Search references for EFFECTIVE TORQUE. Phrases containing EFFECTIVE TORQUE
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Measure of torque on geartrains
Effective torque (often referred to as wheel torque or torque to the wheels) is a concept primarily associated with automotive tuning. Torque can be measured
Effective_torque
Measure of an engine's capacity to do work
mean effective pressure (BMEP, p m e {\displaystyle p_{me}} ) - Mean effective pressure calculated from measured brake torque. Indicated mean effective pressure
Mean_effective_pressure
Socket wrench power tool
An impact wrench is a socket wrench power tool designed to deliver high torque output with minimal exertion by the user, by storing energy in a rotating
Impact_wrench
increase the torque dynamically more than average torque value. Step-skewing and continuous skewing are the effective measures to reduce the torque ripple,
Torque_ripple
Technology in all-wheel drive vehicles
Torque vectoring is a technology employed in automobile differentials that has the ability to vary the torque to each half-shaft with an electronic system;
Torque_vectoring
Light motorcycle
using a larger rear sprocket with more teeth, which increased the effective torque of the rear wheel, trading off lower top speed as a result. Uhl said
Honda_Super_Cub
Automotive transmission technology
or vice versa, changing the effective gear ratio of the transmission. Toroidal CVTs can generally withstand higher torque loads than a pulley-based CVT
Continuously variable transmission
Continuously_variable_transmission
8-speed automatic from 2008
generation designation. It was first used in the BMW 7 Series (F01) 760Li, has a torque handling limit of 700 N⋅m (516 lb⋅ft), and weighs 87 kg (192 lb). In addition
ZF_8HP_transmission
Topics referred to by the same term
WTQ may refer to: Effective torque, also known as wheel torque Wet Tropics of Queensland This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title
WTQ
Type of mechanical seal
bolt is an effective way to prevent torque loss. Heating for a certain period of time to stretch the bolt, and then maintaining a given torque, is very
Gasket
Machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy
electric current in a wire winding to generate Lorentz force in the form of torque applied on the motor's shaft. An electric generator is mechanically identical
Electric_motor
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
conventional Otto cycle. The reduction in cylinder charge means reduced torque and power output, but efficiency is increased. This combination makes the
Toyota_NZ_engine
Concept in the physics of electromagnetism
field. The magnetic dipole moment of an object determines the magnitude of torque the object experiences in a given magnetic field. When the same magnetic
Magnetic_moment
Motor which works on direct current
on and off cycles which have an effective lower voltage. Since the series-wound DC motor develops its highest torque at low speed, it is often used in
DC_motor
Type of rotorcraft
the configuration of a single main rotor accompanied by a vertical anti-torque tail rotor (i.e. unicopter, not to be confused with the single-blade monocopter)
Helicopter
Type of engine created by Toyota
engine has a greater effective expansion than compression. Output is 73 kW (98 hp; 99 PS) at 5200 rpm and 142 N⋅m (105 lb⋅ft) of torque at 4000 rpm for the
Toyota_ZR_engine
Problem in quantum optics
{\displaystyle \mathbf {\Omega } =(-\kappa E,0,\delta )} acts as an effective torque. As before, the Rabi problem is solved by assuming that the electric
Rabi_problem
Motor vehicle automatic and manual transmissions
PowerLine" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 June 2023. Efficient Torque Converter Automatic Transmission for Commercial Vehicles (ZF 8AP) · Winfried
List_of_ZF_transmissions
Property of space that quantifies the magnetic influence at a given location
fields deflect moving electric charges (including electric currents), apply torques on magnets to twist them in the direction of the magnetic field, and attract
Magnetic_field
Internally commutated electric motor
Depending on the connections of the field to the power supply, the speed and torque characteristics of a brushed motor can be altered to provide steady speed
Brushed_DC_electric_motor
World's first 7-speed automatic from 2003
engines up to 400 N⋅m (295 lb⋅ft) or 700 N⋅m (516 lb⋅ft) maximum input torque. This fifth-generation transmission was the first 7-speed automatic transmission
Mercedes-Benz 7G-Tronic transmission
Mercedes-Benz_7G-Tronic_transmission
World's first 4-speed automatic from 1961
accommodate the increased torque. When the torque converter technique was fully established, the fluid coupling was replaced by a torque converter for the smaller
Mercedes-Benz first series automatic transmission
Mercedes-Benz_first_series_automatic_transmission
British sports car developed by McLaren Automotive
total system output of 1,275 PS (938 kW) and 1,340 N⋅m (990 lbf⋅ft) of torque. The W1 has an estimated top speed of 350 km/h (220 mph), capable of accelerating
McLaren_W1
Family of V8 and V6 engines
(201 kW) and 315 lb⋅ft (427 N⋅m) of torque. The 2000–2003 engines produced 285 hp (213 kW) and 325 lb⋅ft (441 N⋅m) of torque. The 2004–2007 engines produced
General Motors LS-based small-block engine
General_Motors_LS-based_small-block_engine
5-speed automatic from 1996
engines up to 330 N⋅m (243 lb⋅ft) or 580 N⋅m (428 lb⋅ft) maximum input torque. The W5A 280 and W5A 300 were built for vans and SUVs, the W5A 400 for off-road
Mercedes-Benz 5G-Tronic transmission
Mercedes-Benz_5G-Tronic_transmission
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
intake ports that opened and closed to vary the effective inlet tract length. Due to this system, the torque on the early 2.5-litre variant of the US-market
Ford_Duratec_V6_engine
Machine used to measure force or mechanical power
A dynamometer or "dyno" is a device for simultaneously measuring the torque and rotational speed (RPM) of an engine, motor or other rotating prime mover
Dynamometer
Series of V8 engines built by Chrysler
(664 N⋅m) at 4000 rpm of torque. In actual dynamometer testing, it produced 433.5 hp (323 kW; 440 PS) and 472 lb⋅ft (640 N⋅m) of torque in purely stock form
Chrysler_Hemi_engine
Motor vehicle automatic and manual transmissions
Longitudinal 2.3061 −1.8361 1.0000 1.5186 3 2 2.3061 1.8361 S 2.3333 3 2 Torque Converter Hydraulic 4-Bolt W3A 050 50 kg⋅m (490 N⋅m; 362 lb⋅ft) 1973 – 1980
List of Mercedes-Benz transmissions
List_of_Mercedes-Benz_transmissions
Sports car
(203 N⋅m) of torque. 2000GT Twin Cam 24: 1,988 cc (1.988 L; 121.3 cu in) DOHC 1G-GEU 160 PS (118 kW; 158 hp) and 134 lb⋅ft (182 N⋅m) of torque. 2000 Turbo:
Toyota_Supra
Unit of power
European units of measurement directives Horsepower-hour Mean effective pressure Torque "Horsepower". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 24 June
Horsepower
stalled torque test. From this test, short-circuit current at normal voltage, power factor on short circuit, total leakage reactance, and starting torque of
Blocked_rotor_test
Drivetrain transmitting propulsion power
more gears working together—to change the speed, direction of rotation, or torque multiplication or reduction, in a machine. He had been anticipated by Carl
Transmission (mechanical device)
Transmission_(mechanical_device)
Chevrolet Express and GMC Savana, 6,599 cc (402.7 cu in) V8 diesel The mean effective pressure (MEP) is a useful comparison tool, giving the average cylinder
List of automotive superlatives
List_of_automotive_superlatives
Sports sedan and rally car
differential and a more effective limited-slip differential, while a front helical limited-slip differential was added. Torque was increased again to 383 N⋅m
Mitsubishi_Lancer_Evolution
Rotating part of the common squirrel-cage induction motor
starts to reduce the effective depth and increases the resistance, resulting in reduced efficiency but still maintaining torque. The shape and depth of
Squirrel-cage_rotor
Hydraulic fluid used in vehicles with automatic transmissions
operation, minimize brake band friction, facilitate torque converter function, and provide effective gear lubrication. ATF is commonly utilized as a hydraulic
Automatic_transmission_fluid
Car layout in automotive design
The dual-motor layout is beneficial in re-distributing torque and power to maximize effective propulsion in response to road grip conditions and weight
Dual-motor, four-wheel-drive layout
Dual-motor,_four-wheel-drive_layout
Mechanical joint secured by a threaded fastener
final torque is applied to ensure an even joint seating. The preload achieved by torquing a bolt is caused by the part of the torque that is effective. Friction
Bolted_joint
Type of drivetrain with four driven wheels
("four-by-four") or 4WD, is a two-axled vehicle drivetrain capable of providing torque to all of its wheels simultaneously. It may be full-time or on-demand, and
Four-wheel_drive
Thin plate with a hole, normally used to distribute the load of a threaded fastener
steel washers to prevent the loss of pre-load due to brinelling after the torque is applied. Washers are also important for preventing galvanic corrosion
Washer_(hardware)
Mechanical transmission using multiple gears
to design gear teeth for gears that are non-circular, yet still transmit torque smoothly. The speed ratios of chain and belt drives are computed in the
Gear_train
Early diesel railroad locomotive prototype
of this arrangement was to enable the main engines to deliver very high torque at low crankshaft speed. The design for 10100, a collaboration between Fell
British_Rail_10100
Industrial handtool
into a length of metal pipe to increase the available torque by using the pipe to extend the effective length of the breaker bar. A pipe used for this purpose
Breaker_bar
Rotating circular machine part with teeth that mesh with another toothed part
a rotating machine part typically used to transmit rotational motion or torque by means of a series of "teeth" that engage with compatible teeth of another
Gear
Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation
rotation rate of a rigid body about a given axis. It is the ratio between the torque applied and the resulting angular acceleration about that axis. It plays
Moment_of_inertia
Car engine
to 1974, the small-block engine was known as the "Turbo-Fire" or "High Torque" V8. However, it was the 350 cu in (5.7 L) series that became the best-known
Chevrolet small-block engine (1954–2003)
Chevrolet_small-block_engine_(1954–2003)
Transmission
offered lower weight, less complexity, less parasitic power loss, and greater torque capacity for larger engines. It did this without exceeding the packaging
Ford_C6_transmission
Motor vehicle transmission
indicator on Torque-Drive cars was, Park-R-N-Hi-1st. The driver would start the car in "1st," then move the lever to "Hi" when desired. Torque-Drive was
Powerglide
Type of induction motor
external resistance. Adjusting the resistance allows control of the speed/torque characteristic of the motor. Wound-rotor motors can be started with low
Wound_rotor_motor
3-speed automatic from 1963
The 3HP is a 3-speed Automatic transmission family with a hydrodynamic Torque converter with hydraulic control for passenger cars from ZF Friedrichshafen
ZF_3HP_transmission
Type of machine that uses liquid fluid power to perform work
hydraulic rotary motor with 100 cc/rev, the shaft torque required to drive the pump is one-tenth of the torque then available at the motor shaft, but the shaft
Hydraulic_machinery
American V-8 car engine
maximum brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) is developed at relatively low engine speeds, resulting in an engine with a broad torque curve. With its relatively
Chevrolet_big-block_engine
Range of efficient operating speeds of an engine or motor
typically starts at midrange engine speeds (around 4,000 RPM) where maximum torque is produced, and ends below the redline after reaching maximum power (typically
Power_band
The typical torque converter of the time was about 11.5in. long and the torque multiplication ratio was about 1.5 to 1. The N360/N600 torque converter was
List_of_Honda_transmissions
Instruments used in helicopter flight
flight control inputs: the cyclic stick, the collective lever, and the anti-torque pedals. Depending on the complexity of the helicopter, the cyclic and collective
Helicopter_flight_controls
Sixth generation of the Porsche 911
the 997 Turbo, a comprehensively re-tuned all wheel drive system with ”torque vectoring" as an option was also a part of the upgrades package; in an October
Porsche_911_(997)
Machine component that moves a mechanism
An actuator is a component of a machine that produces force, torque, or displacement, when an electrical, pneumatic or hydraulic input is supplied to it
Actuator
Porsche sports car
996.2 GT3. Engine power output rating was raised to 280 kW (381 PS) and torque to 385 N⋅m (284 lb⋅ft), 80% of which was available from 2,000 rpm. The braking
Porsche_911_GT3
5-speed automatic from 1990
{\omega _{t}}{\omega _{2;n}}}} Torque ratio (torque conversion ratio) μ n {\displaystyle \mu _{n}} — torque conversion — The torque ratio μ n {\displaystyle
ZF_5HP_transmission
Magnetic effect in insulators between ferromagnets
currently being developed: Thermal Assisted Switching (TAS) and Spin-transfer torque. Magnetic tunnel junctions are also used for sensing applications. Today
Tunnel_magnetoresistance
Italian sports car manufactured 2013–2018
Boost, that uses all of the power of the engine and batteries for maximum torque, cornering and speed. It has F1-based technology, including the E-Diff electronic
LaFerrari
Hydrodynamics of screw propellers
extracted a mathematical connection between power, radius of the propeller, torque and induced velocity. Friction is not included. The blade element theory
Propeller_theory
Means of slowing a diesel engine
work against the pistons to compress the exhaust. The amount of braking torque generated is usually directly proportional to the back pressure of the engine
Exhaust_brake
Method in electronic engineering
motor resistance, RS = current sense resistance, KM = motor torque constant (Nm/amp), T = torque, M = moment of inertia of all rotating components α = angular
Mason's_gain_formula
2005 video game
mayhem, Torque escapes. Ties That Bind continues his story, as he flees the island and heads back to his home town of Baltimore, where Torque must once
The_Suffering:_Ties_That_Bind
Motor Off-Road Vehicle
5 cu in (3,777 cc) producing 202 hp (151 kW) and 237 lb⋅ft (321 N⋅m) of torque was the base engine in 2007-2011 models. It replaced the AMC 242 straight-6
Jeep_Wrangler_(JK)
Mechanical connection between two objects
shafts during operation, however there are torque-limiting couplings which can slip or disconnect when some torque limit is exceeded. Selection, installation
Coupling
All-wheel-drivetrain developed by Mercedes-Benz
management and ABS systems control the amount of torque transferred to each wheel, allowing the system to be effective at any speed. In 2016, Mercedes introduced
4Matic
Horizontally opposed four-cylinder piston engine
the other pair at BDC. The TDC pair creates a torque greater than the BDC pair, so the net unbalanced torque pulse is the difference. The difference in TDC
Flat-four_engine
Supermini car
(249 N⋅m; 25.4 kg⋅m) of torque, while the Cooper S produces 201 hp (204 PS; 150 kW) and 221 lb⋅ft (300 N⋅m; 30.6 kg⋅m) of torque. Rear View Mini Cooper
Mini_Hatch
Combustion engine using an eccentric rotary design
low-end torque, but reduces high-end torque (and thus power). In contrast, late closing of the intake port reduces low-end torque while increasing torque at
Wankel_engine
Bicycle component
late 2006, Campagnolo introduced an outboard bearing design called Ultra-Torque, which has both crank arms permanently attached to halves of the spindle
Bottom_bracket
Series of turbocharged, direct-injection gasoline engines
North America Inc.). EcoBoost engines are designed to deliver power and torque consistent with those of larger-displacement (cylinder volume) naturally
Ford_EcoBoost_engine
Large American 4WD off road sport utility vehicle
transfer torque between the front and rear axles. The transfer case contains three modes: 4-All Time, Neutral, and 4-Lo. In 4-All Time, 100% of torque is sent
Jeep_Grand_Cherokee
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
237 hp (240 PS; 177 kW) at 5200 rpm with 266 lb⋅ft (361 N⋅m; 37 kg⋅m) of torque at 4000 rpm when tuned for 87 octane, and 240 hp (179 kW; 243 PS) at 5200 rpm
Toyota_GR_engine
American performance sports car
chassis that was designed by Herb Adams, a former Pontiac engineer, using a torque tube with a 1985 Chevrolet Corvette aluminum rear end and independent suspension
Avanti_(car)
Attitude control device
thousands of newton-meters of torque. A reaction wheel of similar capability would require megawatts of power. The most effective CMGs include only a single
Control_moment_gyroscope
Late 1940s American car
handle the Franklin O-335's power and torque. It was a simple but effective design with a single, rear-mounted torque converter and only 27 basic moving
Tucker_48
Finnish marine diesel engine
828.7 litres (111,590 in3) per cylinder Engine speed 15–102 RPM Mean effective pressure 1.96 MPa (284 psi) @ full load, 1.37 MPa (199 psi) @ maximum
Wärtsilä-Sulzer_RTA96-C
Adjustment mechanism
mechanism using two nuts incurs higher friction and therefore requires more torque to turn than a simple, single lead screw with an equivalent pitch. The first
Differential_screw
generate less muscle torque in those joints and use less metabolic energy. The muscle torque is reduced enough to keep the net torque about each joint approximately
Proportional myoelectric control
Proportional_myoelectric_control
Hybrid car drivetrain made by Toyota
discrete engine speed-torque power requirements to the wheels. Geared transmissions may be manual, with a clutch, or automatic, with a torque converter, but
Hybrid_Synergy_Drive
Long-term future of planet Earth
The rotational offset of the tidal bulge exerts a net torque on the Moon, boosting it while slowing the Earth's rotation (not to scale).
Future_of_Earth
Type of internal combustion engine that uses compression to create combustion
atomised diesel fuel injected into the combustion chamber ignites. The torque a diesel engine produces is controlled by manipulating the air-fuel ratio
Diesel_engine
Revolver
recoil is directed straight into the shooter's hand, rather than exerting a torque that raises the muzzle. This improves both accuracy and the maximum rate
OTs-38 Stechkin silent revolver
OTs-38_Stechkin_silent_revolver
Single-track vehicle steering technique
distinction between steer torque and steer angle ... is not always made." In countersteering to turn right, the following is performed: A torque on the handlebars
Countersteering
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
Notes Fitted to 2003 concept Subaru B11S only, never produced in volume. Torque peak between 3,600 and 4,800 RPM. Sometimes misidentified as "EZ30R". Subaru
Subaru_six-cylinder_engines
World's first 10-speed automatic from 2017
Effec- tive Cen- ter Total per Gear Gears Count Instal- lation Maximum Input Torque Ford 10R 80 GM 10L 80 GM 10L 90 2017 2017 2018 −4.866 4.696 2.985 2.146
Ford–GM 10-speed automatic transmission
Ford–GM_10-speed_automatic_transmission
Type of closure for bottles
regulations. Manufacturers may ensure the integrity of a screw cap using a cap torque tester. Some closures need to be tamper resistant and have child-resistant
Screw_cap
Motor vehicle
plates as standard. Power and torque were both increased. As the name suggests, power was up to 200 PS (147 kW), while torque was boosted to 290 N⋅m (214 lb⋅ft)
Ford Fiesta (sixth generation)
Ford_Fiesta_(sixth_generation)
Mid-size electric luxury crossover SUV
power of the extended-range model is 500 kW (671 hp; 680 PS) and the peak torque is 1,000 N⋅m (738 lb⋅ft), total rated power of the electric motors is equal
Voyah_Free
Sixth generation of Honda Civic
engine that made 160 hp (119 kW) at 8,000 rpm and 111 lb⋅ft (150 N⋅m) of torque at 7,000 rpm. While similar to the powerplant in the del Sol VTEC, the Civic
Honda Civic (sixth generation)
Honda_Civic_(sixth_generation)
Type of motorcycle
for more mid-range torque. The GSF1200 engine is a bored out version of the GSX-R1100 engine, also retuned for more mid-range torque. The GSF650 and GSF1250
Suzuki_Bandit_series
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
large-bodied Mercedes vehicles. Power is now at 530 PS (390 kW; 523 hp) and torque figures stay the same as the predecessor at 830 N⋅m (612 lb⋅ft). Applications:
Mercedes-Benz_M279_engine
Simulator steering wheel
is used similarly as with other simulator steering wheels for providing torque feedback (often called ""force" feedback", or FFB) so that the driver, through
Direct-drive_sim_racing_wheel
Type of screw
the holding power (torque resistance) of the joint, as the screw is essentially "making its own detent" on a small but effective scale. On the con side
Set_screw
Process of defining the form of wind turbine systems
between the aerodynamic torque captured by the blades and the applied generator torque controls the rotor speed. If the generator torque is lower, the rotor
Wind_turbine_design
Motor vehicle
rules of 1987. The naturally aspirated form did not produce sufficient torque and power for a supercar and Stanzani had envisaged the usage of turbocharging
Bugatti_EB_110
Porsche-patented engine induction system
RPM, the intake length is reduced. The result is a flatter torque curve, with more torque available at low- and mid-range engine speeds compared to a
VarioRam
EFFECTIVE TORQUE
EFFECTIVE TORQUE
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for a man who lived by an enclosure, from Middle English hay (see Hay 1) + man. The term was in many cases effectively a synonym for Hayward.English : nickname for a tall man (see Hay 2).English : occupational name for the servant of someone called Hai (see Hay 3), with man in the sense ‘servant’.English : occupational name for someone who sold hay.Jewish : variant of Heiman.Possibly an Americanized spelling of German Hamann or Heumann.
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
One who is Aware and Reflective
Boy/Male
Muslim Hindi
Worker. Effective.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Indian, Muslim, Sindhi
Doer; Work Man; Worker; Effective
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Effective
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
One who Desires Another to do Something Effectively
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Effective; Powerful
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Not Defective; Healthy; Whole
Girl/Female
Sikh
Form of God, Effective
Boy/Male
Tamil
Form of God, Effective
Boy/Male
Hindu
Form of God, Effective
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh, Tamil, Telugu
Light of King; Effective King; Light of Day
Boy/Male
Anglo, Australian, Hindu, Indian, Kurdish, Punjabi, Sikh
Pain; Effective
Boy/Male
Muslim
Worker. Effective.
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
The Spring Season; Effecting Wishes
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Sanskrit
Effective; Efficient; Goddess Durga
EFFECTIVE TORQUE
EFFECTIVE TORQUE
Biblical
a ruling; commanding; coming down
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Protector of Lord's Feet
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, English, French, Hindu, Indian
Foggy; Misty; Sweetness; Dim; Cloudy; Vague
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Name of a Sahabi
Girl/Female
Indian
Blessings, Lord Krishna, Moonlight
Girl/Female
Assamese, Bengali, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Goddess Parvati
Boy/Male
Muslim
Servant of the restorer
Girl/Female
Hindu
Radha, Long beautiful hair
Boy/Male
Tamil
Soumitra | ஸோஉமிதà¯à®°
Good friend
Girl/Female
English
White.
EFFECTIVE TORQUE
EFFECTIVE TORQUE
EFFECTIVE TORQUE
EFFECTIVE TORQUE
EFFECTIVE TORQUE
n.
Specie or coin, as distinguished from paper currency; -- a term used in many parts of Europe.
n.
One who is capable of active service.
n.
The quality of being effective.
n.
That which produces a given effect; a cause.
a.
Lacking some of the usual forms of declension or conjugation; as, a defective noun or verb.
a.
Effective, as a cause or agent; causing.
a.
Dependent on choice; bestowed or passing by election; as, an elective study; an elective office.
a.
Exerting the power of choice; selecting; as, an elective act.
superl.
Vigorous; effective; forcible; powerful.
a.
Not effective.
a.
Not effective; ineffectual; futile; inefficient; useless; as, an ineffective appeal.
n.
Direct, forcible, and effective speaking.
a.
Capable of exercising thought or judgment; as, reflective reason.
a.
Effective.
a.
Addicted to introspective or meditative habits; as, a reflective person.
adv.
Effectively.
a.
Incapable of, or indisposed to, effective action; habitually slack or remiss; effecting little or nothing; as, inefficient workmen; an inefficient administrator.
a.
Wanting in something; incomplete; lacking a part; deficient; imperfect; faulty; -- applied either to natural or moral qualities; as, a defective limb; defective timber; a defective copy or account; a defective character; defective rules.
a.
Having the power to produce an effect or effects; producing a decided or decisive effect; efficient; serviceable; operative; as, an effective force, remedy, speech; the effective men in a regiment.
a.
Throwing back images; as, a reflective mirror.