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politics of religious freedom in Turkey." Journal of Law and Religion 29.3 (2014): 416-435. Kaya, Ayhan. Comprehensive Report on Turkey: The myth of tolerance
Freedom_of_religion_in_Turkey
Religion in Turkey (2025 survey) Islam (95%) Other (5%) Religion in Turkey consists of various religious beliefs. Turkey is officially a secular state
Religion_in_Turkey
Separation of religious matters and state affairs in Turkey
removed the provision declaring that the "Religion of the State is Islam", and with the later reforms of Turkey's first president Mustafa Kemal Atatürk,
Secularism_in_Turkey
ongoing debate in the country on the right to life, torture, freedom of expression as well as freedoms of religion, assembly and association. In 2009, the
Human_rights_in_Turkey
American basketball player and activist (born 1992)
Enes Kanter Freedom (Turkish pronunciation: [eˈnes kanˈtæɾ fɾiˈdom]; born Enes Kanter; May 20, 1992) is a Turkish and American former professional basketball
Enes_Kanter_Freedom
far the most practiced religion in Turkey. Most Turkish people are Sunni Muslims, and most of them belong to the Hanafi school of jurisprudence. Smaller
Islam_in_Turkey
Turkey Buddhism by country Freedom of religion in Turkey "2023 Report on International Religious Freedom: Turkey". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 8 January
Buddhism_in_Turkey
Irreligion in Turkey is the lack, rejection of, or indifference towards religion in the Republic of Turkey. Precise estimates of the share of deists, atheists
Irreligion_in_Turkey
theories in Turkey Intellectuals' Hearth White Turks Black Turks Freedom of religion in Turkey Xenophobia and discrimination in Turkey Minorities in Turkey Human
Conservatism_in_Turkey
churches in Turkey Freedom of religion in Turkey Human rights in the Middle East Human rights in Muslim-majority countries#Turkey Human rights in Turkey#Freedom
Christianity_in_Turkey
Religion in Turkey Freedom of religion in Turkey Episcopal Conference of Turkey List of Saints from Asia Religious minorities in Turkey US State Dept 2022
Catholic_Church_in_Turkey
Turkish regulations on the sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages
Conservatism in Turkey Secularism in Turkey Smoking in Turkey Freedom of religion in Turkey "Table: Muslim Population by Country". Pew Research Center
Alcohol_laws_of_Turkey
discrimination in Turkey Religion in Turkey Freedom of religion in Turkey The Twenty Classes Turkish Kurdistan Western Armenia Turkish diaspora Turkish minorities
Minorities_in_Turkey
White Turks Kemalism Conservatism in Turkey Black Turks Erdoğanism Religion in Turkey Freedom of religion in Turkey Aydın-Düzgit, Senem, and Evren Balta
Political polarization in Turkey
Political_polarization_in_Turkey
constitution of Northern Cyprus protects the freedom of religion, and it states that Northern Cyprus is a secular state. The US Department of State report in 2002
Freedom of religion in Northern Cyprus
Freedom_of_religion_in_Northern_Cyprus
Human right to practice, or not, a religion without conflict from governing powers
Freedom of religion or religious liberty, also known as freedom of religion or belief (FoRB), is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual
Freedom_of_religion
according to Article 90 of the Constitution of Turkey (so amended in 2004). Despite legal provisions, freedom of the press in Turkey has steadily deteriorated
Censorship_in_Turkey
Freedom of religion in France is guaranteed by the constitutional rights set forth in the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. From
Freedom_of_religion_in_France
Overview of Islamic scarf controversy in the Republic of Turkey
Turkey Freedom of religion in Turkey Merve Kavakçı Snow (Pamuk novel) Kemalism Human rights in Turkey White Turks Black Turks Political polarization in Turkey
Headscarf controversy in Turkey
Headscarf_controversy_in_Turkey
In the United States, freedom of religion is a constitutionally protected right provided in the religion clauses of the First Amendment. The Bill of Rights
Freedom of religion in the United States
Freedom_of_religion_in_the_United_States
In the People's Republic of China (PRC), freedom of religion is provided for in the 1982 state constitution, yet with a caveat: the government controls
Freedom_of_religion_in_China
Socioeconomic classification of people in Turkey
Turk. Religion in Turkey Islam in Turkey Erdoğanism Freedom of religion in Turkey Conservatism in Turkey Yücel, Halime. "Cultural identity in Turkish advertisements
Black_Turks
specific to the countries in question. Virtually every country in Europe legally establishes the freedom of religion for people living in the country, and most
Freedom of religion in Europe by country
Freedom_of_religion_in_Europe_by_country
Freedom of religion in Pakistan is formally guaranteed by the Constitution of Pakistan for individuals of various religions and religious sects. Pakistan
Freedom of religion in Pakistan
Freedom_of_religion_in_Pakistan
official religion of the country and also provides for freedom of religion; however, there were limits on this right. The Government allows religion-based
Religion_in_Bahrain
Other religions (0.67%) No religion (1.04%) Religion not stated (17.3%) Religion on the entire isle of Cyprus (including the Turkish Republic of Northern
Religion_in_Cyprus
and other religions. Freedom of religion and freedom of thought are warranted by the legacy of the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
Religion_in_France
Overview of and topical guide to Turkey
Turkey Freedom of information in Turkey Freedom of movement under Turkish law Freedom of the press in Turkey Freedom of religion in Turkey Freedom of
Outline_of_Turkey
Freedom of religion in Italy is guaranteed under the 1947 constitution of the Italian Republic. Before that religious toleration was provided for by the
Freedom_of_religion_in_Italy
Religion in Egypt controls many aspects of social life and is endorsed by law. The state religion of Egypt is Islam, although estimates vary greatly in
Religion_in_Egypt
In Russia, freedom of religion is provided for in Chapter 1, Article 14, Chapter 2, Articles 28 and 29 of the 1993 constitution, which forbid the federal
Freedom_of_religion_in_Russia
The International Panel of Parliamentarians for Freedom of Religion or Belief (IPPFoRB) is a network of parliamentarians from around the world committed
International Panel of Parliamentarians for Freedom of Religion or Belief
International_Panel_of_Parliamentarians_for_Freedom_of_Religion_or_Belief
The right to freedom of religion in the United Kingdom is provided for in all three constituent legal systems, by devolved, national, European, and international
Freedom of religion in the United Kingdom
Freedom_of_religion_in_the_United_Kingdom
Constitution of Mongolia provides for freedom of religion; however, the law somewhat limits proselytism. According to the national census of 2020, 51.7% of the
Freedom of religion in Mongolia
Freedom_of_religion_in_Mongolia
the status of various religions in the limited-recognition state of Northern Cyprus. Turkish Cypriots administer approximately one-third of the island
Religion_in_Northern_Cyprus
Television, radio, print, and digital media, and publishment operating in Turkey
mass media in Turkey includes a wide variety of domestic and foreign periodicals. 90% of the media ownership is concentrated in the hands of a few pro-government
Mass_media_in_Turkey
Law penalizing insults to Turkey
result in a lack of foreseeability as to its effects". Censorship in Turkey Enemy of the people Enemy of the state Freedom of religion in Turkey Human
Article 301 of the Turkish Penal Code
Article_301_of_the_Turkish_Penal_Code
guaranteeing freedom of religious belief for all. Eastern Orthodoxy represented 81 to 90% of the total population of Greece in 2022. Religions with smaller
Religion_in_Greece
provides some degree of freedom of religion. The government generally respects religious freedom for the six officially recognized religions (Islam, Protestantism
Freedom of religion in Indonesia
Freedom_of_religion_in_Indonesia
Freedom of religion in Morocco refers to the extent to which people in Morocco are freely able to practice their religious beliefs, taking into account
Freedom of religion in Morocco
Freedom_of_religion_in_Morocco
State or country without a state religion
"Understanding of Turkish Secularism in Terms of Freedom of Religion: Example of Compulsory Religious Education in Schools". Human Rights and the Separation of State
Secular_state
without a state religion, or separate ethnic divisions/ identities. The concept of "minorities" has only been accepted by the Republic of Turkey as defined
Demographics_of_Turkey
based on their religion, ethnicity, culture, or perceived identity in Turkey. Jews have lived in the territory comprising modern Turkey for over 2,400
Antisemitism_in_Turkey
Freedom of religion in Brazil is a constitutionally protected right, allowing believers the freedom to assemble and worship without limitation or interference
Freedom_of_religion_in_Brazil
countries in question. Over 120 national constitutions mention equality regardless of religion. Most countries in Africa legally establish that freedom of religion
Freedom of religion by country
Freedom_of_religion_by_country
Religious freedom is not provided for under the law. The government does not provide legal recognition or protection for freedom of religion, and it is
Freedom of religion in Saudi Arabia
Freedom_of_religion_in_Saudi_Arabia
Country in Southeastern Europe and West Asia
Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a smaller part called East Thrace in Southeast
Turkey
Freedom of religion in Singapore is a guaranteed constitutionally protected right. Article 15 of the Constitution of Singapore states: "Every person has
Freedom of religion in Singapore
Freedom_of_religion_in_Singapore
minorities, democratic freedom, freedom from discrimination, freedom from torture, freedom of movement, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, right to education
Human rights in Northern Cyprus
Human_rights_in_Northern_Cyprus
guarantees freedom of religion and strongly prohibits the establishment of any religion by banning government support or hindrance of religion at all levels
Religion_in_Brazil
Freedom of religion in the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) is marked by Iranian culture, major religion and politics. The Constitution of Iran mandates
Freedom_of_religion_in_Iran
(12%) Other religions (4%) Not answered (6%) Orthodox Christianity is the most widely professed religion in Russia, with significant minorities of non-religious
Religion_in_Russia
state religion. There are also small Protestant and Sunni Muslim communities. The constitution of Timor-Leste protects the freedom of religion, and representatives
Religion_in_Timor-Leste
Freedom of religion in Afghanistan changed during the Islamic Republic installment in 2002, following a U.S.-led invasion that displaced the former Taliban
Freedom of religion in Afghanistan
Freedom_of_religion_in_Afghanistan
Bilateral relations
criticized as being counter to the freedom of religion in Turkey. The Islamic preacher Hoca Fethullah Gülen was imprisoned in 1971 for his religious subversivism
Turkey–United States relations
Turkey–United_States_relations
Constitution of Armenia as amended in December 2005 provides for freedom of religion; however, the law places some restrictions on the religious freedom of adherents
Freedom of religion in Armenia
Freedom_of_religion_in_Armenia
Freedom of religion in Ukraine refers to the extent to which people in Ukraine are freely able to practice their religious beliefs, taking into account
Freedom of religion in Ukraine
Freedom_of_religion_in_Ukraine
Constitution of Malaysia establishes a right to freedom of religion in Article 11. However, Islam is also established as the state religion of the country in article
Freedom of religion in Malaysia
Freedom_of_religion_in_Malaysia
Freedom of religions in Georgia is provided for by the country's constitution, laws, and policies. In practice, the Georgian government generally respects
Freedom of religion in Georgia (country)
Freedom_of_religion_in_Georgia_(country)
constitution of the Syrian Arab Republic guarantees freedom of religion. Syria has had two constitutions: one passed in 1973, and one in 2012 through
Freedom_of_religion_in_Syria
Assembly of Catholic bishops
Ruggero Franceschini, OFMCap, Archbishop of Izmir (since 2010) Christianity in Turkey Freedom of religion in Turkey CNEWA 2016. "The Eastern Catholic Churches
Episcopal Conference of Turkey
Episcopal_Conference_of_Turkey
60%) The religion in Liechtenstein is predominantly Catholic, with a minority of Protestants, non-adherents, and adherents of other religions; it also
Religion_in_Liechtenstein
2019 history book written by Benny Morris and Dror Ze'evi
Human rights in Turkey Freedom of religion in Turkey Iaonnidis, Sakis (23 June 2016). "The 30-year genocide of Christians in Turkey (book review)". Kathimerini
The_Thirty-Year_Genocide
Church (1.20%) Other Christian (0.20%) No religion (37.9%) Islam (2.10%) Other religions (0.40%) Religion in Sweden has, over the years, become increasingly
Religion_in_Sweden
While the Constitution of Vietnam officially provides for freedom of religion, in practice the government imposes a range of legislative measures restricting
Freedom of religion in Vietnam
Freedom_of_religion_in_Vietnam
(0.01%) Religion in Syria refers to the range of religions practiced by the citizens of Syria. Historically, the region has been a mosaic of diverse faiths
Religion_in_Syria
Freedom of religion in North Korea is officially a right. However, in 2022, the UN secretary-general reported that North Korea's "right to freedom of
Freedom of religion in North Korea
Freedom_of_religion_in_North_Korea
Constitution of Albania provides for freedom of religion, and the Government has generally respected this right in practice. There have been no reports of societal
Freedom of religion in Albania
Freedom_of_religion_in_Albania
Other religions (6.50%) Unspecified (2.20%) Christianity is the predominant religion in Jamaica. Jamaica's laws establish freedom of religion and prohibit
Religion_in_Jamaica
Freedom of religion in Azerbaijan is substantially curtailed. The Azerbaijan government, which follows a strictly secular and anti-religious ideology,
Freedom of religion in Azerbaijan
Freedom_of_religion_in_Azerbaijan
freedom of religion enshrined in the Constitution. The preamble to post-apartheid South Africa's Constitution of 1996 contains references to God in the
Freedom of religion in South Africa
Freedom_of_religion_in_South_Africa
adherents each. Indian religions, also called Dharmic religions are the oldest religions of Asia. All Indian religions originated in the Indian subcontinent
Religion_in_Asia
Turkish non-profit organisation
sibling in atheism or deism indulge in incest." Ateizm Derneği filed criminal complaint against the hate speech. Freedom of religion in Turkey "Biz Kimiz
Association_of_Atheism
Freedom of religion in Colombia is enforced by the State and well tolerated in the Colombian culture. The Republic of Colombia has an area of 439,735
Freedom of religion in Colombia
Freedom_of_religion_in_Colombia
brought other religions from various regions to Argentina. Argentina is a secular nation and its constitution guarantees freedom of religion. Good Friday
Religion_in_Argentina
Religion in Malta, age 15+ (2021 census) Catholic Church (82.6%) Eastern Orthodox (3.60%) Church of England (1.30%) Other Christian (1.00%) Islam (3.90%)
Religion_in_Malta
Turkey laws relating to hate speech
of Human Rights (ECtHR) has repeatedly found Turkey in violation of Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, which protects freedom of expression
Hate_speech_laws_in_Turkey
2011 Turkish book by Ahmet Şık
Conservatism in Turkey Conspiracy theories in Turkey Freedom of religion in Turkey Hurriyet Daily News, 16 November 2011, Banned book goes on sale in Istanbul
The_Imam's_Army
unclassified (4.80%) Religion in Israel is manifested primarily in Judaism, the ethnic religion of the Jewish people. The State of Israel declares itself
Religion_in_Israel
The Constitution of Panama provides for freedom of religion. A survey in 2020 showed that 72.31% of the population were Catholic, 9.85% were Protestant
Freedom_of_religion_in_Panama
portal Religion portal Iranian religions Freedom of religion in Iran Human rights in Iran Human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran Islam in Iran Christianity
Religion_in_Iran
Freedom of religion in Romania refers to the extent to which people in Romania are freely able to practice their religious beliefs, taking into account
Freedom of religion in Romania
Freedom_of_religion_in_Romania
the countries in question. Every country in North America includes provisions for the freedom of religion or freedom of conscience in its constitution
Freedom of religion in North America by country
Freedom_of_religion_in_North_America_by_country
of religion is protected through statutory means. The law provides for freedom of religion, and the government generally has respected this right in practice;
Freedom of religion in Thailand
Freedom_of_religion_in_Thailand
Freedom of religion in India is a fundamental right guaranteed by Article 25–28 of the Constitution of India. Modern India came into existence in 1947
Freedom_of_religion_in_India
In 2022, the constitution of Belgium provides for freedom of religion. The law prohibits discrimination based on religious orientation; however federal
Freedom of religion in Belgium
Freedom_of_religion_in_Belgium
the All Saints Church in Istanbul. The constitution of Turkey recognizes the freedom of religion for individuals. The Armenian Protestants own three Istanbul
Protestantism_in_Turkey
Social-cultural system
other aspects of human culture. Barriers to exit a religion vary, ranging from freedom of religion to death for apostasy, which can result in coercion through
Religion
of State's International Religious Freedom Act, based on the highest estimate of people identified as indigenous or followers of indigenous religions
List_of_religious_populations
Turkisk anthropologist (born 1974)
Party. As an outspoken advocate of freedom of religion or belief, separation of mosque and state, and minority rights in the Middle East and beyond, Erdemir
Aykan_Erdemir
1923 treaty between Turkey and the Allies
article: Treaty of Lausanne Outline and timeline of the Greek genocide Human rights in Turkey Aftermath of World War I Freedom of religion in Turkey Conspiracy
Treaty_of_Lausanne
Foreign missionary groups are active in the country. The Constitution as amended in 2005 provides for freedom of religion and the right to practice, choose
Religion_in_Armenia
circumstances specific to the countries in question. Most countries in Asia officially establish the freedom of religion by law, but the extent to which this
Freedom of religion in Asia by country
Freedom_of_religion_in_Asia_by_country
2004 European Court of Human Rights case
that “Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience, and religion…to manifest his religion or belief, in worship, teaching, practice and observance
Leyla_Şahin_v_Turkey
Freedom of religion in Germany is guaranteed by article 4 of the German constitution. This states that "the freedom of religion, conscience and the freedom
Freedom of religion in Germany
Freedom_of_religion_in_Germany
Blasphemy against religion is illegal in Sudan under Blasphemy laws. Freedom of speech is a controversial issue and a subject of uncertainty in Tunisia. Artists
Freedom_of_speech_by_country
Religion in Uzbekistan (Ministry of Foreign Affairs 2020) Islam (96.3%) Christianity (2.20%) Other religion (1.40%) No religion (0.10%) The predominant
Religion_in_Uzbekistan
that is, neutral in matters of religious beliefs, and where everyone is equal before the law and is guaranteed freedom of religion, belief, and conscience
Religion_in_Kosovo
Social group of Turkey
Secularism in Turkey Conservatism in Turkey Kemalism Islam in Turkey Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's cult of personality Freedom of religion in Turkey Brown Sahib
White_Turks
Supreme law of the Republic of Turkey
The Constitution of Turkey, formally known as the Constitution of the Republic of Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasası), and informally as the
Constitution_of_Turkey
FREEDOM OF-RELIGION-IN-TURKEY
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