. Monoecy is also considered to be a step in
Monoecy
Measure of evolutionary success
change (directional selection). It contains no information about how the variance in trait value is expected to change (disruptive selection). As such it cannot
Inclusive_fitness
Lake in East-central Africa
March 2017. Rijssel; Moser; Frei; Seehausen (2018). "Prevalence of disruptive selection predicts extent of species differentiation in Lake Victoria cichlids"
Lake_Victoria
mutagenesis Directed sequencing Directionality (molecular biology) Disease Disruptive selection Distribution DMD DNA DNA bank DNA clone DNA cloning DNA fingerprint
Index_of_genetics_articles
selection Directional selection Balancing selection Disruptive selection Negative selection (natural selection) Stabilizing selection Haldane, J. B. S.;
Fluctuating_selection
Overview article
artificial selection to mimic natural selection that eliminates the hybrids (often called "destroy-the-hybrids"), and using disruptive selection to select
Evidence for speciation by reinforcement
Evidence_for_speciation_by_reinforcement
Evolution where transitional forms are particularly unstable and do not last long
disruptive selection to form a reproductive isolating barrier, as defined by Grant, and in fact Gottlieb stated that requiring disruptive selection was
Quantum_evolution
Concealment in plain sight by any means, e.g. colour, pattern and shape
markings are powerfully disruptive. A ptarmigan and five chicks exhibit exceptional disruptive camouflage Jumping spider: a disruptively camouflaged invertebrate
Camouflage
Ecological theory concerning the selection of life history traits
The r/K selection theory is an evolutionary hypothesis examining the selection of traits in an organism that trade off between quantity and quality of
R/K_selection_theory
Mathematical modelling of phenotypic evolution
more recent evolutionary models. Third, a fitness minimum where disruptive selection will occur and the population will branch into two genetic variants
Evolutionary invasion analysis
Evolutionary_invasion_analysis
Bias in a statistical analysis due to non-random selection
Selection bias is the bias introduced by the selection of individuals, groups, or data for analysis in such a way that the association between exposure
Selection_bias
Evolutionary strategy
(26 May 2010). Fleischer, Robert C. (ed.). "Coevolution in Action: Disruptive Selection on Egg Colour in an Avian Brood Parasite and Its Host". PLOS ONE
Mimicry
Preferential mating pattern between individuals with similar phenotypes
Directional selection Disruptive selection Endogamy Genetic sexual attraction Koinophilia Matching hypothesis Negative selection (natural selection) Reinforcement
Assortative_mating
Evolutionary process
Rice, William R.; Salt, George W. (June 1988). "Speciation Via Disruptive Selection on Habitat Preference: Experimental Evidence". The American Naturalist
Speciation
– directed mutagenesis – Directed evolution – directional selection – disruptive selection – Theodosius Dobzhansky – dog breeding – domestication – domestication
Index of evolutionary biology articles
Index_of_evolutionary_biology_articles
population. Contrast assortative mating. dispersal disruptive selection A mode of natural selection in which the extreme values of a trait or phenotype
Glossary of genetics and evolutionary biology
Glossary_of_genetics_and_evolutionary_biology
Species of butterfly
448–453. Burns, J. M. (1966). Preferential mating versus mimicry: Disruptive selection and sex-limited dimorphism in Papilio glaucus.Science 153: 551–553
Papilio_xuthus
British geneticist
qualitatively different ways. He has pioneered experiments into disruptive selection (selection in the same population for both extremes and against intermediates)
John_Thoday
Proposed mechanism of evolution
Group selection is a proposed mechanism of evolution in which natural selection acts at the level of the group, instead of at the level of the individual
Group_selection
Duplication of a gene sequence within a genome
Emerson JJ, Cardoso-Moreira M, Borevitz JO, Long M (June 2008). "Natural selection shapes genome-wide patterns of copy-number polymorphism in Drosophila
Gene_duplication
Mental disorder
Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) is a mental disorder in children and adolescents characterized by a persistently irritable or angry mood
Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
Disruptive_mood_dysregulation_disorder
Production of spores of two different sizes and sexes by several groups of land plants
sporangia probably evolved in response to competition for light. Disruptive selection within species resulted in there being two separate sexes of gamete
Heterospory
the lek paradox that proposed that sexual selection creates disruptive selection, i.e. positive selection for genetic variance. Genic capture does not
Genic_capture
mesaticephalic, and dolichocephalic rabbit breeds Disruptive selection, a form of natural selection (with a rabbit example) Dwarf rabbit, regarding the
List_of_rabbit_breeds
1970 United States Supreme Court case
conclusion of jury selection, the judge allowed Allen to return to the courtroom for the trial, but after Allen continued to engage in disruptive behavior, he
Illinois_v._Allen
American ecologist
Oscar; Liotta, M. N.; Abbott, Jessica K. (2016). "The potential for disruptive selection on growth rates across genetically influenced alternative reproductive
Molly_R._Morris
favorably to the controlled disruptive action obtained in a PTFE and glass mortar and pestle homogenizer. While other disruptive methods depend upon friction
Cell_disruption
Environmental sex determination by temperature during development
supported by the work of Pen et al. (2010). They conjectured that disruptive selection produced by variation in the environment could result in an evolutionary
Temperature-dependent sex determination
Temperature-dependent_sex_determination
First edition of the MGI All Stars competition
and 30% public voting. The same scoring ratio is applied through the selection of the final Top 3 contestants. According to the organizers, the public
MGI_All_Stars_1st_Edition
Hypothesis on normative mate selection
OCLC 46359440. Rice, William R.; Salt, George W. (1988). "Speciation via disruptive selection on habitat preference: Experimental evidence". The American Naturalist
Koinophilia
Modelling evolution using differential equations
If these points are convergence stable, selection can occur at these points (described as disruptive selection) leading to evolutionary divergence of trait
Evolutionary_dynamics
78th edition of the NBA draft
violations of the NBA's tampering rules during free agency. The first overall selection was owned by the Atlanta Hawks, which they used to select French forward
2024_NBA_draft
Wi-Fi channel allocation scheme
Dynamic frequency selection (DFS) is a channel allocation scheme specified for wireless LANs, commonly known as Wi-Fi. It is designed to prevent electromagnetic
Dynamic_frequency_selection
Speciation within a population where subpopulations are reproductively isolated
flow acting as a barrier to divergence in the local population, disruptive selection drives assortative mating; eventually leading to a complete reduction
Parapatric_speciation
Process of increasing reproductive isolation
artificial selection to mimic natural selection that eliminates the hybrids (often called "destroy-the-hybrids"), and using disruptive selection to select
Reinforcement_(speciation)
Speciation that occurs between geographically isolated populations
Karlsson (1974), "Effects of population size and selection intensity on responses to disruptive selection in Drosophila melanogaster", Genetics, 78 (2):
Allopatric_speciation
Early evidence for Darwinism from animal coloration
the case for natural selection. Cott described many kinds of camouflage, and in particular his drawings of coincident disruptive coloration in frogs convinced
Coloration evidence for natural selection
Coloration_evidence_for_natural_selection
Indian government awards for digital content
Times. February 25, 2024. "National Creators Award 2024: Know what is it? Selection process, winners list". mint. March 8, 2024. "National Creators Award
National_Creators_Award
1930 publication The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection, where he described disruptive selection acting on sympatric or parapatric populations — with
History_of_speciation
Røskaft, Eivin; Stokke, Bård G. (2010-05-26). "Coevolution in Action: Disruptive Selection on Egg Colour in an Avian Brood Parasite and Its Host". PLOS ONE
Co-adaptation
Species of butterfly
view of same male Eclosion video Papilo dardanus museum specimen Disruptive selection Phylogenetics of mimicry Supergene Cyril Clarke, E. B. Ford and Philip
Papilio_dardanus
Species of bird
two extreme morphs into two distinct species in a process called disruptive selection. Black-bellied seedcrackers inhabit tropical rainforest of Africa
Black-bellied_seedcracker
to develop a plan to identify, integrate, and deploy new, innovative, disruptive, or other emerging or advanced technologies to enhance, or address capability
List of bills in the 119th United States Congress
List_of_bills_in_the_119th_United_States_Congress
The selection of the Democratic Party's vice presidential candidate for the 1964 United States presidential election occurred at the party's national
1964 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection
1964_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection
Study of the evolutionary basis for animal behavior due to ecological pressures
comparative methods Selection Balancing selection Directional selection Disruptive selection Stabilizing selection r/K selection theory Somatic effort
Behavioral_ecology
Philosopher and writer (born 1973)
Research Initiative. Bostrom is the author of Anthropic Bias: Observation Selection Effects in Science and Philosophy (2002), Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers
Nick_Bostrom
2025 edition of the New Zealand National League Grand Final
to Solomon Islands for the 2025 OFC Men's Champions League. City had a disrupted season competing in the 2025 FIFA Club World Cup, struggling to find consistency
2025 New Zealand National League Grand Final
2025_New_Zealand_National_League_Grand_Final
2025 American football draft
first round. This was the first draft in NFL history to have every player selection come from an NCAA Division I FBS or FCS program. Green Bay, Wisconsin
2025_NFL_draft
77th edition of the NBA draft
violating the NBA's tampering rules during free agency. The first overall selection was made by the San Antonio Spurs, who selected the 7'4" French center
2023_NBA_draft
could control what her future children would be like depending on her selection of a man. Patty asks Richard a lot of questions about his family and ancestors
List of The Patty Duke Show episodes
List_of_The_Patty_Duke_Show_episodes
Free online crowdsourced encyclopedia
to ordinary editors, and to implement restrictions intended to prevent disruptive editors from making unproductive edits. By 2012, fewer editors were becoming
Wikipedia
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2010 to 2016
was reported to have missed out on selection for Ashford in December 1994, after failing to get to the selection meeting as a result of train delays
David_Cameron
Controversial theory in terminal ballistics
aspects of load testing and selection. We do not advocate abandoning long-held aspects of the load testing and selection process, but it seems prudent
Hydrostatic_shock
Bade, Gavin (August 4, 2024). "Trump's trade guru plots an even more disruptive second term". Politico. Archived from the original on August 4, 2024.
2024 United States presidential election
2024_United_States_presidential_election
Plants flowering at the same time
of coevolved animal species, climate change has the potential to disrupt selection for reproductive synchrony. In one example, a plant's flowering phenology
Synchronous_flowering
election How to Steal a Presidential Election Republican Party efforts to disrupt voting after the 2024 United States presidential election Fadulu, Lola
Republican Party efforts to disrupt the 2024 United States presidential election
Republican_Party_efforts_to_disrupt_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election
by her side at her age, he will never appear. Even if she had a whole selection of men to choose from she would stay single because her soul and heart
Political positions of Vladimir Zhirinovsky
Political_positions_of_Vladimir_Zhirinovsky
Country in Eastern Europe and North Asia
ISBN 978-1-743-58555-9. Sacharow, Alla (1993). Classic Russian Cuisine: A Magnificent Selection of More Than 400 Traditional Recipes. Alfred A. Knopf. p. 281. ISBN 978-1-628-72079-2
Russia
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2019 to 2022
caused the Muslim world to be "literally centuries behind" the West. The selection of Boris Johnson ... confirms the Tory Party's increasing weakness for
Boris_Johnson
President of the United States from 2021 to 2025
county council, Biden opposed large highway projects, which he argued might disrupt Wilmington neighborhoods. Biden had not openly supported or opposed the
Joe_Biden
American businessman (born 1964)
30, 2018). "Amazon, Berkshire Hathaway and JPMorgan Team Up to Try to Disrupt Health Care". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February
Jeff_Bezos
The 1935 French Rugby League Cup final was the inaugural final of the French Rugby League Cup (French: Coupe de France de Rugby à XIII), the country's
1935 French Rugby League Cup final
1935_French_Rugby_League_Cup_final
Indian men's cricket team
regarding selection have also caused protests against the team, with political activists from the regional Kalinga Kamgar Sena party in Odisha disrupting the
India_national_cricket_team
British politician
Brighton Kemptown selection". Brighton and Hove News. Retrieved 7 July 2024. Wadsworth, Jo (7 June 2024). "Gaza campaigners disrupt new Kemptown Labour
Chris Ward (British politician)
Chris_Ward_(British_politician)
International private school publication
Index incorporated an assessment of how effectively schools managed the disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic over the previous two years. The Schools
The_Schools_Index
1948 U.S. segregationist political party
but Wright deferred to Thurmond, who had greater national stature. The selection of Thurmond received fairly positive reviews from the national press,
Dixiecrat
History of Spain from 1874 to 1885
resulted in a sweeping victory for the Liberal-Fusionist Party. In candidate selection, Sagasta favored centralists and former conservatives over constitutionalists
Reign_of_Alfonso_XII
Hockmeister (Sarah Selby). Principal Russell tells Oliver that Lisa is a disruptive influence. Oliver tells Lisa to behave in class and she informs him that
List_of_Green_Acres_episodes
German surgeon
investigating how brain tumours in humans can be better controlled by disrupting neuro-cancer networks. 2025 - The Brain Prize 2023/2024 - BIAL Award in
Frank_Winkler_(physician)
Government system where political power lies with the people
Livingston, Steven (eds.). The Disinformation Age: Politics, Technology, and Disruptive Communication in the United States. Cambridge University Press. pp. 238–258
Democracy
executives insisted that Coe join the cast to balance out Michaels's younger selections. The original theme music was written by Howard Shore, who was the original
History of Saturday Night Live
History_of_Saturday_Night_Live
2025 assassination in Orem, Utah, U.S.
use every resource we have ... throughout this government to identify, disrupt, dismantle and destroy these networks". Opinion editors, as well as both
Assassination_of_Charlie_Kirk
Swedish footballer (born 1981)
"Zlatan Ibrahimovic, six Atlanta players headline MLS All-Star Fan XI selections". ESPN. Retrieved 2 August 2018. "2019 MLS All-Star Roster". Major League
Zlatan_Ibrahimović
over 3,000 jobs. Allegations and protests against poor conduct of Staff Selection Commission exams and inferior quality of Eduquity Career Technologies
2025_in_India
resigns from the Ulster Unionist Party following a controversy over the selection for an Assembly seat, and will continue as an independent. 16 April –
2024 in United Kingdom politics and government
2024_in_United_Kingdom_politics_and_government
Single cell RNA sequencing method
the error prone non-homologous end joining repair pathway to introduce disruptive insertions or deletions. CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) on the other hand
Perturb-seq
South Vietnamese military officer and politician (1924–2020)
Lansdale, Lt. Colonel Vann, and others (dissidents at CIA) had pushed his selection and wanted him to succeed in the job. Châu was ultimately not given the
Trần_Ngọc_Châu
Analog videocassette recording format
features which detect Macrovision encoding of input analog streams, and disrupt copying of the video.[citation needed] Both intentional and false-positive
VHS
East German air force believed that G-LOC could be prevented by ruthless selection of pilots and better fitness preparation; Wing Commander Andreas Valentiner
List_of_Equinox_episodes
CaCosta's 'Hedda,' Steven Soderbergh's 'The Christophers' & More As Official Selections For Its 50th Edition". The Playlist. Retrieved June 26, 2025. "'The Hand
List of American films of 2025
List_of_American_films_of_2025
Briscoe, a Brooklyn resident, had been the Conservative Party's initial selection for mayor, but he rejected the nomination, giving the Conservative Party
2025 New York City mayoral election
2025_New_York_City_mayoral_election
the attempts of merchant sons to enter the administration were seen as disruptive. In reality, only individuals from wealthy families, particularly landowners
Government of the Ming dynasty
Government_of_the_Ming_dynasty
International football tournament
Infantino played a key role in bending FIFA's rules and facilitating the selection of Saudi Arabia as host. Similar to the 2018 and 2022 tournaments, the
2034_FIFA_World_Cup
2001 terror attacks in the U.S.
Spain, where they coordinated details of the plot, including final target selection. Bin al-Shibh passed along bin Laden's wish for the attacks to be carried
September_11_attacks
DISRUPTIVE SELECTION
DISRUPTIVE SELECTION
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Selection choice
Girl/Female
American, Hindu, Indian
Selection
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim, Sindhi
Selection; Choice
Boy/Male
Assamese, Bengali, Indian, Tamil
To Choose; Selection
Boy/Male
Muslim
Selection, Choice
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Choice; Preference; Selection
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English biscop, Old English bisc(e)op ‘bishop’, which comes via Latin from Greek episkopos ‘overseer’. The Greek word was adopted early in the Christian era as a title for an overseer of a local community of Christians, and has yielded cognates in every European language: French évêque, Italian vescovo, Spanish obispo, Russian yepiskop, German Bischof, etc. The English surname has probably absorbed at least some of these continental European cognates. The word came to be applied as a surname for a variety of reasons, among them service in the household of a bishop, supposed resemblance in bearing or appearance to a bishop, and selection as the ‘boy bishop’ on St. Nicholas’s Day.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Choice, Preference, Selection
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Thorburn.French : nickname for a disruptive person, from a diminutive derivative of Middle French turber ‘to disturb’ (Latin torbare).
DISRUPTIVE SELECTION
DISRUPTIVE SELECTION
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Devotee of Brahma
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian
Kind; Helpful Human; Beautiful
Boy/Male
Hindu
Sai baba
Girl/Female
Hindu
Affable
Girl/Female
Indian
One who struggles, Strives
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Asong Bird
Girl/Female
Tamil
Adhvika | அதà¯à®µà¯€à®•à®¾
World, Earth, Unique
Male
Scandinavian
Scandinavian form of Old Norse Óláfr, OLAF means "heir of the ancestors."
Boy/Male
Arabic, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Muslim, Telugu
Mountain; Sea Shore
DISRUPTIVE SELECTION
DISRUPTIVE SELECTION
DISRUPTIVE SELECTION
DISRUPTIVE SELECTION
DISRUPTIVE SELECTION
n.
Disruption; a separation and dispersion of the parts or members; as, a break-up of an assembly or dinner party; a break-up of the government.
n.
The act of separating the parts of any body, or the condition of undergoing a separation of parts; disruption; breach.
n.
An instrument for measuring the distance of distinct vision, mainly for the selection of eveglasses.
n.
That which is selected; a collection of things chosen; as, a choice selection of books.
n.
The act or rending asunder, or the state of being rent asunder or broken in pieces; breach; rent; dilaceration; rupture; as, the disruption of rocks in an earthquake; disruption of a state.
v. t.
An opening made by fracture or disruption.
n.
A deep opening made by disruption, as a breach in the earth or a rock; a yawning abyss; a cleft; a fissure.
n.
A book of selections for declamation.
v. i.
To suffer a breach or disruption.
v. t.
To make selection of; to choose; also, to turn to; to have recourse to; as, to take the road to the right.
n.
The act of selecting, or the state of being selected; choice, by preference.
n.
Disruption.
n.
A chapelet; a garland; a series or collection, as of beautiful thoughts or of literary selections.
n.
The termination or disruption of the union of the States forming the United States.
a.
Rushing in or upon.
n.
Selection or appointment by lot.
a.
Causing, or tending to cause, disruption; caused by disruption; breaking through; bursting; as, the disruptive discharge of an electrical battery.
adv.
With care and selection.
a.
Disruption.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Disrupt