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Method of species identification using a short section of DNA
DNA barcoding is a method of species identification using a short section of DNA from a specific gene or genes. The premise of DNA barcoding is that by
DNA_barcoding
Identification of fungal species thanks to specific DNA sequences
deposited in a DNA barcode database such as the ISHAM reference database, or the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD). In this attempt, DNA barcoding relies on
Fungal_DNA_barcoding
Aspect of DNA testing
Microbial DNA barcoding is the use of DNA metabarcoding to characterize a mixture of microorganisms. DNA metabarcoding is a method of DNA barcoding that uses
Microbial_DNA_barcoding
DNA barcoding methods for fish are used to identify groups of fish based on DNA sequences within selected regions of a genome. These methods can be used
Fish_DNA_barcoding
Sequence database of DNA barcoding
The Barcode of Life Data System (commonly known as BOLD or BOLDSystems) is a web platform specifically devoted to DNA barcoding. It is a cloud-based data
Barcode_of_Life_Data_System
Basic unit of taxonomic classification, below genus
called DNA barcoding. One of the barcodes for eukaryotes is a region of mitochondrial DNA within the gene for cytochrome c oxidase. A database, Barcode of
Species
Genetic technique for identifying organisms in mixed samples
Metabarcoding is the barcoding of DNA/RNA (or eDNA/eRNA) in a manner that allows for the simultaneous identification of many taxa within the same sample
Metabarcoding
Technique used for species identification and phylogenetic studies
DNA barcoding of algae is commonly used for species identification and phylogenetic studies. Algae form a phylogenetically heterogeneous group, meaning
Algae_DNA_barcoding
Use of DNA barcoding to analyse the diet of organisms
DNA barcoding in diet assessment is the use of DNA barcoding to analyse the diet of organisms and further detect and describe their trophic interactions
DNA barcoding in diet assessment
DNA_barcoding_in_diet_assessment
Process of identifying pollen donor plant species
Pollen DNA barcoding is the process of identifying pollen donor plant species through the amplification and sequencing of specific, conserved regions
Pollen_DNA_barcoding
Polymorphism of organellar DNA sequences in a cell
organellar DNA. Over the years, heteroplasmy has been detected across many taxonomic groups which has raised some concerns for the use of DNA barcoding in biodiversity
Heteroplasmy
DNA sampled from the environment rather than directly from an individual organism
(2015). "Determining Plant – Leaf Miner – Parasitoid Interactions: A DNA Barcoding Approach". PLOS ONE. 10 (2) e0117872. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1017872D. doi:10
Environmental_DNA
Technique used in macroinvertebrate biology
DNA barcoding is an alternative method to the traditional morphological taxonomic classification, and has frequently been used to identify species of
Aquatic macroinvertebrate DNA barcoding
Aquatic_macroinvertebrate_DNA_barcoding
Public university in South Africa
relation to key fields of DNA technology, such as biodiversity and DNA barcoding. As of July 2013, ACDB has catalogued barcodes for 15 584 plant specimens
University_of_Johannesburg
Website and app for sharing biodiversity observations
Mycologists running community-managed high-throughput fungal DNA barcoding labs published 45,000 DNA sequences between 2016 and 2023, many via iNaturalist,
INaturalist
Technique used to identify individuals via DNA characteristics
acid (DNA) characteristics. DNA analysis intended to identify a species, rather than an individual, is called DNA barcoding. DNA profiling is a forensic technique
DNA_profiling
Species of spider
species in 1997, but is now considered to be conspecific with B. smithi. DNA barcoding has been applied to some Mexican species of Brachypelma. In this approach
Brachypelma_smithi
Topics referred to by the same term
The term Barcoding may refer to: Barcode DNA barcoding This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Barcoding. If an internal link
Barcoding
Species of arachnid
the ventral face of the spermatheca is smooth rather than striated. DNA barcoding has been applied to Mexican species of Brachypelma. In this approach
Brachypelma_hamorii
Organization for DNA barcoding as a global standard for species identification
Consortium for the Barcode of Life (CBOL) was an international initiative dedicated to supporting the development of DNA barcoding as a global standard
Consortium for the Barcode of Life
Consortium_for_the_Barcode_of_Life
Superfamily of flies
(Diptera, Tipuloidea) from southern neotropical salt marshes: Survey with DNA barcoding". Iheringia. Série Zoologia. 109 e2019013. doi:10.1590/1678-4766e2019013
Crane_fly
gel electrophoresis technique, microscopy, DNA barcoding, Mitochondrial Microsatellite Analysis and some DNA and Isotope analysis can identify species
Wildlife_forensic_science
Group of closely related similar organisms
details, tests of reproductive isolation, or DNA-based methods, such as molecular phylogenetics and DNA barcoding. The existence of extremely similar species
Species_complex
Science museum in Cold Spring Harbor, New York
and DNA BarCoding". Botany 2011: Healing the Planet (workshop). Archived from the original on September 8, 2011. Retrieved September 29, 2011. DNA Learning
Dolan_DNA_Learning_Center
Phylum of worms
estimates supported by rarefaction curves, together with the use of DNA barcoding and the increasing acknowledgment of widespread cryptic species among
Nematode
Species of cave cricket
the Journal of Orthoptera Research based on morphological data and DNA Barcoding. The species was named after the Balrog, the subterranean creature from
Dolichopoda_balrogi
Taxon that does not appear to produce any observable morphological structure
created in response to the advancement of molecular techniques such as DNA barcoding, which have allowed taxonomists to more accurately estimate the number
Dark_taxon
Enzyme of the respiratory chain encoded by the mitochondrial genome
may be a better gene for DNA barcoding of soil fungi than ITS (the genetic region most commonly used for mycological barcoding). The MT-COI protein, also
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I
Cytochrome_c_oxidase_subunit_I
Species of marine cnidarian
; Trueman, Clive; Rosa, Rui; Sims, David W.; Queiroz, Nuno (2016). "DNA barcoding identifies a cosmopolitan diet in the ocean sunfish". Scientific Reports
Portuguese_man_o'_war
DNA barcoding technique
Deterministic Barcoding in Tissue for Spatial Omics Sequencing (DBiT-seq) was developed at Yale University by Rong Fan and colleagues in 2020 to create
Deterministic Barcoding in Tissue for Spatial Omics Sequencing
Deterministic_Barcoding_in_Tissue_for_Spatial_Omics_Sequencing
Genus of sharks
trade of these endangered species along the São Paulo, DNA barcoding was used. DNA barcoding revealed fishing and trafficking of these protected species
Angelshark
Genus of spiders
transferred to the new genus Tliltocatl. In 2017, Mendoza and Francke applied DNA barcoding to some Mexican species of Brachypelma. In this approach, a portion
Brachypelma
U.S. entomologist and tropical ecologist
to 15,000 as a result of the barcoding analysis program. Hallwachs and Janzen support initiatives to gather DNA barcodes for all of the species in the
Winifred_Hallwachs
Human and animal fungal infection
involvement. Other tests include ELISA, immunodiffusion, and Fungal DNA barcoding Treatment includes surgical removal of affected tissue and antifungal
Eumycetoma
Species of annelid worm
Vierna, Joaquín; Vizcaíno, Antón; Pfenninger, Markus (August 2016). "DNA barcoding of earthworms (Eisenia fetida/andrei complex) from 28 ecotoxicological
Eisenia_fetida
species identification and coins the term 'DNA Barcoding', proposing Cytochrome Oxidase 1 (CO1) as the DNA Barcode for Animals. 2004: Merck introduced a vaccine
Timeline of the history of genetics
Timeline_of_the_history_of_genetics
Canadian biologist
Carl Woese and colleagues in the 1980s to arthropods and called it DNA barcoding. Hebert holds the Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in molecular biodiversity
Paul_D._N._Hebert
Research institute at University of Guelph
construction. The CBG conducts research in species identification using DNA barcoding and metabarcoding. The Centre is recognized for its global role in biodiversity
Centre for Biodiversity Genomics
Centre_for_Biodiversity_Genomics
Species of centipede
morphological description, scientists have provided a transcriptomic profile, DNA barcoding data, detailed anatomical X-ray microtomography (micro-CT), and a movie
Eupolybothrus_cavernicolus
Biological kingdom
Observed on 4 October The application of DNA barcoding to taxonomy further complicates this; a 2016 barcoding analysis estimated a total count of nearly
Animal
Indian scientist (born 1974)
the development of "universal primer technology", a first generation DNA barcoding method, that can identify any bird, fish, reptile or mammal from a small
Sunil_Kumar_Verma
Single cell RNA sequencing method
Perturb-seq protocol uses CRISPR technology to inactivate specific genes and DNA barcoding of each guide RNA to allow for all perturbations to be pooled together
Perturb-seq
U.S.-based health and wellness retailer
Techen, Natascha; Murch, Susan J.; Khan, Ikhlas A. (September 2016). "DNA Barcoding for the Identification of Botanicals in Herbal Medicine and Dietary
GNC_(company)
Phylum of microscopic animals
Rebecchi, Lorena; Giovannini, Ilaria; Cesari, Michele (17 August 2011). "DNA barcoding and integrative taxonomy of Macrobiotus hufelandi C.A.S. Schultze 1834
Tardigrade
modelling and remote sensing have been used. Another powerful tool called DNA barcoding has emerged for rapid identification of invasive plants, allowing faster
List of invasive species in India
List_of_invasive_species_in_India
Subfamily of aquatic plants
of Life. The atpF-atpH non-coding spacer was chosen as a universal DNA barcoding marker for species-level identification of duckweeds. Extinct free-floating
Lemnoideae
Science of classifying organisms
a set of objects by similarity Consortium for the Barcode of Life – Organization for DNA barcoding as a global standard for species identification Consortium
Taxonomy_(biology)
Scientific collection of dried fungi
provide a library of genetic material for DNA barcoding and genomics, allowing scientists to extract and sequence DNA even from centuries-old specimens. Specimen
Fungarium
Taxon that has been discovered but not yet formally described and named
large-scale environmental DNA studies, the number of MOTUs can surpass described species by an order of magnitude. DNA barcoding, which uses standardized
Undescribed_taxon
Marine consumer-resource system
primers chosen for the previous DNA amplification. Microbial DNA barcoding Algae DNA barcoding Fish DNA barcoding DNA barcoding in diet assessment Kelp forests
Marine_food_web
Genus of orchids
pdf Sherif, N. A., Senthil Kumar, T., & Rao, M. V. (2020). DNA barcoding and genetic fidelity assessment of micropropagated Aenhenrya rotundifolia
Ludisia
Species of wasp
18, 2008. Hastings, Jon M.; Schultheis, Patrick J.; et al. (2008). "DNA barcoding of new world cicada killers (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae)" (PDF). Zootaxa
Sphecius_speciosus
Intentional food mislabelling
Sushi with DNA Barcodes – Contrasting Characteristic Attributes and Genetic Distances" "Single Laboratory Validated Method for DNA-Barcoding for the Species
Seafood_mislabelling
Species of fly
Gerard; Chareonviriyaphap, Theeraphap (October 2020). "New records and DNA barcoding of deer flies, Chrysops (Diptera: Tabanidae) in Thailand". Acta Tropica
Chrysops_dispar
Forensic application of the study of particulate matter
palynology has seen advancements in DNA barcoding from pollen, to the level of singular pollen molecules, allowing DNA profiles to be created from singular
Forensic_palynology
Genus of flowering plants in the buttercup family
style and stamens. Pulsatilla species can also be distinguished by DNA barcoding. As of March 2024[update], many sources, such as Plants of the World
Pulsatilla
Plant plastidial gene
reverse transcriptase domain. Universal matK primers can be used for DNA barcoding of angiosperms. LtrA, an open reading frame found in the Lactococcus
Maturase_K
Species of wasp
of 179 species identified by the first "turbo-taxonomic" search of DNA barcoding of cytochrome oxidase I (COI). Gaga, a genus of ferns also named after
Aleiodes_gaga
Measure of divergence between populations
Taxonomy and Species Delimitation: Determining genetic distance through DNA barcoding is an effective tool for delimiting species especially identifying cryptic
Genetic_distance
Paraphyletic group of birds
Zoltán T.; Van Houdt, Jeroen; Louette, Michel (23 September 2012). "DNA barcoding and evolutionary relationships in Accipiter Brisson, 1760 (Aves, Falconiformes:
Bird_of_prey
Japanese dish with vinegared rice
Product Misdescription in Italy-A Crosstalk between Citizen Science and DNA Barcoding". Foods. 10 (4): 756. doi:10.3390/foods10040756. PMC 8066630. PMID 33918119
Sushi
Transfer of genes from unrelated organisms
Lee HO, Park JY, et al. (2020-04-09). "Mitochondrial plastid DNA can cause DNA barcoding paradox in plants". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 6112. Bibcode:2020NatSR
Horizontal_gene_transfer
Medical diagnosis process
Antibody barcoding is a protein profiling technique that has been used to analyze hundreds of proteins from small tissue samples, such as minimally invasive
Antibody_barcoding
Family of amphibians
September 2022, at least 237 species are recognized in this family. DNA barcoding research has shown, however, that more than 100 distinct genetic lineages
Mantellidae
Genus of wasps
Polistes (Fuscopolistes), using male genitalia, morphometrics and DNA barcoding, with descriptions of two new species (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)". Zootaxa
Polistes
Root vegetable of India
Mool, Kuliner India Seiring Kisah Rama Sinta" (in Indonesian). Tempo. "DNA barcoding for identification of the enigmatic plant Ramkand" (PDF). Current Science
Ram_Kand_Mool
Scientific publishing house
description (Eupolybothrus cavernicolus) to combine transcriptomics, DNA barcoding, and micro-CT imaging data in the same paper, in the Biodiversity Data
Pensoft_Publishers
Scientific collection of dried plants
light of climate change. Even ancient fungaria represent a source for DNA-barcoding of ancient samples. Many kinds of scientists and naturalists use herbaria
Herbarium
Academic journal
Mitochondrial DNA has published so far two special free-access issues on DNA Barcoding: Mexican Barcode of Life (MexBOL) in December 2010 Fish Barcode of Life
Mitochondrial_DNA_(journal)
Genus of plants
; Janzen, Daniel H. & Hallwachs, Winnie (2004): Ten species in one: DNA barcoding reveals cryptic species in the semitropical skipper butterfly Astraptes
Styrax
Microscopic algae
consortia Techniques Dark-field microscopy DNA sequencing Impedance microbiology Microbial cytology Microbial DNA barcoding Microbiological culture Staining Other
Microalgae
Species of butterfly
species. A controversial 2004 DNA barcoding study of a 648 base pair sequence from the Cytochrome c oxidase (COI) DNA sequence by Paul D. N. Hébert et
Telegonus_fulgerator
of biological inventories are drawing on the speed and efficiency of DNA barcoding for taxonomic identification. These efforts have the potential to greatly
All-taxa biodiversity inventory
All-taxa_biodiversity_inventory
Genus of plants
Burns, J. M.; Janzen, D. H.; Hallwachs, W. (2004). "Ten species in one: DNA barcoding reveals cryptic species in the neotropical skipper butterfly Astraptes
Celtis
Many-legged arthropods with elongated bodies
Autónoma de México. pp. 143–168. Svetnik, Ilja (2019). Red List and DNA barcoding of Carinthian and Styrian centipedes (Chilopoda) (Thesis). Shelley,
Centipede
Family of fishes
Groupers are commonly reported as a source of ciguatera fish poisoning. DNA barcoding of grouper species might help control ciguatera fish poisoning, since
Grouper
Species of moth
taxonomic works, and ecological studies of the Arctiinae as a group. DNA barcoding studies using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI)
Agreeable_tiger_moth
Eukaryotes other than animals, plants or fungi
predictions are highly subjective. Molecular techniques such as environmental DNA barcoding have revealed a vast diversity of undescribed protists that accounts
Protist
Species of fish native to Thailand
diversity in the genus. Recent speciation efforts have included use of DNA barcoding to differentiate species, specifically comparing the CO1 gene of the
Siamese_fighting_fish
Furniture specifically designed for outdoor use
"Growing Teak in the Top End of the NT" (PDF). 27 November 2002. "DNA barcoding and conservation of rattans in trade | Kew". www.kew.org. Retrieved
Garden_furniture
Archipelago in the Indian Ocean and governorate of Yemen
Unexpectedly High Levels of Cryptic Diversity Uncovered by a Complete DNA Barcoding of Reptiles of the Socotra Archipelago. PLOS ONE 11(3): e0149985. https://doi
Socotra_Governorate
Branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences
is in DNA barcoding, wherein the species of an individual organism is identified using small sections of mitochondrial DNA or chloroplast DNA. Another
Molecular_phylogenetics
Method for lineage tracing using CRISPR-Cas9-edited barcodes
introducing a small DNA barcode that contains regularly spaced CRISPR/Cas9 target sites into the genomes of progenitor cells. Alongside the barcode, Cas9 and sgRNA
GESTALT
Species of wasp
Polistes (Fuscopolistes), using male genitalia, morphometrics and DNA barcoding, with descriptions of two new species (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)". Zootaxa
Polistes_carolina
Genus of bacteria in the Alphaproteobacteria class
were found in seven other Drosophila species. In an application of DNA barcoding to the identification of species of Protocalliphora flies, several distinct
Wolbachia
Statistical Markov model
Reif, John (2019-05-17). "Improved Optical Multiplexing with Temporal DNA Barcodes". ACS Synthetic Biology. 8 (5): 1100–1111. doi:10.1021/acssynbio.9b00010
Hidden_Markov_model
Species of fish
Trueman, Clive; Rosa, Rui; Sims, David & Queiroz, Nuno (4 July 2016). "DNA barcoding identifies a cosmopolitan diet in the ocean sunfish" (PDF). Scientific
Ocean_sunfish
Aquatic, unicellular protists with two flagella
S2CID 85929661. Wang L, Zhuang Y, Zhang H, Lin X, Lin S (January 2014). "DNA barcoding species in Alexandrium tamarense complex using ITS and proposing designation
Dinoflagellate
Gill-bearing non-tetrapod aquatic vertebrates
2012). "Cryptic Diversity in Indo-Pacific Coral-Reef Fishes Revealed by DNA-Barcoding Provides New Support to the Centre-of-Overlap Hypothesis". PLOS ONE
Fish
Spores produced in an ascus
of fungi: where do we stand and how accurate and precise is fungal DNA barcoding?". IMA Fungus. 11 (1) 14. doi:10.1186/s43008-020-00033-z. PMC 7353689
Ascospore
Process of taking existing name to single organisms
knowledge base with species information. Automated species identification DNA barcoding DNA profiling Molecular marker Taxonomy D.Burns, P.Harrison and P. Baverstock
Identification_(biology)
Microscopic living organism
and transfer DNA from one cell to another through direct contact, particularly under stressful environmental conditions that cause DNA damage. Like archaea
Microorganism
Species of insect
(Lepidoptera, Yponomeutidae), a complex of two species: evidence from DNA barcoding, morphology and ecology". ZooKeys (46): 41–60. doi:10.3897/zookeys.46
Ailanthus_webworm
Species of oceanic ray-finned fish
Regalecus is a report of eggs from the western Pacific, identified using DNA barcoding techniques, and a juvenile 13.7 millimetres (0.54 in) (in standard length)
Giant_oarfish
Species of termite
V.; James, E.R.; Perlman, S.J.; Keeling, P.J. (2013). "Single-cell DNA barcoding using sequences from the small subunit rRNA and internal transcribed
Zootermopsis_angusticollis
Feature inherited from common ancestor
Neighbor-joining UPGMA Least squares Three-taxon analysis Current topics PhyloCode DNA barcoding Molecular phylogenetics Phylogenetic comparative methods Phylogenetic
Primitive_(phylogenetics)
Species of fish
"Identification and Re-Evaluation of Freshwater Catfishes through DNA Barcoding". PLOS ONE. 7 (11) e49950. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...749950B. doi:10.1371/journal
Sperata_seenghala
Scientific study of insects
These 100 Trigonopterus species were described simultaneously using DNA barcoding.
Entomology
Species of lizard
Phylogenetic studies have shown that P. sokotranus is paraphyletic, and DNA barcoding reveals about 9% intraspecific divergence at the cytochrome c oxidase
Socotra_rock_gecko
Superfamily of mites
Jing-Feng; Li, Hao-Sen; Wang, Bing; Xue, Xiao-Feng; Hong, Xiao-Yue (2015). "DNA barcoding reveals the protogyne and deutogyne of Tegolophus celtis sp. nov. (Acari:
Eriophyoidea
DNA BARCODING
DNA BARCODING
Female
Native American
Native American Hopi name UNA means "remember." Compare with another form of Una.
Female
English
 English surname transferred to unisex forename use, possibly DANA means "from Denmark." Compare with other forms of Dana.
Female
Hebrew
(×“Ö¼Ö¸× Ö¸×”) Feminine form of Hebrew Dan, DANA means "judge." Compare with other forms of Dana.
Female
English
 Variant spelling of English Dinah, DINA means "judgment." Compare with another form of Dina.
Female
Italian
 Short form of Italian Adona, DONA means "my lord."
Female
Irish
Short form of Irish Gaelic CatrÃona, RÃONA means "pure."
Male
English
English surname transferred to unisex forename use, possibly DANA means "from Denmark."
Female
Polish
Polish name of Lithuanian origin, GRAŻYNA means "beautiful."
Female
English
 Variant spelling of English Oona, possibly ONA means "famine, hunger." Compare with another form of Ona.
Female
English
Anglicized form of Irish Gaelic Eithne, ENA means "kernel."
Female
Serbian
(Bulgarian and Serbian Ðна): Bulgarian and Serbian form of Greek Hanna, ANA means "favor; grace."
Female
Hebrew
(×¢Ö¶×“Ö°× Ö¸×”) Hebrew name EDNA means "delight, pleasure, rejuvenation." In the apocryphal Book of Tobit, this is the name of the mother of Sarah. Compare with another form of Edna.
Female
Irish
Irish Gaelic form of French Catherine, CAITRÃONA means "pure."
Female
English
Anglicized form of Irish Gaelic Úna, probably UNA means "famine, hunger." Compare with another form of Una.
Female
Scottish
 Short form of Scottish Murdina, DINA means "sea warrior." Compare with another form of Dina.
Female
Irish
Irish Gaelic name FÃONA means "vine."
Female
Spanish
Portuguese and Spanish form of Latin Anna, ANA means "favor; grace."Â Compare with another form of Ana.
Girl/Female
English American
A names ending in 'ina' or 'ena' (ie. Christina) used as a nickname. Famous bearer: In 1906...
Female
Slavic
 Short form of Slavic Bogdana, DANA means "gift from God." Compare with other forms of Dana.
Female
Portuguese
Portuguese form of Greek Lydia, LÃDIA means "of Lydia."
DNA BARCODING
DNA BARCODING
Boy/Male
Muslim
Method, Way, Mode, Manner, One who crosses the river of life, Morning star
Male
African
walks slowly, stealthily.
Surname or Lastname
English (west country)
English (west country) : topographic name for someone who lived by a fen or marsh, a variant of Fenner, reflecting the voicing of f that was characteristic of southwestern dialects of Middle English.English : occupational name for a huntsman, from Old French veneo(u)r (Latin venator, a derivative of venari ‘to hunt’).Dutch and North German : topographic name for someone living by a pit, moor, or fen, from Venn + the suffix -er denoting an inhabitant, or a habitational name for someone from places called Venn or Venne.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Rich or from hadria, Gem, Goddess Lakshmi, Graceful, Singer
Girl/Female
Australian, Czech, Czechoslovakian
Feminine of Ivan
Girl/Female
English
Unity; concord; musically in tune. Harmonia was the mythological daughter of Aphrodite.
Girl/Female
Indian
Efficiency, Care
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
A Flower; Delicate; Soft; Slender
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Jain, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Mythological, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sikh
One who Pleases Others; The Bull of Shiva; Lord Shiva
Surname or Lastname
English
English : possibly a reduced and altered form of Scottish McLaren.
DNA BARCODING
DNA BARCODING
DNA BARCODING
DNA BARCODING
DNA BARCODING
n.
A variant of Dan, a title of honor.
n.
A viola da gamba.
pl.
of Auto-da-fe
n.
See Doa.
n.
Lady; mistress; madam; -- a title of respect used in Spain, prefixed to the Christian name of a lady.
n.
A disease; black jaundice. See Mel/na.
n.
Same as Auto-da-fe.
n.
A title of honor equivalent to master, or sir.
n.
An ancient musical instrument in use among the Jews. Dan. iii. 5. It is supposed to be the same with the psaltery.
n.
A descendant of Dan; an Israelite of the tribe of Dan.
n.
A piece of DNA, usually circular, functioning as part of the genetic material of a cell, not integrated with the chromosome and replicating independently of the chromosome, but transferred, like the chromosome, to subsequent generations. In bacteria, plasmids often carry the genes for antibiotic resistance; they are exploited in genetic engineering as the vehicles for introduction of extraneous DNA into cells, to alter the genetic makeup of the cell. The cells thus altered may produce desirable proteins which are extracted and used; in the case of genetically altered plant cells, the altered cells may grow into complete plants with changed properties, as for example, increased resistance to disease.
n.
A title anciently given to the pope, and later to other church dignitaries and some monastic orders. See Don, and Dan.
a. & adv.
No, not. See No.
n.
A small truck or sledge used in coal mines.
adv.
Of each; an equal quantity; as, wine and honey, ana (or, contracted, aa), / ij., that is, of wine and honey, each, two ounces.