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Concept in economics
The concept of fictitious commodities (or false commodities) originated in Karl Polanyi's 1944 book The Great Transformation and refers to anything treated
Fictitious_commodities
Dialectical economic process
wherein all things are commodified, including what Polanyi terms "fictitious commodities": land, labor, and money. Second, a reactionary "countermovement"
Double_movement
Subject of a trade or other exchange
to them. These are "fictitious commodities" or "pseudo-commodities" or "fiduciary commodities", i.e. their existence as commodities is only nominal or
Article_of_commerce
Marxist doctrine
is fictitious; it is "money that is thrown into circulation as capital without any material basis in commodities or productive activity". Fictitious capital
Fictitious_capital
Small area of agricultural land
Digital Global Information Knowledge Theory Bundle of rights Commodity fictitious commodities Common good (economics) Excludability First possession appropriation
Croft_(land)
pseudo- or fictitious commodities. This basic fictitiousness is the origin of the material contradictions that arise when natural commodities are treated
Commodification_of_nature
A related theoretical framework is Karl Polanyi's concept of "fictitious commodities," developed in his 1944 work The Great Transformation. Polanyi argued
Merchandization
Economist, philosopher and historian (1886–1964)
school of economics Notable ideas Embeddedness, Double Movement, fictitious commodities, economistic fallacy, the formalist–substantivist debate (substantivism)
Karl_Polanyi
1944 book by Karl Polanyi
a focus. The market, once it considers land, labor and money as fictitious commodities, and including them "means to subordinate the substance of society
The Great Transformation (book)
The_Great_Transformation_(book)
Legal term for anything which has physical substance
Digital Global Information Knowledge Theory Bundle of rights Commodity fictitious commodities Common good (economics) Excludability First possession appropriation
Tangible_property
Economic system based on private ownership
the establishment of generalized markets for what he called the "fictitious commodities", i.e. land, labor and money. Accordingly, he argued that "not until
Capitalism
Type of real estate ownership right
Digital Global Information Knowledge Theory Bundle of rights Commodity fictitious commodities Common good (economics) Excludability First possession appropriation
Air_rights
Something which a legal person can own but which has no physical substance
Digital Global Information Knowledge Theory Bundle of rights Commodity fictitious commodities Common good (economics) Excludability First possession appropriation
Intangible_property
Communally owned indigenous land
Digital Global Information Knowledge Theory Bundle of rights Commodity fictitious commodities Common good (economics) Excludability First possession appropriation
Customary_land
Market failure benefitting non-paying users
Digital Global Information Knowledge Theory Bundle of rights Commodity fictitious commodities Common good (economics) Excludability First possession appropriation
Free-rider_problem
Digital Global Information Knowledge Theory Bundle of rights Commodity fictitious commodities Common good (economics) Excludability First possession appropriation
List of types of formally designated forests
List_of_types_of_formally_designated_forests
Stuart, Diana; Gunderson, Ryan (17 June 2020). "Nonhuman Animals as Fictitious Commodities: Exploitation and Consequences in Industrial Agriculture". Society
Animal_exploitation
Legal status as property of most non-human animals
grown, as opposed to hard commodities, such as gold and copper, which are mined. Researchers identify viewing animals as commodities by humans as a manifestation
Commodity_status_of_animals
Blood withdrawal for use by another person via transfusion
Philippe Steiner (2003). "Gifts of Blood and Organs: the Market and "Fictitious" Commodities". Revue Française de Sociologie (5). Revue française de sociologie
Blood_donation
Method used to study economic questions
told how much they "value" a fictitious commodity and then are asked to competitively "bid" or "ask" on these commodities following the rules of various
Experimental_economics
Socioeconomic philosophy
purpose of these items was never intended "for sale"—what he labels "fictitious commodities." He says natural resources are "God-given", money is a bookkeeping
Economic_democracy
Economics concept
Digital Global Information Knowledge Theory Bundle of rights Commodity fictitious commodities Common good (economics) Excludability First possession appropriation
Property_rights_(economics)
Non-profit organization
Digital Global Information Knowledge Theory Bundle of rights Commodity fictitious commodities Common good (economics) Excludability First possession appropriation
International Association for the Study of the Commons
International_Association_for_the_Study_of_the_Commons
Type of consumer activism
wholesalers, and retailers of the product. Carrier also discusses fictitious commodities, which are things that are not produced in the conventional sense
Ethical_consumerism
capitalism to produce more are treated as commodities, yet these aren't real commodities. Described as 'fictitious commodities', nature cannot be given a money
Environmentalism_in_China
Three-volume work by Karl Marx, 1867–1894
value (allowing commodities to express their values as price) and as a medium of circulation (facilitating the exchange of commodities, C-M-C). These two
Das_Kapital
Conceptual land artwork by Cameron Rowland
wrote that Depreciation "added friction to how a piece of land, a fictitious commodity, was able to circulate." Curator and writer Simon Wu, writing in
Depreciation_(artwork)
Global hedge fund
violations, claims not verified in cited sources, original research, or fictitious references. Any such material should be removed. (November 2025) (Learn
York_Capital_Management
Proportion of worth at which a commodity can be traded for other commodities
in which one commodity is exchanged for other commodities. For Marx, exchange-value is not identical to the money price of a commodity. Actual money
Exchange_value
Ongoing theorised stock market bubble
violations, claims not verified in cited sources, original research, or fictitious references. Any such material should be removed. The reason given is:
AI_bubble
Already-produced durable goods that are used in production of goods or services
of wages and salaries paid during an employee's contract/employment, fictitious capital, which refers to intangible representations or abstractions of
Capital_(economics)
Concept in economic theory
economic life - until commodity production is generalized and the majority of commodities are produced "by means of commodities" in capitalist enterprises
Simple_commodity_production
Engaging in risky financial transactions
crisis Currency transaction tax Domain name speculation Equity (finance) Fictitious capital Flipping Food speculation George Soros Jesse Lauriston Livermore
Speculation
Mathematical theorem
all the power to set prices and renegotiate their trades. Hence, the fictitious Walrasian auctioneer of general equilibrium, while strictly speaking completely
Edgeworth's_limit_theorem
1963 corporate fraud
bankruptcy. Also, the SEC unsuccessfully accused Gobel and De Angelis of using fictitious inventory to obtain loans. In the aftermath of Gobel, De Angelis created
Salad_oil_scandal
American cryptocurrency-based prediction market
that the city would be captured by Russia by November 15 was closed, the fictitious advance was removed from the map. The next day, a Polymarket user accused
Polymarket
American business executive
energy-transition commodities, and recycled materials. In October 2024 S&P Global announced Ernsberger's appointment as co-president of its Commodity Insights
Dave_Ernsberger
British Second World War deception operation
Royal Marines and placed personal items on him identifying him as the fictitious Captain (Acting Major) William Martin. Correspondence between two British
Operation_Mincemeat
French economist (1801–1850)
liberalism Economic liberalization Economic surplus Entrepreneurship Fictitious capital Financial market Fiscal conservatism Free price system Free market
Frédéric_Bastiat
Mathematical operation in linear algebra
\alpha +\beta } , as expected. As an example, a fictitious factory uses 4 kinds of basic commodities, b 1 , b 2 , b 3 , b 4 {\displaystyle b_{1},b_{2}
Matrix_multiplication
French intellectual and literary figure (1897–1962)
in Bataille's name) Le Petit, 1943 (under pseudonym of Louis Trente; fictitious publication date of 1934) L'expérience intérieure, 1943 (Inner Experience)
Georges_Bataille
Benefit provided by a good or service in an economy
refers to "the innate worth of a commodity, which determines the normal ('equilibrium') ratio at which two commodities exchange." To Keen and the tradition
Value_(economics)
Group of AI companies in China
violations, claims not verified in cited sources, original research, or fictitious references. Any such material should be removed. The reason given is:
Six_AI_tigers
Systems of organizing production and distribution within capitalist societies
fuel both the means of production and labor in order to make commodities. These commodities are then sold to the market for a profit. The profit once again
Capitalist_mode_of_production
Japanese media and theatre genre
Zenigata Heiji and Abarenbō Shōgun typify the Edo jidaigeki. Mito Kōmon, the fictitious story of the travels of the historical daimyō Tokugawa Mitsukuni, and
Jidaigeki
Person or company involved in trading equity securities
Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reported that growth for stock and commodities traders was forecast to be greater than 21% between 2006 and 2016. In
Stock_trader
School of economic thought
measure of a commodity's worth in comparison to other commodities. It is closely related to exchange-value, the ratio at which commodities should be traded
Marxian_economics
Portuguese explorer (c. 1460s – 1524)
cinnamon, but other commodities new to Europe were soon included in trade. Portugal maintained a commercial monopoly of these commodities for several decades
Vasco_da_Gama
American technology company
(including Leidos) on its export control list, barring the export of dual-use commodities to that business. In May, the Department of Homeland Security terminated
Leidos
until 1917, sharply increased its purchases of Latin American commodities. Commodities useful for the war, such as metals, petroleum, and nitrates, increased
Economic history of Latin America
Economic_history_of_Latin_America
Revolution
Crusades from around 1100 exposed Europeans to spices, silks, and other commodities then rare in Europe. Consumer demand fostered the expansion of trade
Commercial_revolution
American entrepreneur and venture capitalist (born 1967)
In June 2012, he launched Mithril Capital Management, named after the fictitious metal in The Lord of the Rings, with Jim O'Neill and Ajay Royan. Unlike
Peter_Thiel
this new colonial bourgeois class grew wealthy by trafficking in the commodities that were produced through the exploitations of both their adopted and
Comprador_Colonialism
Dubai-based commodity trader
includes dozens of trading companies established in the Dubai Multi Commodities Centre freezone of the UAE, as well as ship management and operations
2Rivers
Character created by Jules Verne
In keeping with his contempt for surface civilization, he uses few commodities that aren't marine in origin, be they food, clothing, or even tobacco
Captain_Nemo
Subprefecture and commune in Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France
and has historically been a major commodity for the area, although it is on the wane. Other agricultural commodities include corn, hay, walnuts, walnut
Sarlat-la-Canéda
Political ideology promoting free-market capitalism
continuing the deregulation of the financial sector through passage of the Commodity Futures Modernization Act and the repeal of the Glass–Steagall Act and
Neoliberalism
India's maritime security operation
maritime safety and security by escorting about 15,000,000 Tg of vital commodities under transit in the region and has given over 450 merchant vessels confidence
Operation_Sankalp
Economic doctrine in which the state plays a strong directory role
liberalism Economic liberalization Economic surplus Entrepreneurship Fictitious capital Financial market Fiscal conservatism Free price system Free market
Dirigisme
Person who allocates capital with the expectation of a financial return
include equity, debt, securities, real estate, infrastructure, currency, commodity, token, derivatives such as put and call options, futures, forwards, etc
Investor
Abandoned Middle Age Norse settlements
have been obviously taken from other sources. Other texts are obviously fictitious, but their embedding in Greenlandic society can accurately reflect the
Norse settlements in Greenland
Norse_settlements_in_Greenland
Generic term for all markets in which trading takes place with capital
securities, commodities, currency, derivatives, or other financial products takes place. The term may refer to a specific stock or commodity exchange, or
Financial_market
Taxes and rules governing them in India
individuals divert their incomes to spouses and children, or even create fictitious partnerships, to evade taxation. The general consensus asserts the following
Taxation_in_India
Temporary spike in asset prices
appeared in most asset classes, including stocks (e.g. Roaring Twenties), commodities (e.g. Uranium bubble), real estate (e.g. 2000s US housing bubble), and
Economic_bubble
Mechanism of resource allocation
liberalism Economic liberalization Economic surplus Entrepreneurship Fictitious capital Financial market Fiscal conservatism Free price system Free market
Free_price_system
Number, approximately 1.618
golden ratio in nature, especially in regard to animal dimensions, are fictitious. The quasi-one-dimensional Ising ferromagnet CoNb 2 O 6 {\textstyle {\ce
Golden_ratio
Accounting system used for special reporting requirements
process of accounting for a portfolio of investments such as securities, commodities and/or real estate held in an investment fund such as a mutual fund or
Fund_accounting
Concept in economics and decision theory
"Utility is the quality in commodities that makes individuals want to buy them, and the fact that individuals want to buy commodities shows that they have utility"
Utility
Aristocratic family in the United Kingdom
Spencer (died 1522), first made a living by trading in livestock and other commodities and eventually saved enough money to purchase both the Wormleighton and
Spencer_family
Walter Benjamin's unfinished work
leads to what Agamben calls absolute profanation, wherein everything — commodities, language, sexuality — is transformed into a cultic fetish. This dynamic
Capitalism_as_Religion
2025 Jihadist fuel blockade
Malian army spokesman Souleymane Dembele said that the blockade was fictitious and "information warfare orchestrated by foreign media", with "no systematic
Mali_fuel_blockade
Country in South America
Gootenberg, Paul. (1993) Imagining development: economic ideas in Peru's "fictitious prosperity" of Guano, 1840–1880. Berkeley: University of California Press
Peru
Subset of technologies used in finance
violations, claims not verified in cited sources, original research, or fictitious references. Any such material should be removed. The reason given is:
Financial_technology
Promotion of capitalist ideology
liberalism Economic liberalization Economic surplus Entrepreneurship Fictitious capital Financial market Fiscal conservatism Free price system Free market
Capitalist_propaganda
1991–95 war during the Yugoslav Wars
2011. "Kanađani odlikovani za lažnu bitku" [Canadians decorated for fictitious battle] (in Croatian). Nacional. December 11, 2002. Archived from the
Croatian_War_of_Independence
Concept in Karl Marx's critique of political economy
The law of the value of commodities (German: Wertgesetz der Waren), known simply as the law of value, is a central concept in Karl Marx's critique of
Law_of_value
public media defunding: 'The claim that this is an assault on the press is fictitious and absurd'". Carbondale Reporter. May 20, 2025. Lissau, Russell (May
2026 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois
2026_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Illinois
Videos using TikTok's mobile format
video-sharing platform Attention economy – Economic view of human attention as a commodity Social media and mental health – Mental health effects of using digital
TikTokification
Canadian financial institution
Linux. In 2014, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission fined RBC $35,000,000 for engaging in more than 1,000 wash sales, fictitious sales, and other non-competitive
Royal_Bank_of_Canada
English writer and journalist (1812–1870)
revenge for his own queer name, does bestow still queerer ones upon his fictitious creations". Dickens contributed to and edited journals throughout his
Charles_Dickens
Canada-based engineering company
and brown fields projects of any sizes or complexity including "mining commodities, fertilizers, and sulphuric acid facilities". Its power sector provides
AtkinsRéalis
Person involved in activities for profit
liberalism Economic liberalization Economic surplus Entrepreneurship Fictitious capital Financial market Fiscal conservatism Free price system Free market
Businessperson
Retrieved 2 May 2024. "Major Food And Agricultural Commodities And Producers – Countries By Commodity". FAO. Archived from the original on 28 March 2012
Economy_of_India
violations, claims not verified in cited sources, original research, or fictitious references. Any such material should be removed. The reason given is:
Dolomite_mining_in_Lithuania
liberalism Economic liberalization Economic surplus Entrepreneurship Fictitious capital Financial market Fiscal conservatism Free price system Free market
Capitalist_republic
Country in Central Asia
agricultural activity, so the resulting wool, meat and dairy products are major commodities. Main crops include wheat, sugar beets, potatoes, cotton, tobacco, vegetables
Kyrgyzstan
Paper company from American TV series "The Office"
French adaptations, respectively. Originally, the company was completely fictitious, but eventually, the brand was used to sell products at Staples and other
Dunder_Mifflin
2015 Indian film
discrimination and honour killing. Kaun Kitney Paani Mein is a story about two fictitious villages: Upri, which is made up of upper-caste people who are extremely
Kaun_Kitne_Paani_Mein
American film by Jan de Bont
state senator, commented that the tornado appeared eerily similar to the fictitious one in the film. He had lived in the home since 1978. Following the film's
Twister_(1996_film)
2010 film by Mark Romanek
called Songs After Dark by 'Judy Bridgewater'. The album and singer are fictitious, but "Never Let Me Go" was written by Luther Dixon and sung by Jane Monheit
Never_Let_Me_Go_(2010_film)
French economist and businessman (1767–1832)
writing that "production of commodities creates, and is the one and universal cause which creates a market for the commodities produced". In Say's language
Jean-Baptiste_Say
French sociologist and philosopher (1929–2007)
that exemplify Baudrillard's concept of hyperreality. By orchestrating fictitious events—such as the Cathouse for Dogs and Portofess—which were reported
Jean_Baudrillard
Framework of distances and directions
In this book, Lefebvre applies Marxist ideas about the production of commodities and accumulation of capital to discuss space as a social product. His
Space
Technological phenomenon with social implications
then automatically denies Uyghurs from being able to purchase household commodities such as kitchen knives, if they must, then there have to be serious set
Algorithmic_bias
Economic theories regarding cyclical recessions
seventies. Francois Chesnais has provided an important exploration of the 'fictitious capital' or 'Finance Capital' aspects of the theory in a review of both
Crisis_theory
Predominantly Scottish cloth pattern
Wilsons on which were actually old tartans, and included some erroneous, fictitious, and incomplete setts. He also included untenable assertions about the
Tartan
Valuation in finance
Karl Marx refers to NPV as fictitious capital, and the calculation as "capitalising," writing: The forming of a fictitious capital is called capitalising
Net_present_value
Municipal Capital in Western Region, Ghana
violations, claims not verified in cited sources, original research, or fictitious references. Any such material should be removed. (August 2025) (Learn
Bogoso
British multinational oil and gas company
Equitable Relief and Civil Monetary Penalties Under the Commodities Exchange Act" (PDF). Commodity Futures Trading Commission. 28 June 2008. Retrieved 9
BP
Malaysian politician and lawyer (born 1961)
previously served in 2016 as the acting Minister of Plantation Industries and Commodities and Minister in the Prime Minister's Department from 2016 to 2018, as
Nancy_Shukri
FICTITIOUS COMMODITIES
FICTITIOUS COMMODITIES
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for someone who led a horse and cart conveying commodities from one place to another, Middle English ledere, an agent noun from Old English lǣdan ‘to lead’. The word may also sometimes have been used to denote a foreman or someone who led sport or dance, but the name certainly did not originate with leader in the modern sense ‘civil or military commander’; this is a comparatively recent development.English : occupational name for a worker in lead, from an agent derivative of Old English lēad ‘lead’.
Boy/Male
Australian, Chinese, Hebrew, Vietnamese
Fence; Fictitious Four-legged Animal with a Single Horn on the Head; Unicorn
Boy/Male
Indian
Commodities
Boy/Male
Muslim
Commodities
FICTITIOUS COMMODITIES
FICTITIOUS COMMODITIES
Boy/Male
Irish
One vigor.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Intelligent
Girl/Female
British, Christian, English, Hindu, Indian
Unique Girl
Female
English
Feminine form of English unisex Robin, ROBINA means "bright fame."
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Sanskrit
Bestower of Wealth
Boy/Male
Biblical
Murder, butchery, guarding of the body, a cook'.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Laukik
Girl/Female
Biblical
Standard, miracle.
Girl/Female
Indian
Fierce form of Kali, Goddess Durga
Surname or Lastname
German
German : patronymic from Wille.German : habitational name from any of several places in Bavaria named Willing or places in Hessen and near Soltau named Willingen.English : patronymic from the Old English personal name Willa.
FICTITIOUS COMMODITIES
FICTITIOUS COMMODITIES
FICTITIOUS COMMODITIES
FICTITIOUS COMMODITIES
FICTITIOUS COMMODITIES
n.
A female pope; i. e., the fictitious pope Joan.
a.
Not canonical. Hence: Of doubtful authority; equivocal; mythic; fictitious; spurious; false.
a.
Pertaining to, or characterized by, fiction; fictitious; romantic.
a.
Fictitious.
a.
Actually being or existing; not fictitious or imaginary; as, a description of real life.
a.
Setted by a pact, or agreement.
n.
Fictitious literature; comprehensively, all works of imagination; specifically, novels and romances.
n.
A fictitious name assumed for the time, as by an author; a pen name.
n.
One against whom a fictitious action of fine was brought.
n.
A fabulous or fictitious story.
a.
Feigned; imaginary; not real; fabulous; counterfeit; false; not genuine; as, fictitious fame.
a.
Made by art, in distinction from what is produced by nature; artificial; sham; formed by, or adapted to, an artificial or conventional, in distinction from a natural, standard or rule; not natural; as, factitious cinnabar or jewels; a factitious taste.
a.
Fictitious or sham; feigned; as, a dummy watch.
a.
Distended or enlarged fictitiously; as, inflated prices, etc.
n.
The using of fictitious names, as by authors.
a.
Feigned; fictitious; assumed; affected; not genuine.
n.
The process of temporarily raising the value of a stock, as by fictitious sales.
a.
Fictitious or imaginary; unreal; as, a commentitious system of religion.
a.
Bearing a false or fictitious name; as, a pseudonymous work.
v.
A discussion or debate; especially, a discussion of fictitious causes by way of practice.