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Tone phenomenon in some languages
§ Brackets and transcription delimiters. Look up downstep or catathesis in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Downstep is a phenomenon in tone languages in which
Downstep
System of phonetic notation
syllable-initial consonant. ⟨ꜛ ꜜ⟩ are defined in the Handbook as "upstep" and "downstep", concepts from tonal languages. However, the upstep symbol can also be
International Phonetic Alphabet
International_Phonetic_Alphabet
Language that uses pitch changes for accent
"accent" may be characterized as a downstep rather than as pitch accent. The pitch of a word rises until it reaches a downstep and then drops abruptly. In a
Pitch-accent_language
American rapper and actor (born 1974)
American Violet as Darrell Hughes, this year marked a significant financial downstep for him, earning merely $70,000, opposed by almost $500,000 one year prior
Xzibit
Principal language of Akan lands in Ghana
"prominent" syllable of a clause, usually the first high tone, there is a downstep. This syllable is usually stressed. Twi-Fante historically employed a noun
Twi-Fante_language
Dialects of the Japanese language
Kyoto type (tone+downstep) Tokyo type (downstep) Map of Japanese pitch-accent types. The divide between Kyoto and Tokyo types is used as the Eastern–Western
Japanese_dialects
Southern Luo Language
[pf] and [bv]. Acholi is a tonal language. It has high, low, downstep high and double downstep high tones, but also two contour tones: one rising and one
Acholi_dialect
Where the high or mid tones shift downward in pitch after certain other tones
the high or mid tones, but not the low tone, shift downward in pitch (downstep) after certain other tones. The result is that a tone may be realized at
Tone_terracing
Gbe language
but their effect remains as a downstep. Rising tones (low–high) simplify to high after high (without triggering downstep) and to low before high. Hwevísatɔ́
Fon_language
Bantu language of northwest Angola
two contrasting tones: a high (á) and a low tone (à). There is also a downstep in cases of tonal sandhi. There is vowel harmony in two groups (the high
Kimbundu
Theoretical smallest unit of timing
examples, namely コーン茶 and チェーン店 – the drop in pitch of a word (so-called "downstep") cannot come after any of these "special morae", a useful tidbit for language
Mora_(linguistics)
2016 EP by Steve Taylor & The Danielson Foil
Title Length 1. "Drat" 2:49 2. "The Dust Patrol" 1:59 3. "A Muse" 2:31 4. "Nonchalant" 3:00 5. "Wait Up Downstep" 2:28 6. "Wow to the Deadness" 2:33
Wow_to_the_Deadness
Raising of the pitch of a second, same-tone syllable
Sub-Saharan Africa. Upstep is a much rarer phenomenon than its counterpart, downstep. The symbol for upstep in the International Phonetic Alphabet is a superscript
Upstep
Unicode denominator & numerator glyphs
⟨ꜞ⟩ were adopted as the Africanist equivalents of the IPA characters ⟨ꜜ⟩ downstep and ⟨ꜛ⟩ upstep. Their correspondence to the IPA click letter ⟨ǃ⟩ and the
Unicode subscripts and superscripts
Unicode_subscripts_and_superscripts
Use of pitch to distinguish lexical or grammatical meaning
and vowels do. In many register-tone languages, low tones may cause a downstep in following high or mid tones; the effect is such that even while the
Tone_(linguistics)
Symbol or mark representing linguistic tone
sometimes written before the syllable, in accordance with writing stress and downstep before the syllable, and as had been done with the unstaffed letters in
Tone_letter
non-pitch features can be seen in two uses of pitch downsteps. In one, the minor-third pattern, the downstep in pitch, prototypically about three semitones
English_prosody
segments that bear them. Tonal sandhi processes like tone spread, tone shift, downstep and downdrift are common in African languages. Widespread syntactical structures
Languages_of_Africa
Mambiloid language of Cameroon
mid tone being both unmarked ⟨a⟩ for example. Phonologically conditioned downstep is unmarked. *Only in eastern dialects, on short vowels. All other dialects
Vute_language
Mande language
Bambara, and Susu. All of these preserve the typical West African terraced downstep in tonality that is only lightly alluded to in the Western Mandinka dialects
Mandinka_language
Language family of West Africa
for aspect. Most Gur languages to the north of Senufo have a two tone downstep system, but the tonal system of the Senufo languages is mostly analysed
Senufo_languages
Benue–Congo language spoken in Cameroon
Mateteyou's analysis includes a mid tone, while Nchare's analysis includes downstep. Bamum distinguishes between lexical and grammatical tone. Rovenchak, Andrij;
Bamum_language
Unicode character block
Ozumacín Chinantec. ⟨ꜛ ꜜ⟩ are the IPA modifier letters for upstep and downstep, while ⟨ꜝ ꜞ ꜟ⟩ are substitutes people used before broad font support of
Modifier_Tone_Letters
Branch of the Niger–Congo languages
Gur languages have been described as following the model of a two tone downstep system, but the languages of Oti-Volta branch and some others have three
Gur_languages
Bantu language in Kenya
Kikuyu has two level tones (high and low), a low-high rising tone, and downstep. Kikuyu features a vowel height-based harmony system similar to that in
Kikuyu_language
Phonetic symbol chart
Tone registers ◌̋ ˥ ꜒ Extra-high (top) ◌́ ˦ ꜓ High ◌̄ ˧ ꜔ Mid ◌̀ ˨ ꜕ Low ◌̏ ˩ ꜖ Extra-low (bottom) ꜜ◌ Downstep ꜛ◌ Upstep
International Phonetic Alphabet chart
International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart
Large language family of Sub-Saharan Africa
the influence of depressor consonants or through the introduction of a downstep. Languages which have more tonal levels tend to use tone more for lexical
Niger–Congo_languages
Edoid language spoken in Nigeria
Ghotuo speakers tended to remove downstep from their speech when speaking with non-native speakers. This indicates the downstep in Ghotuo is speaker-controlled
Ghotuo_language
Japanese dialect
form is flat, and the accent on the soft negative imperative form has a downstep before na. 五段 godan verbs: 使う /tukau/ becomes 使うな /tukauna/ in the normal
Kansai_dialect
Gur language spoken in West Africa
and short vowels. Moba is a tonal language, with four tones. It exhibits downstep, meaning that the second of two consecutive identical tones is slightly
Moba_language
Change in tone contour based on adjacent syllable tones
the reversed tone letters are ⟨꜒ ꜓ ꜔ ꜕ ꜖⟩.[citation needed] Downdrift Downstep Floating tone Tone terracing Vowel harmony A citation tone is the tone
Tone_sandhi
Lowering of pitch during a sentence
In phonetics, downdrift (also known as automatic downstep) is the cumulative lowering of pitch in the course of a sentence due to interactions among tones
Downdrift
Senufo language of Ghana and Ivory Coast
sometimes has a rising feature, the High tone sometimes is subject to downstep (a tonal process resulting in a High tone being realised lower than a preceding
Nafanan_language
Guang language spoken in Ghana
/ɔ̃/, /a/, and /ã/ respectfully. Gua has two basic tones, high and low. Downstep occurs in High-Low-High tone sequences. Gua at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
Gua_language
Mambiloid language, spoken in Cameroon
Nizaa also exhibits downstep (ꜜH), which is a high tone realised lower than the preceding high tone but higher than a mid tone. Downstep arises when a sequence
Nizaa_language
Southern Luo language
cook'. There exist six tones: low, high, falling, rising, downstep high and double downstep high. Kumam exhibits tone sandhi in two ways. The first is
Kumam_dialect
the salient pitch downstep, this construction involves pitch high in the speaker's range; flat pitch before and after the downstep; lengthening, especially
Prosodic_construction
Language isolate of central Tanzania
a low-high sequence. Thus at a phonemic level, high, low, falling, and downstep are contrastive. The majority of Sandawe syllables are CV. Morpheme-initially
Sandawe_language
Gur language of Northern Ghana
mat'. The tone system of Dagbani is characterised by two-level tones and downstep (a lowering effect occurring between sequences of the same phonemic tone)
Dagbani_language
Linguistic term
[bá] river; [bâ] the river. When it occurs between two high tones, it downsteps the following tone: [bá tɛ́] it's not a river [bá tɛ̄] (or [bá ꜜ tɛ́])
Floating_tone
Japanese language feature
with the IPA symbol for "downstep," [ꜜ], a notation used by Vance (2008), but it is not to be confused with actual downstep or catathesis, which is not
Japanese_pitch_accent
Additional letter in latin script
Ogba language, where a macron diacritic mark is used to indicate a tonal downstep. In Michel Launey's normalized orthography of Nahuatl, Ō is used to represent
O_with_macron_(Latin)
British phonetician (1881–1967)
competent description of an African tone language, including the concept of downstep. Jones helped develop new alphabets for African languages, and suggested
Daniel_Jones_(phonetician)
Eastern Gurunsi language primarily of northern Togo
the imperative form of the verb (H, L, HL). Kabiye also has automatic downstep, where a H following a L is always pronounced on a lower pitch than the
Kabiye_language
Igboid language of Nigeria
indicated with the circumflex accent : ⟨â, ê, ệ, î, ị̂, ô, ộ, û, ụ̂⟩ ; the downstep is indicated with the macron : ⟨ā, ē, ẹ̄, ī, ị̄, ō, ọ̄, ū, ụ̄⟩. Ogba at
Ogba_language
Language family of Mesoamerica
particularly Mixtecan, also have tone terracing in which some tones "upstep" or "downstep," which causes a rise or drop in pitch level for the entire tonal register
Oto-Manguean_languages
Mande language of southern Sierra Leone
rising, falling, rising-falling. These serve as relative tones within a downstep system, though some researchers propose it has extra tones with a multi-level
Mende_language
Guang language of Benin
grammatical. There are two tones, High (H) and Low (L). Foodo also has automatic downstep, where a H following a L is always pronounced on a lower pitch than the
Foodo_language
Remapping of the IPA into ASCII
ʡ epiglottal plosive Archi гӀарз (complaint) [>\arz] ^ ꜛ upstep ! ꜜ downstep !\ ǃ postalveolar click Zulu iqaqa (polecat) [i:!\a:!\a] | | minor (foot)
X-SAMPA
Medumba shows downstep, where H is produced at a lower pitch than an immediately preceding H tone; downstep is represented as (ꜜ). Downstep is viewed as
Medumba_phonology
Nilo-Saharan language spoken in Sudan
phonemic tones with clear and strong downdrift, with no third tone or even downstep. The shortening of syllables ending in /r/ has led to many words that have
Afitti_language
Dialect of Wu Chinese
Chinese. The surface realization at the end of an utterance is a low akin to downstep, but in flowing speech is a mid/neutral pitch or may appear to copy the
Suzhou_dialect
Language spoken by the Omaha and Ponca people
its 'mother' language." Omaha–Ponca is a tonal language that utilizes downstep (accent) or a lowering process that applies to the second of two high-tone
Omaha–Ponca_language
Endangered language of Nigeria
disyllabic words, high–low and low–high contours occur. In addition, there is a downstep that may appear between high tones, and which is the remnant of an elided
Defaka_language
Bantu language spoken in DR Congo
It is a tonal language with four tones: high, low, falling and rising. Downstep can occur between two high tones or between a high and falling tone. A
Mituku_language
Ekoid language of Nigeria
may be being lost. (Blench) Tones are high, low, rising, falling and a downstep; rising and falling may be tone sequences. Roger Blench, 'Ekoid' (with
Mbe_language
Language
Faso. Dagaare is a tonal language with a two-level tone system with a downstep high tone. The Dagaare tone has two basic functions, namely a lexical and
Dagaare_language
Gur language spoken in Ghana
Vagla has four tones: rising, falling, and two level tones. It also has downstep. Nasals and laterals can also carry tones. Vagla uses ⟨i⟩ to represent
Vagla_language
Language spoken in Ethiopia and Sudan
labializing a velar or uvular consonant. Tones are high and low, with downstep. Word order is AVO, with marked nominative case, though there is AOV order
Gumuz_language
B'aga language spoken in Ethiopia
a tonal language: vowels can bear high and low tone. Some examples of downstep occur. Daatsʼíin has several grammatical differences from other Gumuz languages
Daatsʼiin_language
Edoid language spoken in Nigeria
distinctive tones: high, low, falling, rising and mid. Mid tone is the result of downstep of a high tone after a low tone. The contour tones (falling and rising)
Afenmai_language
adjective assumes the class prefix of the noun). Note that there is no downstep between the two words and that high toned subjectival concords cause any
Sotho_parts_of_speech
Bantu language spoken in Cameroon
second H is slightly lower than the first. In some words there is also downstep in which in a sequence H H, the second H is slightly lower than the first
Manenguba_languages
(absence of a break) ⟨↗, ↘⟩ for global rise and fall of pitch ⟨ꜜ, ꜛ⟩ for downstep and upstep Tone, which had been indicated with an iconic line preceding
History of the International Phonetic Alphabet
History_of_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet
following vowels and tones: */i e ɛ a ɔ o u/; high, low, rising, falling, and downstep. The rising and falling tones, though, might be composite. It is thought
Ekoid_languages
Luo language spoken in South Sudan
of Päri". Afrika und Übersee. 71 (1): 63–113. Andersen, Torben (1988). "Downstep in Päri: the tone system of a Western Nilotic language". Studies in African
Päri_language
Bantu language spoken in Zambia and Tanzania
Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online Lee S. Bickmore (2000). "Downstep and fusion in Namwanga". Cambridge Journals (Cambridge University Press)
Mwanga_language
Language for Ngwa people
indicated with the circumflex accent : ⟨â, ê, ệ, î, ị̂, ô, ộ, û, ụ̂⟩ ; the downstep is indicated with the macron : ⟨ā, ē, ẹ̄, ī, ị̄, ō, ọ̄, ū, ụ̄⟩. Omenihu
Ngwa_dialect
Tone system of the Sotho language
slightly more dramatic lowering of pitch (a downstep) may occur between certain syllables. In Sesotho, the downstep (indicated with a !) naturally occurs between
Sotho_tonology
Igboid language spoken in Nigeria
tone has only raised high (R). The tone system also has three features: downstep (!), upstep (^) and latent low (‘ placed before the word). Rules for the
Izi_language
Grassfields language of Cameroon
S2CID 125741496. Danis, Nick; Barnes, Jonathan; O'Connor, Catherine (2012). "Downstep and Contour Formation in Medumba: A Prosodic Account". Selected Proceedings
Medumba_language
Aspect of the Luganda language
the high tones. This descent, which is known as downdrift, 'automatic downstep', or 'catathesis', is common in many African languages whenever tones come
Luganda_tones
Afro-Asiatic language of Nigeria
assimilation or other phonological processes, including downdrift and downstep. Although there are words that are posited to have an underlying rising
Goemai_language
Gur language spoken in Ghana
spreading". The tonal system is a terracing system with two tones and emic downsteps, but with the H! sequence being realized as extra-high in some contexts
Kusaal_language
$T1- \`` @0 _1 _B Extra-low 517 ꜛ /) \|u #< ^ Upstep 518 ꜜ \) \|d #> ! Downstep 519 ˥ 5 5 $T5- \-5 #4 <T> Extra-high 520 ˦ 4 4 $T4- \-4 #3 <H> High 521
Comparison of ASCII encodings of the International Phonetic Alphabet
Comparison_of_ASCII_encodings_of_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet
Athabaskan language spoken in British Columbia
otherwise be tonic. Representing this phonemic drop in pitch with the downstep symbol ꜜ, there is a contrast between the surface tone following an unaccented
Carrier_language
Japanese dialect spoken in Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture
Tokyo, and Low-Low-High-High-High in Nagoya. Some words have different downsteps between Nagoya and Tokyo. For example, Nagoya is pronounced as High-Low-Low
Nagoya_dialect
Eastern Sudanic language of Ethiopia
possible at the end of phonological words, plus automatic and non-automatic downstep. The language has markers to indicate three different past tenses (close
Majang_language
Phonetic features of Chichewa
a process common in many languages and known as downdrift, automatic downstep, or catathesis. This tends to occur (with some exceptions) whenever two
Chichewa_tones
DOWNSTEP
DOWNSTEP
DOWNSTEP
DOWNSTEP
Boy/Male
Muslim
Slave of the manifest
Boy/Male
Arabic
Name of Prophet Muhammad's Sword
Boy/Male
Hindi
Provides light.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Indian, Kannada, Muslim
Old Arabic Name
Boy/Male
Latin
From Albanus meaning 'of Alba', the ancient Latin city Alba Longa, whose name derives from albus...
Girl/Female
Tamil
Sharnaya | à®·à®°à¯à®¨à®¾à®¯à®¾
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Traditional
Moon Among Victors
Boy/Male
Indian, Tamil
Sun
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Japanese
Beloved
Girl/Female
Muslim
(The daughter of Jahsh al-asd)
DOWNSTEP
DOWNSTEP
DOWNSTEP
DOWNSTEP
DOWNSTEP