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In welfare economics, distributive efficiency occurs when goods and services are received by those who have the greatest need for them. Abba Lerner first
Distributive_efficiency
Degree to which a process minimizes waste of resources
Efficiency is the often measurable ability to avoid making mistakes or wasting materials, energy, efforts, money, and time while performing a task. In
Efficiency
Situation in which nothing can be improved without something else being hurt
decrease efficiency. Economic efficiency can be characterized in many ways: Allocative efficiency Distributive efficiency Dynamic efficiency Kaldor–Hicks
Economic_efficiency
Concept relating to distribution of rewards to group members
Distributive justice concerns the socially just allocation of resources, goods and opportunities in a society. It is concerned with how to allocate resources
Distributive_justice
Field of economics to evaluate well-being
have distributive efficiency when goods are distributed to the people who can gain the most utility from them.[citation needed] Pareto efficiency is an
Welfare_economics
would to a homeless family of five, is an example of reduced "distributive efficiency" within society, that decreases marginal utility of wealth and
Effects of economic inequality
Effects_of_economic_inequality
Social justice theory
a result of its impact on employee attitudes. Distributive justice affects performance when efficiency and productivity are involved. Improving justice
Organizational_justice
Russian-British economist (1903–1982)
the effect of terms of trade. Lerner developed the concept of distributive efficiency, which argued that economic equality will produce the greatest
Abba_P._Lerner
Subcategory of welfare economics
Economic justice is generally understood as distributive justice and equality of outcome and sometimes a component of social justice in a normative sense
Economic_justice
allocative efficiency, distributive efficiency, dynamic efficiency, financial market efficiency, Kaldor–Hicks efficiency, operational efficiency, Pareto
Glossary_of_economics
Concept of moral fairness and administration of the law
include concepts such as distributive justice, utilitarianism, retributive justice and restorative justice. In broad terms, distributive justice considers what
Justice
Probabilistic model of fair resource allocation
international and Korean media for its innovative and practical approach to distributive justice, including reports in Phys.org, Mirage News, Asia Economy, Unipress
Boltzmann_Fair_Division
Analysis of law using economic theory
analysis is efficiency, particularly, allocative efficiency. A common concept of efficiency used by law and economics scholars is Pareto efficiency. A legal
Law_and_economics
Political party
economics' obsession with efficiency into government. Den Otter, Ronald C. (2024). "Constitutional Reform and the Problem of Distributive Justice". New Political
Democratic Party (United States)
Democratic_Party_(United_States)
American economist (born 1945)
(ASAP). Roemer has contributed mainly to six areas: Marxian economics, distributive justice, political competition, equity and climate change, and the theory
John_Roemer
American labor union
market share to foreign manufacturers who placed more emphasis on fuel efficiency. This started years of layoffs and wage reductions, and the UAW found
United_Auto_Workers
Intelligence in machines
and are influenced by beliefs about society. One broad category is distributive fairness, which focuses on the outcomes, often identifying groups and
Artificial_intelligence
Writing performed by more than one person
on individual strengths, skills, and interests, thereby enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of the writing process. For example, an individual proficient
Collaborative_writing
Type of electoral system
dramatic changes in policy. The number of competing parties can also have distributive consequences. A game-theoretic analysis finds that plurality voting produces
Plurality_voting
Choice by a government as to what taxes to levy, in what amounts, and on whom
and macroeconomic aspects. The former focuses on issues of fairness and efficiency in tax collection, and the latter focuses on the overall quantity of taxes
Tax_policy
French economist
social ethics and political philosophy) focusing on equality, distributive justice, and efficiency of economic measures, and in other fields and problems often
Serge-Christophe_Kolm
Principle in welfare economics
this willingness-to-pay standard, while critics contend it can neglect distributive fairness, rights, or moral values that do not reduce neatly to monetary
Wealth_maximization
Research centre in La Plata, Argentina
The Center for Distributive, Labor and Social Studies (CEDLAS) is a research center specialising in distribution, labor and social issues in Latin America
Center for Distributive, Labor and Social Studies
Center_for_Distributive,_Labor_and_Social_Studies
Canadian narrow-body airliner family
aluminium-lithium fuselage, and optimised aerodynamics for better fuel efficiency. The aircraft family offers maximum take-off weights from 63.1 to 70.9 t
Airbus_A220
Multiplication algorithm
known as the distributive law, which can be expressed in algebra as the property that a(b+c) = ab + ac. The grid method uses the distributive property twice
Grid_method_multiplication
Process to produce pliable, durable parts in high volume
silicone injection molding requires special treatment, such as intensive distributive mixing, while maintaining the material at a low temperature before it
Injection molding of liquid silicone rubber
Injection_molding_of_liquid_silicone_rubber
Study of government economic and fiscal policy
sector) is the study of government policy through the lens of economic efficiency and equity. Public economics builds on the theory of welfare economics
Public_economics
Congolese-American politician (born 1970)
sharing program with local municipalities (known as the Local Government Distributive Fund) to the prior level of 10.0% from the current 6.16%. In May 2023
Mboka_Mwilambwe
Method in which total output and wealth are distributed in an economy
of industrial organization Production theory basics Welfare economics Distributive justice Justice (economics) Social choice theory Social welfare function
Distribution_(economics)
Method of bacterial gene transfer
Escherichia coli by spontaneous zygogenesis and in Mycobacterium smegmatis by distributive conjugal transfer differ from the better studied classical E. coli conjugation
Bacterial_conjugation
Arithmetic operation
Since a/b=ab−1, division is right distributive over addition: (a+b)/c=a/c+b/c. However, division is not left distributive over addition, such as 1/(2+2)
Addition
Hypercomplex number system
power xn is well defined. They are also flexible, and multiplication is distributive over addition. As with the sedenions, the trigintaduonions contain zero
Trigintaduonion
Exchange of goods and services for political support
distinguish clientelism as a form of non-programmatic policy within distributive politics. It meets the criteria through failing to meet the two requirements
Clientelism
Proposed tax reform
between allocative efficiency (i.e. the market's ability to give people what they want subject to their incomes) and distributive justice (i.e. the question
Negative_income_tax
Largest integer that divides given integers
and lcm(0, 0) = 0 because then the natural numbers become a complete distributive lattice with GCD as meet and LCM as join operation. This extension of
Greatest_common_divisor
Fair division problem
U., Ghim, C., & Kim, B. J. (2022). The Boltzmann fair division for distributive justice. Scientific Reports, 12, 15494. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-19792-3
Fair_cake-cutting
Star in the constellation Cancer
least until subtype M8. AZ Cnc has a corona and this may indicate that a distributive dynamo is just as efficient in producing magnetic flux as a shell dynamo
AZ_Cancri
Large twin-aisle airliner family
285-seat A350-900 over a 13,900 km (7,500 nmi; 8,600 mi) range. Fuel efficiency would improve by over 10% with a mostly carbon fibre reinforced polymer
Airbus_A350
Political ideology emphasising social ownership of production
with collective ownership. These many forms, all focused on advancing distributive justice for long-term social welfare, can be divided into two broad types
Socialism
Re-engined version of the A320 family
Enhanced (A320E) programme as a series of improvements targeting a 4–5% efficiency gain with large winglets (2%), aerodynamic refinements (1%), weight savings
Airbus_A320neo_family
Method of analyzing variables in software
Very busy expressions Use-definition chains Interprocedural, finite, distributive, subset problems or IFDS problems are another class of problem with a
Data-flow_analysis
Economic equilibrium concept
with flexible prices and many traders, and serving as the benchmark of efficiency in economic analysis. It relies crucially on the assumption of a competitive
Competitive_equilibrium
Attempt to introduce indicative planning, profits and sales to Soviet firms
Efficiency (1972), p. 271. Feiwel, Quest for Economic Efficiency (1972), p. 309. Ellman, Soviet Planning Today (1971), p. 139. "The main distributive
1965_Soviet_economic_reform
Measure of distributive justice and inclusion in education
education. Educational equity depends on two main factors. The first is distributive justice, which implies that factors specific to one's personal conditions
Educational_equity
Hypothesis in politics and economics
127 (1): 47–100. doi:10.1086/700936. Alesina, A.; Rodrik, D. (1994). "Distributive politics and economic growth". Quarterly Journal of Economics. 109 (2):
Lee_thesis
the axiom (also called K) that (Kiφ∧Ki(φ⟹ψ))⟹Kiψ. distributive laws See distributivity. distributive predication A property of predicates in logic that
Glossary_of_logic
Sale of goods or merchandise to retailers rather than end consumers
2025. United Nations (10 May 2013). International Recommendations for Distributive Trade Statistics 2008. Statistical Papers (Ser. M). United Nations. doi:10
Wholesaling
Hungarian and American mathematician and physicist (1903–1957)
indeterminate. Consequently, the distributive law of classical logic must be replaced with a weaker condition. Instead of a distributive lattice, propositions about
John_von_Neumann
Transferring something from the public sphere to the private
privatization could also have very modest effects on efficiency and quite regressive distributive impact. In the first attempt at a social welfare analysis
Privatization
Sums vector sets A and B by adding each vector in A to each vector in B
set; furthermore μS+λS=(μ+λ)S for every μ,λ≥0. Conversely, if this "distributive property" holds for all non-negative real numbers, μ and λ, then the
Minkowski_addition
Discrete Fourier transform algorithm
Fourier Transform Telescope Fast Walsh–Hadamard transform Generalized distributive law Least-squares spectral analysis Multidimensional discrete convolution
Fast_Fourier_transform
Tensor index notation for tensor-based calculations
A(αβγ)δ⋯=13!(Aαβγδ⋯+Aγαβδ⋯+Aβγαδ⋯+Aαγβδ⋯+Aγβαδ⋯+Aβαγδ⋯) The symmetrization is distributive over addition; A(α(Bβ)γ⋯+Cβ)γ⋯)=A(αBβ)γ⋯+A(αCβ)γ⋯ Indices are not part
Ricci_calculus
Concept in behavioral economics, political theory and behavioral sciences
(2021) have inquired whether nudging should be permissible on grounds of distributive justice. Though Roberts (2018) argued that nudges do not benefit vulnerable
Nudge_theory
Actions to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions to limit climate change
in transportation behavior, dietary change, improved building energy efficiency, and reduced material consumption—could reduce global greenhouse gas emissions
Climate_change_mitigation
Wealth gained over a given time period
contracts; (10) Pensions; (11) Income from discharge of indebtedness; (12) Distributive share of partnership gross income; (13) Income in respect of a decedent;
Income
Branch of mathematics
optimized. BLAS and LAPACK are the best known implementations. For improving efficiency, some of them configure the algorithms automatically, at run time, to
Linear_algebra
Austrian economist and philosopher (1899–1992)
unacceptable intrusion upon individual freedom, saying that "the principle of distributive justice, once introduced, would not be fulfilled until the whole of society
Friedrich_Hayek
Reducing workplace interpersonal conflict
Kozan's confrontational model into two sub-models: distributive and integrative.[citation needed] Distributive – Here conflict is approached as a distribution
Conflict_management
Sociology principle
education. Educational equity depends on two main factors. The first is distributive justice, which implies that factors specific to one's personal conditions
Social_equity
Situation where total gains match total losses
sum games where the sum of each outcome is always zero. Such games are distributive, not integrative; the pie cannot be enlarged by good negotiation. In
Zero-sum_game
Emergency correction of acute critical physiological disorders
Björn; Rogge, Grigori (2025). "Resuscitation Documentation: Mobility and Efficiency through Tablet-Based Solutions". ATLAS Digitale Gesundheitswirtschaft
Resuscitation
Resource distribution game
Science Review 87(4):856—869, 1993 Laslier, J.-F.; Picard, N. (2002). "Distributive politics and electoral competition". Journal of Economic Theory. 103:
Blotto_game
Significant structural change in an energy system
energy justice fulfilment can be fulfilled from meeting the procedural, distributive, and recognition dimensions of justice. Procedural justice requires active
Energy_transition
Economic system based on social ownership of the means of production in a market economy
socialism for the enlargement of freedom as well as to realize social and distributive justice. He offers a powerful account of economic injustice and justice
Market_socialism
2024 Labour Trade unionist, General Secretary of the Union of Shop, Distributive and Allied Workers (2004–2018) Lord Hanson of Flint 19 July 2024 Labour
List of current members of the House of Lords
List_of_current_members_of_the_House_of_Lords
Wide-body jet airliner developed from A330
deal should a re-engined A330 be offered. The Trent 1000 TEN (Thrust, Efficiency, New Technology) engine was under development for the 787-10, but Rolls-Royce
Airbus_A330neo
Algorithm for computing greatest common divisors
have their usual properties, such as commutativity, associativity and distributivity. An example of a finite field is the set of 13 numbers {0, 1, 2, ..
Euclidean_algorithm
Canadian-American political scientist (born 1954)
should get what from whom, when, how, and why? In real-world debates over distributive justice, however, Tetlock argues it is virtually impossible to disentangle
Philip_E._Tetlock
Economic system free from interventionism
circumstances rather than as a state-driven attempt to achieve a particular distributive pattern. He advances detailed arguments for workplace democracy rooted
Laissez-faire
Regional jet airliner family
production at its São José dos Campos facility, hiring Toyota to help improve efficiency on the E-Jet line using lessons from the Toyota Production System. During
Embraer_E-Jet_E2_family
1977–1979 U.S. Congress
Organization and Regulation (Chair: Paul Simon; Ranking Member: Jim Broyhill) Distributive Impacts of Budget and Economic Policies (Chair: Donald M. Fraser; Ranking
95th_United_States_Congress
occasional difficulty meeting household bills. This pattern reflects distributive injustice, in which the economic and environmental costs of maintaining
Water privatisation in England and Wales
Water_privatisation_in_England_and_Wales
Australian politician (born 1969)
his directorship of the company the following year to join the Shop, Distributive and Allied Employees' Association (SDA) as a union organiser. He left
Tony_Burke
Country in East Africa
15 February 2010. Boone, Catherine (April 2012). "Land Conflict and Distributive Politics in Kenya" (PDF). African Studies Review. 55 (1): 75–103. doi:10
Kenya
Situational decision
these occur among biodiversity conservation, carbon sequestration and distributive equity in the distribution of funds of the program for Reducing Emissions
Trade-off
Unconditional social welfare proposal
U., Ghim, C., & Kim, B. J. (2022). The Boltzmann fair division for distributive justice. Scientific Reports, 12, 15494. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-19792-3
Universal_basic_income
Transforming a function in such a way that it only takes a single argument
of Heyting algebras is normally written as material implication P→Q. Distributive Heyting algebras are Boolean algebras, and the exponential object has
Currying
Settlement without third party involvement
clearinghouse. A decentralized algorithm allow transaction data to be distributively stored in the network. In terms of time complexity, centralized algorithms
Collaborative_finance
Problem in process of sharing surplus
Nash bargaining game to explain the emergence of human attitudes toward distributive justice. He primarily uses evolutionary game theory to explain how individuals
Cooperative_bargaining
Gender-neutral English pronoun
recommendation was still: They. Not to be used when the antecedent is a distributive expression, such as each, each one. everybody, every one, many a man
Singular_they
Lighting system of a motor vehicle
guides are commonly used to distributively light dashboard displays, and premium vehicles are beginning to use distributive systems for lighting such items
Automotive_lighting
Species of bacterium
Gray TA, Krywy JA, Harold J, Palumbo MJ, Derbyshire KM (July 2013). "Distributive conjugal transfer in mycobacteria generates progeny with meiotic-like
Mycobacterium_smegmatis
Former girls vocational public high school in Toledo, Ohio
required for graduation at Macomber. The available programs included Distributive Education, Business Technology, Marketing, and Data Processing. Some
Whitney High School (Toledo, Ohio)
Whitney_High_School_(Toledo,_Ohio)
Applying operations to whole sets of values simultaneously
but a mastery of its implications (such as its associativity, its distributivity over addition, and its ability to represent linear functions and geometric
Array_programming
Rechargeable battery used for vehicles
hundreds of times more raw material than that used to make the batteries. Distributive and energy injustice concerns persist as resource-rich but economically
Electric_vehicle_battery
Excise on alcoholic beverages
discussion and debate over alcohol as selective excise taxation is largely a distributive issue. Holcombe (1997: 82) observes that "taxes are created through the
Alcohol_tax
Famine in British India during World War II
areas of rural eastern India were denied any lasting state-sponsored distributive schemes". For this reason, the policy of prioritised distribution is
Bengal_famine_of_1943
Variant of capitalism supposedly developed in the US and UK
as equilibrating mechanisms, which deliver both economic welfare and distributive justice. One of the main aims of the economic liberalism in the United
Anglo-Saxon_model
Technology still to be fully developed
involve existential risks. Much ethical debate centers on issues of distributive justice in allocating access to beneficial forms of technology. Some
Emerging_technologies
Economic concept of fairness
two people, a division cannot always both be equitable and envy-free. Distributive justice Educational equity Equity (law) Excess burden of taxation Fiscal
Equity_(economics)
Distributive economic theory
Social credit is a distributive philosophy of political economy developed in the 1920s and 1930s by the British engineer and economist C. H. Douglas. Douglas
Social_credit
S2CID 154980416. Hirano, Shigeo Jr.; Snyder, James M.; Ting, Michael M. (2009). "Distributive Politics with Primaries" (PDF). Journal of Politics. 71 (4): 1467–1480
Political polarization in the United States
Political_polarization_in_the_United_States
whom farming or fishing is the principal activity. The bank acts as a distributive institution, receiving an interest subsidy from the government. In 1990
Economy_of_Oman
American intercity passenger rail operator
(PDF). Muckrock.com. April 17, 1971. Baron, David P. (August 1990). "Distributive Politics and the Persistence of Amtrak". The Journal of Politics. 52
Amtrak
When a company owns its supply chain
Effects of Forward Vertical Integration on Service Performance of a Distributive Industry". The Journal of Industrial Economics. 26 (3): 249–255. doi:10
Vertical_integration
Applied Philosophy (1991), which considered the relationship between distributive justice and individual choice. An important component of Le Grand's academic
Julian_Le_Grand
Measure of increase in market value of goods
Distribution on Growth" (PDF). Alesina, Alberto; Rodrik, Dani (1994). "Distributive Politics and Economic Growth" (PDF). Quarterly Journal of Economics.
Economic_growth
Accounting system used by a nation
flows—both the income generated in production (e.g. wages and salaries) and distributive income flows (predominantly the redistributive effects of government
National_accounts
Concept for social justice in climate change context
change mitigation, as well as distributive ethical ones. Recognition and respect are the underlying basis for distributive and procedural justice. Research
Climate_justice
Software for simulating water flow within rivers
choices. Since HEC-RAS 6.0, the software has had the capability to distributively hydraulic model utilizing the Rain-on-Grid feature. Utilizing provided
HEC-RAS
travel, tourism, insurance
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DISTRIBUTIVE EFFICIENCY
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