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Ancient well in the old town of Perugia
The Etruscan Well, also known as "Sorbello well" from the name of the noble family which still owns the mansion that is home to the structure, is located
Etruscan_Well
Pre-Roman civilization of Etruria (9th–1st century BC)
The Etruscans (/ɪˈtrʌskən/ ih-TRUSK-ən) created a civilization in Etruria in ancient Italy, with a common language and culture, and formed a federation
Etruscan_civilization
Extinct language of ancient Italy
Etruscan (/ɪˈtrʌskən/ ih-TRUSK-ən) was the language of the Etruscan civilization in the ancient region of Etruria, in Etruria Padana and Etruria Campana
Etruscan_language
Etruscan cities were a group of ancient settlements that shared a common Etruscan language and culture, even though they were independent city-states
Etruscan_cities
Etruscan religion comprises the religious beliefs and practices of the Etruscan civilization. The Etruscans were polytheistic, and although there is some
Etruscan_religion
Architecture of the Etruscan civilization
civilization. The Etruscans were considerable builders in stone, wood and other materials of temples, houses, tombs and city walls, as well as bridges and
Etruscan_architecture
Alphabet used by the Etruscans of central and northern Italy
The Etruscan alphabet was used by the Etruscans, an ancient civilization of central and northern Italy, to write their language, from about 700 BC to
Etruscan_alphabet
Species of mammal
The Etruscan shrew (Suncus etruscus), also known as the Etruscan pygmy shrew, white-toothed pygmy shrew and Savi's pygmy shrew, is the smallest known extant
Etruscan_shrew
Theories on the ancient Italian civilization
several theses were elaborated on the origin of the Etruscans from the 5th century BC, when the Etruscan civilization had been already established for several
Etruscan_origins
Etruscan ceramics and sculpture
Etruscan sculpture was one of the most important artistic expressions of the Etruscan people, who inhabited the regions of Northern Italy and Central
Etruscan_sculpture
Comune in Umbria, Italy
perusinus. Etruscan Arch (also known as Porta Augusta), an Etruscan gate with Roman elements. Ipogeo dei Volumni Etruscan Arch Etruscan Well National Museum
Perugia
Society during the Etruscan civilization
Etruscan society is mainly known through the memorial and achievement inscriptions on monuments of Etruscan civilization, especially tombs. This information
Etruscan_society
Conflicts between the Romans and Etruscans – 8th to 3rd centuries BCE
The Roman–Etruscan Wars, also known as the Etruscan Wars or the Etruscan–Roman Wars, were a series of wars fought between ancient Rome (in both the regal
Roman–Etruscan_Wars
Art of the ancient Etruscan civilization
Etruscan art was produced by the Etruscan civilization in central Italy between the 10th and 1st centuries BC. From around 750 BC it was heavily influenced
Etruscan_art
Rome, the Etruscans had a persistent military tradition. Warfare served as a marker of status in Etruscan culture and greatly aided the Etruscan economy
Etruscan_military_history
Overview of women in Etruscan civilization
Women's role and image evolved during the millennium of the Etruscan period. Affluent women were well-groomed and lived a family life within society, where
Women_in_Etruscan_society
Daily life among the Etruscans is difficult to trace, as few literary testimonies are available and Etruscan historiography was highly controversial in
Daily_life_of_the_Etruscans
Aspect of the Etruscans
Jewelry of the Etruscan civilization existed in several eras. Very little jewelry from the Villanovan Era, an Early Iron Age culture dating c. 900 BC –
Etruscan_jewelry
archaeological site in Perugia into its own property and named it the Etruscan Well. Once the structure's statics and aesthetics had been restored internally
Fondazione Ranieri di Sorbello
Fondazione_Ranieri_di_Sorbello
legendary figures found in Etruscan mythology. The names below were taken mainly from Etruscan "picture bilinguals", which are Etruscan call-outs on art depicting
List of Etruscan mythological figures
List_of_Etruscan_mythological_figures
Region of Central Italy
Padanian Etruria Etruscan history Etruscan origins Etruscan cities Etruscan civilization Etruscan society Etruscan language Etruscan mythology Kingdom
Etruria
Extinct pre-Indo-European language family
Aegean Sea. Camunic in northern Lombardy, between Etruscan and Raetic, may belong to the family as well, but evidence of such is limited. The Tyrsenian
Tyrsenian_languages
Etruscan tomb effigy of 530–510 BCE
Sposi) is a tomb effigy considered one of the masterpieces of Etruscan art. The Etruscans lived in Italy between two main rivers, the Arno and the Tiber
Sarcophagus_of_the_Spouses
Etruscan mythology's character
Vegoia (Etruscan: Vecu) is a sibyl, prophet, or nymph within the Etruscan religious framework. She is identified as the author of parts of their large
Vegoia
Methodology for cultural comparison
when Augustus made Apollo one of his patron deities. In the early period, Etruscan culture played an intermediary role in transmitting Greek myth and religion
Interpretatio_graeca
Etruscan mythological figure
Etruscan mythology shown in a variety of forms of funerary art, such as in tomb paintings and on sarcophagi. Vanth is a female entity in the Etruscan
Vanth
Etruscan deity
Śuri (Etruscan: 𐌉𐌛𐌖𐌑, lit. 'black'), Latinized as Soranus, was an ancient Etruscan infernal, volcanic and solar fire god, also venerated by other Italic
Śuri
God in Etruscan mythology
narratives and the syncretic nature of Etruscan religious iconography. His presence in funerary and votive objects, as well as temple artifacts tied to craftsmanship
Sethlans_(mythology)
Ancient Etruscan and Roman goddess of the dead
In ancient Etruscan and Roman mythology, Mania (Etruscan: 𐌀𐌉𐌍𐌀𐌌), also spelled Manea, was a goddess of the dead, spirits and chaos: she was said
Mania_(deity)
Etruscan text collection
The Corpus Inscriptionum Etruscarum (Body of Etruscan inscriptions) is a corpus of Etruscan texts, collected by Carl Pauli [de] and his followers since
Corpus Inscriptionum Etruscarum
Corpus_Inscriptionum_Etruscarum
Etruscan mythical character
Leinth is an Etruscan deity. Within Etruscan iconography, it is difficult to distinguish mortals from divine figures without inscriptions. Inscriptions
Leinth
José Luis Sampedro
La sonrisa etrusca ("The Etruscan Smile") is a bestselling novel written by the Spanish economist and author José Luis Sampedro in 1985. Originally, it
La_sonrisa_etrusca
Etruscan underworld deity
Manth (Etruscan: 𐌈𐌍𐌀𐌌, romanized: Manth), latinized as Mantus, is an epithet of the Etruscan chthonic fire god Śuri as god of the underworld; this
Manth
the ancient Etruscan city of Kainua in northern Italy. 9 – A Roman shipwreck dating to the 1st or 2nd century BCE, carrying hundreds of well-preserved amphorae
2026_in_archaeology
Name used by the ancient Greeks to refer to non-Greek people
variety of ways, the Greeks always called the Etruscans Tyrsenoi, although not all Tyrsenians were Etruscans. The term "Tyrrhenians" was sometimes used by
Tyrrhenians
Any significant accumulation of water, generally on a planet's surface
the Rhine River and is affected by expected changes in peak discharge as well as sea level rise. "Definition of 'ditch'". Collins Dictionary. 13 February
Body_of_water
Horizontal decorative moulding that crowns a building or furniture
the cymatium in many Etruscan temples, often painted with vertical "tongue" patterns, and combined with the distinctive "Etruscan round moulding", often
Cornice
Extinct ancient language of Lemnos, modern Greece
the Phocaean') and in inscriptions written in Etruscan (aule-si, 'to Aule', on the Cippus Perusinus; as well as the inscription mi mulu Laris-ale Velχaina-si
Lemnian_language
Etruscan artifact
500 BC) are three golden plates inscribed with a bilingual Phoenician–Etruscan dedicatory text. They are the oldest historical source documents from Italy
Pyrgi_Tablets
Etruscan city near Rome
Vulci or Volci [pronunciation?] (Etruscan: Velch or Velx, depending on the romanization used) was a rich Etruscan city in what is now northern Lazio, central
Vulci
Hill and archaeological site in Murlo, Siena, Italy
of Murlo, Siena, Italy and the location of an ancient settlement of the Etruscan civilization. It was discovered in 1920, and excavations began in 1966
Poggio_Civitate
Etruscan mythological figure
In Etruscan mythology, Charun (also spelled Charu, or Karun) acted as one of the psychopompoi of the underworld (not to be confused with the god of the
Charun
Ancient Etruscan city in Isola Farnese, Italy
Veii (also Veius; Italian: Veio) was an important ancient Etruscan city situated on the southern limits of Etruria and 16 km (9.9 mi) north-northwest of
Veii
Character in Etruscan mythology
In Etruscan mythology, Tyrrhenus (in Greek: Τυῤῥηνός) was one of the founders of the Etruscan League of twelve cities, along with his brother Tarchon.
Tyrrhenus
Etruscan god
Apulu (Etruscan: 𐌖𐌋𐌖𐌐𐌀), also syncopated as Aplu (Etruscan: 𐌖𐌋𐌐𐌀), is an epithet of the Etruscan fire god Śuri as chthonic sky god, roughly equivalent
Apulu
Ancient Anatolian kingdom
(1996). "The origins of the Etruscans: new evidence for an old question". In Hall, John Franklin (ed.). Etruscan Italy: Etruscan Influences on the Civilizations
Lydia
Etruscan nobleman of the 6th century BC
Vibenna (Etruscan: Avile Vipina) was an Etruscan nobleman from Vulci of the 6th century BC and the brother of Caelius Vibenna (Caile Vipina in Etruscan). The
Aulus_Vibenna
Etruscan goddess
Catha (Etruscan: 𐌀𐌈𐌀𐌂, romanized: Catha, also written 𐌈𐌀𐌂, Cath, 𐌀𐌈𐌖𐌀𐌂, Cautha, or 𐌀𐌈𐌅𐌀𐌊, Kavtha) is a female Etruscan lunar or solar
Catha_(mythology)
Manuscript in Etruscan language
longest Etruscan text, Tabula Capuana, also seems to be a ritual calendar.) Much of it is untranslated because of the lack of knowledge about the Etruscan language
Liber_Linteus
Etruscan messenger god, equivalent of Mercury and Hermes
the Judgement of Paris, as well as in scenes with Hercle (Heracles) or Perseus. The name Turms is of distinctively Etruscan origin, like that of Fufluns
Turms
Town in Lazio, Italy
important remnants of its Etruscan and Roman past. Tarquinii (Etruscan Tarch(u)na) was one of the most ancient and important Etruscan cities; the ancient myths
Tarquinia
Fifth King of Rome
was the legendary fifth king of Rome and the first representative of the Etruscan dynasty on the Roman throne. The cognomen Priscus, meaning "Old" or "Elder"
Lucius_Tarquinius_Priscus
Person trained to practise a form of divination
hepatoscopy (also hepatomancy). The Roman concept is directly derived from Etruscan religion, as one of the three branches of the disciplina Etrusca. The Latin
Haruspex
(Etruscan Caile Vipina) was a noble Etruscan, perhaps legendary, who lived during Rome's regal period. He was a brother of Aulus Vibenna (Etruscan Avile
Caelius_Vibenna
Daughter of Minos in Greek mythology
constructed in her honor. Ariadne, in Etruscan Areatha, is paired with Dionysus, in Etruscan "Fufluns", on Etruscan engraved bronze mirror backs, where
Ariadne
1982 film
the Etruscan Cemetery') is a 1982 film directed by Sergio Martino. Joan has nightmares of Etruscan sacrifices. She knows very well the Etruscan language
The_Scorpion_with_Two_Tails
Roman god of freshwater and the sea
needed] The Etruscans were also fond of horse races. The Etruscan name of Neptune is Nethuns. It had been believed that Neptune derived from Etruscan, but this
Neptune_(mythology)
Northern Italy's area in ancient times inhabited by Etruscans
BC, the Etruscans expanded their power to Northern and Southern Italy, specifically towards Emilia and Campania, where they founded Etruscan dominions
Padanian_Etruria
Comune in Tuscany, Italy
Latin Cortōna, and from Etruscan 𐌂𐌖𐌓𐌕𐌖𐌍 (curtun, 𐌍𐌖𐌕𐌓𐌖𐌂 in Etruscan). According to linguist Helmut Rix, ethnic in Etruscan was curthute (curѳute)
Cortona
Frazione in Tuscany, Italy
Populonia or Populonia Alta (Etruscan: Pupluna, Pufluna or Fufluna, all pronounced Fufluna; Latin: Populonium, Populonia, or Populonii) today is a frazione
Populonia
Roman goddess of wisdom
Minerva (/mɪˈnɜːrvə/; Latin: [mɪˈnɛru̯ä]; Etruscan: Menrva) is the Roman goddess of wisdom, justice, law, victory, and the sponsor of arts, trade, and
Minerva
List of twelve major deities in the pantheon of Ancient Rome
5th century BCE, there are well-attested cults of the Twelve Olympians in Olympia and at the Hieron on the Bosphorus. The references to twelve Etruscan deities come
Dii_Consentes
formerly known as the Tomb of the Hunter (Tomba del Cacciatore), is an Etruscan tomb in the Necropolis of Monterozzi near Tarquinia, Lazio, Italy. It was
Tomb_of_Hunting_and_Fishing
Etruscan goddess of love and fertility
In ancient Etruscan religion, Turan was the goddess of love, fertility and vitality, and patroness of the city of Velch. She was identified with the Roman
Turan_(mythology)
Town in the province of Viterbo, Italy
layout of the whole town is of Etruscan origin, based on a cardo and decumanus orthogonal street system according to the Etruscan and Roman use, while the entire
Civita_di_Bagnoregio
Ancient Greek and Roman cleaning tool
strigil was primarily used by men, specifically male athletes; however, in Etruscan culture there is evidence of strigils being used by both sexes. The standard
Strigil
Etruscan terracotta slab
Etruscan, dated to around 470 BCE, apparently a ritual calendar. About 390 words are legible, making it the second-most extensive surviving Etruscan text
Tabula_Capuana
Character in Greek Mythology
war. He is also referred to as "Telamonian Ajax" (Αἴας ὁ Τελαμώνιος, in Etruscan recorded as Aivas Tlamunus), "Greater Ajax", or "Ajax the Great", which
Ajax_the_Great
Period of Roman history (c. 753 – c. 509 BC)
painted tomb with Etruscan inscriptions usually dated to the fourth or third century BC. Mastarna—whose name appears to be the Etruscan form of the Latin
Roman_Kingdom
Ancient language of Troy
geneticist Johannes Krause who concluded that it is likely that the Etruscan language (as well as Basque, Paleo-Sardinian and Minoan) "developed on the continent
Trojan_language
Etruscan water god
In Etruscan mythology, Nethuns was the god of wells, later expanded to all water, including the sea. The name "Nethuns" is likely cognate with that of
Nethuns
Nineteenth letter of the Latin alphabet
range of Old Italic alphabets, including the Etruscan alphabet and the early Latin alphabet. In Etruscan, the value /s/ of Greek sigma (𐌔) was maintained
S
Etruscan goddess of animals
Artume (also called Artemisia, Aritimi, Artames, or Artumes) was an Etruscan goddess who was the mistress of animals, goddess of human assemblies, and
Artume
Third most extensive etruscan text
also Cortona Tablet) is a 2200-year-old, inscribed bronze tablet in the Etruscan language, discovered in Cortona, Italy. It may record for posterity the
Tabula_Cortonensis
Etruscan sculptor
Vulca of Veii was an Etruscan artist from the town of Veii. The only Etruscan artist mentioned by ancient writers, he worked for the last of the Roman
Vulca
Disk with Etruscan inscription
Plate of Magliano or Lead Disk; CIE 5237), which contains 73 words in the Etruscan language, seems to be a dedicatory text, including as it does many names
Lead_Plaque_of_Magliano
Etruscan chariot, c. 530 BC, at the Metropolitan Museum of Art
The Monteleone chariot is an Etruscan chariot dated to c. 530 BC, considered one of the world's great archaeological finds. It was uncovered in 1902 in
Monteleone_chariot
Ancient Etruscan city near Marzabotto, Italy
Kainua was an ancient Etruscan city near the modern town of Marzabotto, in the Metropolitan City of Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy. It stood on
Kainua
Roman god of the underworld
regard him as a native Roman underworld deity, others as derived from Etruscan or Greek tradition, his name being borrowed from the near-homophone Horkos
Orcus
Part of a banquet in Greek and Etruscan art
Symposium, as well as a number of Greek poems, such as the elegies of Theognis of Megara. Symposia are depicted in Greek and Etruscan art that shows
Symposium_(ancient_Greece)
Alphabet of the Latin language
period alphabet. The Latin alphabet evolved from the visually similar Etruscan alphabet, which evolved from the Cumaean Greek version of the Greek alphabet
Latin_alphabet
Name
Basque is first attested in 1127 in Navarre, now in Spain. It is also an Etruscan word meaning “to venerate”. Ayeza Khan, Pakistani actress King Íñigo Íñiguez
Aiza
Ancient Etruscan artwork
alongside a small collection of other bronze statues in Arezzo, an ancient Etruscan and Roman city in Tuscany. The statue was originally part of a larger sculptural
Chimera_of_Arezzo
Ancient extinct language of the Alps
is largely accepted as a non-Indo-European language closely related to Etruscan. The ancient Rhaetic language is not to be confused with the modern Romance
Rhaetic
Legendary Greek king of Ithaca
explained in different ways. In the nineteenth century it was derived from Etruscan, following K. O. Müller, or alternatively from the Sicel Οὐλίξης. More
Odysseus
perpetuated or revived over the centuries. Some archaic deities have Italic or Etruscan counterparts, as identified both by ancient sources and by modern scholars
List_of_Roman_deities
Comune in Tuscany, Italy
has substantial structures from the Etruscan, Roman, and Medieval periods. Volterra, known to the ancient Etruscans as Velathri or Vlathri and to the Romans
Volterra
Mythical or fictional creature with parts taken from various animals
In the Etruscan civilization, the Chimera appears in the Orientalizing period that precedes Etruscan Archaic art. The Chimera appears in Etruscan wall paintings
Chimera_(mythology)
Sixteenth letter of the Latin alphabet
/ˈpiː/ ), plural pees. The Semitic Pê (mouth), as well as the Greek Π or π (Pi), and the Etruscan and Latin letters that developed from the former alphabet
P
Historic site in Veii, Italy
considered a major hub. The Etruscans are most well known for their art, including the wall frescos frequently found within tombs, as well as their terracotta
Tomb_of_the_Roaring_Lions
Third letter of the Latin alphabet
neck!)". In the Etruscan language, plosive consonants had no contrastive voicing, so the Greek 'Γ' (Gamma) was adopted into the Etruscan alphabet to represent
C
Comune in Tuscany, Italy
Jeffrey M Cohen, of London. Pitigliano and its area were inhabited in Etruscan times but the first extant written mention of it dates only to 1061. In
Pitigliano
Greek mythical twins
Germanic Alcis. The Etruscans venerated the twins as Kastur and Pultuce, collectively as the tinas cliniiaras, "Sons of Tinia", Etruscan counterpart of Zeus
Castor_and_Pollux
Region of Italy
agriculture and mining and to produce vibrant art. The Etruscans lived in the area of Etruria well into prehistory. The civilization grew to fill the area
Tuscany
Archeological site in Veii, Italy
archaeological site on the western side of the plateau on which the ancient Etruscan city of Veii, north of Rome, Italy, was located. The site takes its name
Portonaccio
Etruscan ceramics style
class of ceramics produced in central Italy by the region's pre-Roman Etruscan population. This Italian word is derived from the Latin poculum, a drinking-vessel
Bucchero
Roman god
equivalent to Janus, there is considerable overlap with Culśanś of the Etruscan pantheon. The name of the god Iānus, meaning in Latin 'arched passage,
Janus
Historic site in Comune di Vetralla, Lazio Italy
Etruscan city with an adjacent necropolis, near Vetralla in Italy. The site is along the Via Clodia, and is not far from the more well known Etruscan
Norchia
God in ancient Roman mythology
the god. Perhaps a more probable etymology connects the name with the Etruscan god Satre and placenames such as Satria, an ancient town of Latium, and
Saturn_(mythology)
Etruscan burial chamber
The Tomb of the Augurs (Italian: Tomba degli Àuguri) is an Etruscan burial chamber so called because of a misinterpretation of one of the fresco figures
Tomb_of_the_Augurs
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