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Second epoch of the Paleogene Period
The Eocene (IPA: /ˈiːəsiːn, ˈiːoʊ-/ EE-ə-seen, EE-oh-) is a geological epoch that began about 56 million years ago (Ma). It is the second epoch of the
Eocene
Global warming about 55 million years ago
The Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum (PETM), alternatively Eocene thermal maximum 1 (ETM1) and formerly known as the Initial Eocene or Late Paleocene
Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum
Paleocene–Eocene_thermal_maximum
Mass extinction event 33.9 million years ago
O–S The Eocene–Oligocene extinction event, also called the Eocene-Oligocene transition (EOT), is the transition between the end of the Eocene and the
Eocene–Oligocene extinction event
Eocene–Oligocene_extinction_event
First period of the Cenozoic Era
the tenth period of the Phanerozoic and is divided into the Paleocene, Eocene, and Oligocene epochs. The earlier term Tertiary Period was used to define
Paleogene
Third and current era of the Phanerozoic Eon
warmer than today, particularly during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum. However, the Eocene to Oligocene transition and the Quaternary glaciation
Cenozoic
The Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO), also called the Middle Eocene Thermal Maximum (METM), was a period of very warm climate that occurred during
Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum
Middle_Eocene_Climatic_Optimum
First age of the Eocene Epoch
of the Eocene. It spans the time between 56 and 48.07 Ma, is preceded by the Thanetian Age (part of the Paleocene) and is followed by the Eocene Lutetian
Ypresian
Third epoch of the Paleogene Period
sparsity of extant forms of molluscs. The Oligocene is preceded by the Eocene Epoch and is followed by the Miocene Epoch. The Oligocene is the third and
Oligocene
Transient period of global warming that occurred approximately 54 million years ago
Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 (ETM-2), also called H-1 or Elmo (Eocene Layer of Mysterious Origin), was a transient period of global warming that occurred
Eocene_Thermal_Maximum_2
Climatic period during the Eocene epoch
The Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO), also referred to as the Early Eocene Thermal Maximum (EETM), was a period of extremely warm greenhouse climatic
Early_Eocene_Climatic_Optimum
Plant and fungi fossils from the Eocene Okanagan Highlands
The paleoflora of the Eocene Okanagan Highlands includes all plant and fungi fossils preserved in the Eocene Okanagan Highlands Lagerstätten. The highlands
Paleoflora of the Eocene Okanagan Highlands
Paleoflora_of_the_Eocene_Okanagan_Highlands
Extinct genus of endemic Palaeogene European artiodactyls
Xiphodontidae. It was endemic to Western Europe and lived from the Middle Eocene up to the earliest Oligocene. Haplomeryx was first established as a genus
Haplomeryx
First epoch of the Paleogene Period
and καινός (kainós), meaning "new", translating to "the old part of the Eocene". The epoch is bracketed by two major events in Earth's history. The K–Pg
Paleocene
Extinct species of snake
extinct snake species in the family Madtsoiidae that lived during the Middle Eocene in India. V. indicus is the only species in the genus Vasuki, known from
Vasuki_indicus
The paleofauna of the Eocene Okanagan Highlands consists of Early Eocene arthropods, vertebrates, plus rare nematodes and molluscs found in geological
Paleofauna of the Eocene Okanagan Highlands
Paleofauna_of_the_Eocene_Okanagan_Highlands
Extinct genus of mammals
equoid that lived in Europe and possibly the Middle East from the Middle Eocene to the Early Oligocene. It is the type genus of the Palaeotheriidae, a group
Palaeotherium
Hyperthermal event
Eocene Thermal Maximum 3 (ETM3), also known as the K or X event, was a hyperthermal event that occurred during the middle of the Ypresian stage of the
Eocene_Thermal_Maximum_3
Order of birds
families are known, spanning across the Northern Hemisphere, from the Early Eocene to the early Pliocene, including a variety of flightless forms like the
Struthioniformes
Mountain in the state of California
Eocene Peak is a granitic summit with an elevation of 11,569 feet (3,526 m) located on the crest of the Sierra Nevada mountain range, in northern California
Eocene_Peak
Prehistoric cetacean genus from the Late Eocene epoch
genus of large, predatory, prehistoric archaeocete whale from the late Eocene, approximately 41.3 to 33.9 million years ago (mya). First described in
Basilosaurus
Extinct genus of endemic Paleogene European artiodactyls
Anoplotheriidae, which was endemic to Western Europe. It lived from the Late Eocene to the earliest Oligocene. It was the fifth fossil mammal genus to be described
Anoplotherium
Extinct family of artiodactyls
Palaeogene that was endemic to western Europe and lived from the Middle Eocene to the Early Oligocene. The Anoplotheriidae is divided into two subfamilies:
Anoplotheriidae
Extinct genus of endemic Palaeogene European artiodactyls
Choeropotamidae. It was endemic to western Europe and lived from the Middle Eocene up to the earliest Oligocene. Choeropotamus was first described and named
Choeropotamus
Extinct genus of endemic Palaeogene European artiodactyls
Xiphodontidae. It was endemic to Western Europe and lived from the middle Eocene up to the earliest Oligocene. The genus was first erected by the British
Dichodon_(mammal)
Extinct genus of mammals
belonging to the family Palaeotheriidae. It lived in Europe from the middle Eocene to the early Oligocene. The type species, P. minor, was described in 1804
Plagiolophus_(mammal)
Extinct genus of endemic Palaeogene European artiodactyls
other xiphodonts, was endemic to Western Europe and lived from the Middle Eocene up to the earliest Oligocene. Fossils from Montmartre in Paris, France that
Xiphodon
Series of Early Eocene geological formations in Canada and the United States
The Eocene Okanagan Highlands or Eocene Okanogan Highlands are a series of Early Eocene geological formations which span a 1,000 km (620 mi) transect
Eocene_Okanagan_Highlands
Hypothetical planetary rings around Earth
Eocene impacts. An earlier proposal theorized that a tektite debris ring related to the late Eocene impact events could be responsible for the Eocene–Oligocene
Rings_of_Earth
Mountain range in Punjab, Pakistan
Eocene), late Ypresian (late early Eocene) or, more recently, encompassing much of Ypresian up to early Lutetian time (early part of the early Eocene
Kala_Chitta_Range
climate changes (mid-Eocene aridification of Central Asia) and global ones (Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum and cooling during the Eocene-Oligocene transition)
2026_in_paleomammalogy
Extinct genus of carnivores
clade Carnivoraformes, that lived in North America from the early to middle Eocene. Miacis was five-clawed, similar in size to a stoat (~30 cm, tail not included)
Miacis
Family of hoofed mammals
from fossils. The family evolved more than 50 million years ago, in the Eocene epoch, from a small, multi-toed ungulate into larger, single-toed animals
Equidae
Eastman 1900 (Early/middle Eocene) †Paraortygoides Mayr 2000 (London Clay Early Eocene of Walton-on-the-Naze, England – middle Eocene of Messel, Germany) †P
List_of_fossil_bird_genera
Marine geologial formation in Denmark
The Fur Formation is a marine geological formation of Ypresian (Lower Eocene Epoch, c. 56.0-54.5 Ma) age which crops out in the Limfjord region of northern
Fur_Formation
Extinct family of mammals in the order Carnivora
barbourofelines as nimravids again. Nimravids first appeared in the Middle Eocene in Asia, with Maofelis being the most plesiomorphic taxa. The family went
Nimravidae
Order of hoofed mammals
America and Asia, died out at the beginning of the Upper Eocene. Equoidea also developed in the Eocene. Palaeotheriidae are known mainly from Europe. In contrast
Perissodactyla
soldier beetle larvae from the Cretaceous amber from Myanmar and from the Eocene Baltic amber, and find no evidence of a significant loss of morphological
2026_in_paleoentomology
Extinct species of shark
species of large mackerel shark that lived in Early Paleocene to Early Eocene, between 65 and 54 million years ago. It is considered one of first members
Otodus_obliquus
Fossil deposit in Egypt
coastal landscape. The formation period ranges from the Middle to the Upper Eocene to the Lower Oligocene, which corresponds to an age of around 41 to 28 million
Fayum_(fossil_deposit)
Extinct genus of snakes
largest snake ever recorded. It lived about 40 million years ago during the Eocene epoch of the Paleogene Period, in the Paratethys Sea, within the northern
Gigantophis
Geological formation in China
The Irdin Manha Formation is a geological formation from the Eocene located in Inner Mongolia, China, a few kilometres south of the Mongolian border. U
Irdin_Manha_Formation
Genus of ancient whales
Pakicetidae, which was endemic to South Asia during the Ypresian (early Eocene) period, about 48.5 million years ago. It was a wolf-like mammal, about
Pakicetus
Fourth and last Age of the Eocene Epoch
the ICS's geologic timescale, the latest age or the upper stage of the Eocene Epoch or Series. It spans the time between 37.71 and 33.9 Ma. The Priabonian
Priabonian
Birds from the order Strigiformes
(Early Eocene of Wyoming, U.S.) Palaeoglaux (Middle-Late Eocene of West-Central Europe) own family Palaeoglaucidae or Strigidae? Palaeobyas (Late Eocene/Early
Owl
Extinct genus of fishes
during the Ypresian stage of the Eocene epoch. The type species Chiarachromis salazzarii is known only from the Early Eocene Monte Bolca lagerstätte of Northern
Chiarachromis
Extinct genus of frogs
frogs in the family Pyxicephalidae. Five species are known, all from the Eocene of western Europe, including France, England, and Switzerland. Specimens
Thaumastosaurus
Extinct genus of mammals
The genus was found lived in Eurasia and North America from the Middle Eocene to the Late Miocene, from 38 to 11.4 million years ago, existing for 26
Hyaenodon
Family of snakes
family. The earliest fossil species of the family date back to the Late Eocene epoch, with earlier origins suspected. Colubrid snakes are found on every
Colubridae
Family of fishes
Storms, 1896 (Middle Eocene of Belgium) †Ellaserrata Day, 2003 (Early Eocene of Italy) †Kreyenhagenius David, 1946 (Late Eocene/Early Oligocene of California
Sparidae
Extinct genus of birds
large, flightless birds that lived from the middle Paleocene to the middle Eocene epochs of the Paleogene. Most known fossils have been recovered from Europe
Gastornis
Geological formation in the Intermountain West of the United States
Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming. It comprises sediments deposited during the Early Eocene in a series of large freshwater lakes: Lake Gosiute, Lake Uinta, and Fossil
Paleobiota of the Green River Formation
Paleobiota_of_the_Green_River_Formation
Extinct genus of European perissodactyl
family, was endemic to western Europe and lived from the Early to Middle Eocene. Fossils of Lophiodon were first studied in 1804 when the French palaeontologist
Lophiodon
Clade of birds
Boles, Walter E. (1997). "Fossil songbirds (Passeriformes) from the Early Eocene of Australia". Emu. 97 (1): 43–50. Bibcode:1997EmuAO..97...43B. doi:10.1071/MU97004
Australaves
Order of mammals
as odd-toed ungulates were in North America. Through the middle to late Eocene, many different species existed. The smallest of these were the size of
Hyracoidea
Extinct family of flightless birds
Middle Eocene to the Late Pleistocene around 43 to 0.025 million years ago, though some specimens suggest that they were present since the Early Eocene. Phorusrhacids
Phorusrhacidae
those of other fossil and extant members of the group is described from the Eocene Baltic amber by Gerbe et al. (2026). A female pseudoscorpion belonging to
2026 in arthropod paleontology
2026_in_arthropod_paleontology
Mass extinction event about 66 million years ago
communities. Many groups of ants were present in the Cretaceous, but in the Eocene ants became dominant and diverse, with larger colonies. Butterflies diversified
Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event
Cretaceous–Paleogene_extinction_event
Family of rodents
humans to Australia. The earliest known fossilized squirrels date from the Eocene epoch, and among other living rodent families, the squirrels are most closely
Squirrel
Extinct genus of mammals
("Lake Moeris' beast") is an extinct genus of basal proboscideans from the Eocene of North and West Africa. The first specimen was discovered in strata from
Moeritherium
Extinct genus of primitive horse
Its remains have been identified in North America and date to the Early Eocene (Ypresian stage). In 1876, Othniel C. Marsh described a skeleton as Eohippus
Eohippus
Extinct genus of carnivorous ungulate from Eocene epoch
ruler", is an extinct genus of artiodactyl that lived during the Middle Eocene in what is now China. The genus was first described by Henry Fairfield Osborn
Andrewsarchus
Isolated land mass which became the Indian subcontinent
the Indian Subcontinent until the evolution of the marine "protocetids". Eocene India is also rich in bat remains, including many representatives of modern
Insular_India
Extinct genus of snakes
family Palaeophiidae. Described species within this genus lived in the Eocene epoch, with some unnamed or questionable records from Cenomanian and Maastrichtian
Palaeophis
Extinct genus of early artiodactyls
was endemic to western Europe and lived from the Middle Eocene (or possibly the Early Eocene) to the Early Oligocene. The type species Dichobune leporina
Dichobune
Extinct order of mammals
a bear. A later genus, Pachyaena, entered North America by the earliest Eocene, where it evolved into species that were at least as large. Mesonychids
Mesonychia
Flowering genus, rose family Rosaceae
collardii Axelrod, North America (Idaho), Eocene Malus kingiensis Budants, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia, Eocene Malus florissantensis (Cockerell) MacGinitie
Malus
Family of fishes
from the Miocene of Algeria, and a number of species are known from the Eocene of Italy. The frogfish family, Antennariidae, has its name derived from
Frogfish
Suborder of fishes
placement is still uncertain. True stingray fossils become more common in the Eocene, with the extinct freshwater stingrays Heliobatis and Asterotrygon known
Stingray
Extinct family of artiodactyls
artiodactyls that was endemic to western Europe and lived from the Middle Eocene to the Early Oligocene. With a taxonomic history extending as far back as
Amphimerycidae
Family of ray-finned fishes
2010 (Early Eocene of Italy) †Eocoris Bannikov & Soribini, 2010 (Early Eocene of Italy) †Labrobolcus Bannikov & Bellwood, 2015 (Early Eocene of Italy)
Wrasse
Extinct genus of mammals
genus of horned brontothere that lived in North America during the Late Eocene, in the Chadronian land mammal age. Megacerops is among the best represented
Megacerops
is driven by alternate plate collisions and rifting. The mantle-derived Eocene Peridotite Nappe is the most significant and widespread unit (labelled as
Geology_of_New_Caledonia
Extinct family of ungulates
the Northern Hemisphere (Asia, Europe, and North America) from the late Eocene to the early Miocene epochs, about 38 to 19 million years ago. Their large
Entelodontidae
Family of fishes
(Early Eocene of Italy) genus †Hypsocephalus Swift & Ellwood, 1972 (Late Eocene of Florida, US) genus †Lessinia Bannikov & Sorbini, 2014 (Early Eocene of
Lutjanidae
Extinct family of odd-toed ungulates
perissodactyl relationships are not well understood. Brontotheres lived during the Eocene epoch and their fossils have mainly been found in Asia and North America
Brontotheriidae
Extinct family of mammals
Paraceratheres were native to Asia and Eastern Europe, originated in the Eocene epoch and lived until the beginning of the Miocene. They represent some
Paraceratheriidae
Geological formation and major fossil site in Antarctica
list (link) Pezzetti, T.F.; KRISSEK, L.A (1986). "Re-evaluation of the Eocene La Meseta Formation of Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula". Antarctic Journal
La_Meseta_Formation
Family of fishes
†Aramichthys (fossil; middle Eocene of Syria) Genus †Eoscomber (fossil; early Eocene of Senegal) Genus †Eoscombrus (fossil; late Eocene of California) Genus †Godsilia
Scombridae
Origin and diversification of primates through geologic time
Eurasia and Africa during the tropical conditions of the Paleocene and Eocene. Purgatorius is the genus of the four extinct species believed to be among
Evolution_of_primates
Order of aquatic herbivorous mammals
hyraxes, and evolved in the Eocene 50 million years ago (mya). The Dugongidae diverged from the Trichechidae in the late Eocene or early Oligocene (30–35
Sirenia
Ice age of the last 34 million years, in particular in Antarctica
Cenozoic Ice Age, or Antarctic Glaciation, began 34 million years ago at the Eocene-Oligocene Boundary and is ongoing. It is Earth's current ice age or icehouse
Late_Cenozoic_Ice_Age
Extinct order of mammals
diversification peak during the Middle-Late Eocene, before seeing a significant decline in diversity following the Eocene-Oligocene extinction event. In Afro-Arabia
Hyaenodonta
Suborder of fishes
Middle Eocene of Italy & France) Genus †Anorevus Bannikov & Zorzin, 2020 (Early Eocene of Italy) Genus †Eobothus Eastman, 1914 (Early Eocene of Italy)
Flatfish
Genus of trees and shrubs
ago which is within the Lutetian, or older middle Eocene. Stockey and Wehr state that "The Eocene was a time of rapid evolution and diversification in
Prunus
Meteorological hypothesis
extinction event and the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum. The Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum (PETM), alternatively Eocene thermal maximum 1 (ETM1) and formerly
Clathrate_gun_hypothesis
Extinct genus of mammals
Middle Eocene in North America. On the other hand, M. uqbulakensis and M. nuhetingensis, were exclusive to the Arshantan of the Early Eocene in East
Mesonyx
Extinct genus of mammals
small (about 60 cm in length) perissodactyl ungulates that was found in the Eocene-aged London Clay formation. This small, fox-sized animal was once considered
Hyracotherium
Family of insects
Eocene (Ypresian) Asthenochrysa †Cimbrochrysa Schlüter, 1982 Fur Formation, Denmark, Eocene (Ypresian) Florissant Formation, Colorado, USA Eocene (Priabonian)
Chrysopidae
Index of plants with the same common name
yew (Taxus sumatrana) Himalayan yew (Taxus wallichiana) †Taxus masonii (Eocene fossil yew) It is also used for any of various coniferous plants in the
Yew
Extinct family of mammals
Amphiperatherium (Early Eocene to Middle Miocene, Europe; synonyms: Oxygomphius, Microtarsioides, Ceciliolemur) Asiadidelphis (Late Eocene to Early Oligocene
Herpetotheriidae
Family of fishes
(Early Eocene of Italy) †Progymnodon Dames, 1883 (mid-late Eocene of the United States and Romania) †Pshekhadiodon Bannikov & Tyler, 1997 (Middle Eocene of
Porcupinefish
Former island continent
For around 10 million years until the end of the Eocene, Balkanatolia was an island continent or a series of islands, separate from Asia and also from
Balkanatolia
Genus of extinct mammals
Formation in Pakistan, roughly 48 or 47 million years ago during the Early Eocene (Lutetian). It contains one species, Ambulocetus natans (Latin natans "swimming")
Ambulocetus
Family of spiders
Baltic amber – Eocene †Clavibertus Wunderlich, 2008 – Baltic amber – Eocene †Clya C. L. Koch & Berendt, 1854 – Baltic amber, Rovno amber – Eocene/Oligocene
Theridiidae
Geologic formation in Orange and northwestern San Diego County, California
esmaraldensis and Diegoaelurus vanvalkenburghae, dating back to the Late Eocene to Late Oligocene periods (Uintan to Duchesnean in the NALMA classification)
Santiago Formation, California
Santiago_Formation,_California
Order of small, herbivorous mammals
as odd-toed ungulates were in North America. Through the middle to late Eocene, many different species existed. The smallest of these were the size of
Hyrax
Clade of mammals
Feliformia (more specifically the Viverridae) are attested since the early Eocene, since about 50 million years ago; they are more frequently attested since
Aeluroidea
Family of fishes with caudal spines
Swainson, 1839 Several extinct genera are known from fossils dating from the Eocene to Miocene: A particularly large diversity of fossil surgeonfish is known
Acanthuridae
Genus of aquatic plants
record: Azolla intertrappea Sahni & H.S. Rao, 1934 (Eocene, India) Azolla berryi Brown, 1934 (Eocene, Green River Formation, Wyoming) Azolla prisca Chandler
Azolla
Extinct genus of mammals
early genus of perissodactyl endemic to Europe and Asia during the early Eocene. There are currently six recognised species within the genus, with P. isselanum
Propalaeotherium
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