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Electoral device used within Macau and Hong Kong
A functional constituency is an electoral device (a non-geographical constituency) used within the political systems of two Special Administrative Regions
Functional_constituency
Type of constituency at the Hong Kong legislative assembly
In the Legislative Council of Hong Kong, a functional constituency (FC; Chinese: 功能界別 and formerly 功能組別 before handover of Hong Kong) is a seat representing
Functional constituency (Hong Kong)
Functional_constituency_(Hong_Kong)
direct elections in the geographical constituencies, with the remaining 35 elected from functional constituencies. Following the 2021 electoral changes
Hong Kong legislative elections
Hong_Kong_legislative_elections
maintaining its dominance in the functional constituencies and winning 17 of the 35, nearly half, of the geographical constituency seats, which were considered
2012 Hong Kong legislative election
2012_Hong_Kong_legislative_election
Unicameral legislature of Hong Kong
three groups of constituencies—geographical constituencies (GCs), functional constituencies (FCs), and Election Committee constituencies—and has been dominated
Legislative Council of Hong Kong
Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong
8th legislative election in Hong Kong
trade-based indirectly elected functional constituency seats, and 20 seats directly elected through geographical constituencies. The election, in which only
2025 Hong Kong legislative election
2025_Hong_Kong_legislative_election
Election held in Hong Kong
geographical constituencies, 30 members from indirectly elected functional constituencies, and 10 members from elections committee constituency who were elected
1995 Hong Kong legislative election
1995_Hong_Kong_legislative_election
election of the members of functional constituencies was held on 12 September 1991 and the election of geographical constituency seats was held on 15 September
1991 Hong Kong legislative election
1991_Hong_Kong_legislative_election
Hong Kong electoral college
subsectors: The Catering Subsector is corresponding to the Catering functional constituency and contains both corporate and individual members who hold food
Election_Committee
A total of 70 members, 35 from geographical constituencies (GCs) and 35 from functional constituencies (FCs), were returned. The election came after
2016 Hong Kong legislative election
2016_Hong_Kong_legislative_election
Hong Kong functional constituency
The Technology and Innovation functional constituency (Chinese: 科技創新界功能界別) is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of
Technology and Innovation functional constituency
Technology_and_Innovation_functional_constituency
Functional constituency in Hong Kong
The Commercial (First) functional constituency (Chinese: 商界（第一）功能界別) is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong
Commercial (First) functional constituency
Commercial_(First)_functional_constituency
representing the geographical constituencies are returned by popular vote, thirty seats representing the functional constituencies are elected through smaller
Elections_in_Hong_Kong
Hong Kong functional constituency
The Catering functional constituency (Chinese: 飲食界功能界別) is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong created
Catering_(constituency)
elected geographical constituencies (GCs) reduced from 35 to 20 seats, the trade-based indirectly elected functional constituencies (FCs) staying at 30
2021 Hong Kong legislative election
2021_Hong_Kong_legislative_election
Legislative session since 2026
through geographical constituencies, plus 40 seats selected by the Election Committee and 20 seats allocated to the functional constituencies. Starry Lee was
8th Legislative Council of Hong Kong
8th_Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong
Hong Kong functional constituency
Heung Yee Kuk functional constituency, formerly called the Rural functional constituency from 1991 to 1997, is a functional constituency in the elections
Heung_Yee_Kuk_(constituency)
Functional constituency of Hong Kong
The Tourism functional constituency (Chinese: 旅遊界功能界別) is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong first created
Tourism_(constituency)
The Information Technology functional constituency (Chinese: 資訊科技界功能界別) was a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong
Information Technology (constituency)
Information_Technology_(constituency)
Political party in Hong Kong
colonial governor or indirectly elected through the trade-based functional constituencies, to counter the liberal United Democrats of Hong Kong who emerged
Liberal_Party_(Hong_Kong)
turned out to return 13 candidates in 8 electoral college and 4 functional constituency seats while another 13 seats were returned unopposed. The liberal
1988 Hong Kong legislative election
1988_Hong_Kong_legislative_election
that created four new seats; two new geographical constituency seats and two new functional constituency seats. Out of a total of 33 seats, 14 were elected
2013 Macanese legislative election
2013_Macanese_legislative_election
30 members from directly elected geographical constituencies and 30 members from functional constituencies, of which 11 were unopposed. An unprecedented
2004 Hong Kong legislative election
2004_Hong_Kong_legislative_election
Functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong
The Agriculture and Fisheries functional constituency (Chinese: 漁農界功能界別) is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of
Agriculture and Fisheries (constituency)
Agriculture_and_Fisheries_(constituency)
Hong Kong functional constituency
Surveying, Planning and Landscape functional constituency (Chinese: 建築、測量、都市規劃及園境界功能界別) is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative
Architectural, Surveying, Planning and Landscape (constituency)
Architectural,_Surveying,_Planning_and_Landscape_(constituency)
Topics referred to by the same term
Import/Export, a 2007 Austrian film Import and Export (constituency), a functional constituency of the Hong Kong Legislative Council Office of Chief Controller
Import_and_export
Hong Kong molecular biologist
was a registered elector in the functional constituency of Technology and Innovation and the geographical constituency of Kowloon West. The State Key Laboratory
Dennis_Lo
Political alignment in Hong Kong
Hong Kong (LegCo), having the advantage of indirectly elected functional constituencies. Going into the 2010s, the pro-Beijing camp underwent a period
Pro-Beijing_camp_(Hong_Kong)
proposal by the Democratic Party concerning the new District Council functional constituency seats which they had up to that point opposed as being in contravention
2010 Hong Kong electoral reform
2010_Hong_Kong_electoral_reform
The Commercial (Third) functional constituency (Chinese: 商界（第三）功能界別) is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong
Commercial (Third) functional constituency
Commercial_(Third)_functional_constituency
Hong Kong doctor and politician (born 1976)
2016 Hong Kong Legislative Council election through the Medical functional constituency. Chan was born in Hong Kong in 1976.[citation needed] In 2000,
Pierre_Chan
Functional constituency of Hong Kong
The District Council (Second) functional constituency (Chinese: 區議會（第二）功能界別) was a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council
District_Council_(Second)
Member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
represented the Sports, Performing Arts, Culture and Publication functional constituency between 1998 and 2012. While he was not affiliated with any political
Timothy_Fok
Functional constituency of Hong Kong
The Accountancy functional constituency (Chinese: 會計界功能界別) is a functional constituency seat in the Legislative Council of Hong Kong first created for
Accountancy_(constituency)
Hong Kong Internet entrepreneur and IT advocate
IT advocate who formerly represented the Information Technology functional constituency on the Hong Kong Legislative Council. Mok founded HKNet in 1994
Charles_Mok
Functional constituency of Hong Kong
The Financial Services functional constituency (Chinese: 金融服務界功能界別) is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong
Financial Services (constituency)
Financial_Services_(constituency)
Hong Kong businessman (born 1979)
Council for the Sports, Performing Arts, Culture and Publication Functional Constituency since 2021. He is the vice president of the Fok Ying Tung Group
Kenneth_Fok
Hong Kong functional constituency
The Education functional constituency, formerly called Teaching from 1985 to 1995, is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council
Education_(constituency)
Functional constituency of Hong Kong
The Industrial (First) functional constituency (Chinese: 工業界（第一）功能界別) is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong
Industrial (First) functional constituency
Industrial_(First)_functional_constituency
Hong Kong functional constituency
Performing Arts, Culture and Publication functional constituency (Chinese: 體育、演藝、文化及出版界功能界別) is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative
Sports, Performing Arts, Culture and Publication (constituency)
Sports,_Performing_Arts,_Culture_and_Publication_(constituency)
Hong Kong functional constituency
The Textiles and Garment functional constituency (Chinese: 紡織及製衣界功能界別) is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong
Textiles and Garment (constituency)
Textiles_and_Garment_(constituency)
geographical constituencies through direct elections, and 30 members by functional constituencies. Candidates for 14 functional constituency seats were
2008 Hong Kong legislative election
2008_Hong_Kong_legislative_election
Topics referred to by the same term
unit "Labor", an episode of TV series Superstore Labour (constituency), a functional constituency in Hong Kong elections Labors, fictional robots in Patlabor
Labour
Electoral constituency in Hong Kong
The Engineering functional constituency (Chinese: 工程界功能界別) is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong first
Engineering_(constituency)
Hong Kong politician (born 1962)
politician. He was a member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong (Functional constituency, medical). He is the first public hospital doctor to be elected
Leung_Ka-lau
elected geographical constituencies, 10 seats from the Election Committee constituency and 30 members from functional constituencies, of which 10 were uncontested
1998 Hong Kong legislative election
1998_Hong_Kong_legislative_election
the Legislative Council of Hong Kong (1991—1995) for the Legal functional constituency. He was educated at St Stephen's Church School, Hong Kong, and
Simon_Ip
Hong Kong academic
elected in the 2016 Legislative Council election representing the functional constituency of Architectural, Surveying, Planning and Landscape. On 14 July
Edward_Yiu
Hong Kong entrepreneur and politician
Legislative Council of Hong Kong, representing the Wholesale and Retail functional constituency. Fang was born into the Fang family in Shanghai, China on 7 May
Vincent_Fang_(entrepreneur)
Hong Kong politician and businessman
was an elected member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong (Functional constituency, Information Technology) from 2008 to 2012. He is the chairman
Samson_Tam
were 12 members elected by the Electoral Colleges and 12 by the functional constituencies, four official members and the rest of the seats were appointed
1985 Hong Kong legislative election
1985_Hong_Kong_legislative_election
Hong Kong functional constituency
The Finance functional constituency, formerly called the Financial functional constituency between 1985 and 1991, is a functional constituency in the elections
Finance_(constituency)
existing functional constituencies by replacing corporate voting with individual voting; A total of 9 Contemporary functional constituency seats should
1994 Hong Kong electoral reform
1994_Hong_Kong_electoral_reform
Topics referred to by the same term
window Education (journal), an academic journal Education (constituency), functional constituency of Hong Kong Educational management, the system of managing
Education_(disambiguation)
Hong Kong doctor and politician
politician. He was the Legislative Councillor for the Medical functional constituency from 2000 to 2004. He was the vice-chairman of the pro-democracy
Lo_Wing-lok
Elections in Hong Kong
elected geographical constituencies, 6 seats from the Election Committee constituency and 30 members from functional constituencies, of which 9 uncontested
2000 Hong Kong legislative election
2000_Hong_Kong_legislative_election
Hong Kong functional constituency
The Legal functional constituency (Chinese: 法律界功能界別) is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. It was one
Legal_(constituency)
Topics referred to by the same term
community Industrial Township, St. Louis County, Minnesota Two functional constituencies in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong: Industrial
Industrial
by functional constituencies and by geographical constituencies through direct elections. A candidate for a geographical or functional constituency would
2021 Hong Kong electoral changes
2021_Hong_Kong_electoral_changes
Council of Hong Kong from 2000 to 2004 through the health services functional constituency. He worked with Castle Peak Hospital and Prince of Wales Hospital
Michael_Mak_(politician)
Type of constituency at the Macau legislative assembly
sectors are involved in the electoral process. Eligible voters in a functional constituency are designated legal entities such as organisations and corporations
Indirectly_elected_member
Hong Kong non-profit organization
Legislative Council of Hong Kong through the Commercial (Second) functional constituency and also many other political sectors such as the Election Committee
Chinese General Chamber of Commerce
Chinese_General_Chamber_of_Commerce
Trade union federation in Hong Kong
TUC ran uncontested in the two newly created seats in the Labour functional constituency. One such candidate was Tam Yiu-chung of the HKFTU, who served
Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions
Hong_Kong_Federation_of_Trade_Unions
without "unreasonable restrictions," including the abolition of functional constituencies. Hong Kong's path toward democracy has been marked by incremental
Democracy_in_Hong_Kong
Topics referred to by the same term
television) Radio advertisement Television advertisement Two functional constituencies in elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong: Commercial
Commercial
Hong Kong politician
Council of Hong Kong (LegCo), representing the Financial Services Functional Constituency. He is director of several companies. Chim was a legislative councillor
Chim_Pui-chung
Hong Kong functional constituency
The Industrial (Second) functional constituency (Chinese: 工業界（第二）功能界別) is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong
Industrial_(Second)
Hong Kong activist and politician
to the colonial legislature through the newly created Teaching functional constituency in 1985. He and Martin Lee became the two pro-democrats appointed
Szeto_Wah
Functional constituency of Hong Kong
The Labour functional constituency (Chinese: 勞工界功能界別) is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. It was one
Labour_(constituency)
Functional constituency in Hong Kong
Social Welfare functional constituency (Chinese: 社會福利界功能界別), formerly called Social Services between 1988 and 1995, is a functional constituency in the elections
Social_Welfare_(constituency)
Hong Kong political faction in favour of universal suffrage
restoration of corporate votes in the functional constituencies, and replacement of broad-based functional constituencies with traditional ones, the number
Pro-democracy camp (Hong Kong)
Pro-democracy_camp_(Hong_Kong)
Hong Kong politician
member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong for the Industrial Functional Constituency from 2008 to 2016. In 2008 he began service as a committee member
Lam_Tai-fai
for all five geographical constituencies, the five-seat District Council (Second) and Health Services functional constituency. Most potential candidates
2020 Hong Kong pro-democracy primaries
2020_Hong_Kong_pro-democracy_primaries
Hong Kong functional constituency
The Commercial (Second) functional constituency (Chinese: 商界（第二）功能界別) is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong
Commercial_(Second)
Representative subdivisions
constituencies based on qualifications, such as the university constituencies in Ireland and, historically, in the United Kingdom, or the functional constituency
Electoral_district
Hong Kong politician
of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong for the Heung Yee Kuk functional constituency, succeeding his father Lau Wong-fat in 2015 and 2016 respectively
Kenneth_Lau
Territories East geographical constituencies and the Architectural, Surveying, Planning and Landscape functional constituency - resulting from the disqualification
March 2018 Hong Kong by-elections
March_2018_Hong_Kong_by-elections
Hong Kong functional constituency
The Wholesale and Retail functional constituency (Chinese: 批發及零售界功能界別) is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong
Wholesale and Retail (constituency)
Wholesale_and_Retail_(constituency)
This is a list of constituencies of Hong Kong. There are currently ten geographical constituencies and 28 functional constituencies that elect 50 out
List of constituencies of Hong Kong
List_of_constituencies_of_Hong_Kong
Hong Kong politician
(Second) constituency. In the 2016 Legislative Council election, Ng ran unopposed in the CMAHK's Industrial (Second) functional constituency, succeeding
Jimmy_Ng
Constituency of the Delhi legislative assembly in India
Federation, working in Kirari Assembly Constituency area which works as an umbrella organization for all the functional as well as dysfunctional R.W.As of
Kirari_Assembly_constituency
Hong Kong politician (born 1970)
legislative election, Shiu won a seat in the Wholesale and Retail functional constituency, keeping the seat in Liberal hands, with 65 percent of the vote
Peter_Shiu
Taiwanese politician
elected to the Legislative Yuan in 1972, 1975, and 1980, from the functional constituency representing business. "The 1975 Legislative Yuan Elections: 61
Huang_Mien-mien
The conservative business sector preferred a combination of the functional constituency and electoral college while the liberals wanted all or substantial
Hong Kong Basic Law Drafting Committee
Hong_Kong_Basic_Law_Drafting_Committee
Former Hong Kong functional constituency
Catering functional constituency was in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong first created in 1995 as one of the nine new functional constituencies
Hotels and Catering (constituency)
Hotels_and_Catering_(constituency)
Hong Kong politician (born 1951)
elected to the legislature representing the Industrial (First) functional constituency before retiring in 2025, and served as the chairman of Business
Andrew_Leung
of trade and industrial policies. It has been designated as a functional constituency to represent the industry, such that CMA members have the voting
Chinese Manufacturers' Association of Hong Kong
Chinese_Manufacturers'_Association_of_Hong_Kong
Former Hong Kong functional constituency
The Health Services functional constituency (Chinese: 衞生服務界功能界別), formerly called the Health Care, was a functional constituency in the elections for the
Health Services (constituency)
Health_Services_(constituency)
2012–2016 Legislative Council of Hong Kong
constituencies through direct elections, and 35 members in functional constituencies, in which five District Council (Second) functional constituency
5th Legislative Council of Hong Kong
5th_Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong
Former Hong Kong functional constituency
The Medical functional constituency (Chinese: 醫學界功能界別) was a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong first created
Medical_(constituency)
Functional constituency in Hong Kong
Manufacturing functional constituency was in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong first created in 1995 as one of the nine new functional constituencies
Manufacturing_(constituency)
Hong Kong legislature
election committee and the functional constituency electorate. The electoral reform created nine functional constituencies that gave paid labourers voting
Provisional Legislative Council
Provisional_Legislative_Council
Hong Kong politician
member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong, representing the functional constituency of Insurance from 2008 to 2025. He was elected to chair the Finance
Chan_Kin-por
Hong Kong functional constituency
The Medical and Health Services functional constituency (Chinese: 醫療衞生界功能界別) is a functional constituency seat in the Legislative Council of Hong Kong
Medical and Health Services (constituency)
Medical_and_Health_Services_(constituency)
Council (First) functional constituency (Chinese: 區議會（第一）功能界別), formerly called District Council until 2012, was a functional constituency in the elections
District Council (First) functional constituency
District_Council_(First)_functional_constituency
Functional constituency of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong
next to the directly elected geographical constituencies and the indirectly elected functional constituencies in the early SAR period. With the last British
Election Committee (constituency)
Election_Committee_(constituency)
Hong Kong solicitor
the tourism functional constituency as an owner of a small travel agency, before standing and re-elected in 2012 at Kowloon East constituency, and subsequently
Paul_Tse
Hong Kong functional constituency
The Transport functional constituency (Chinese: 航運交通界功能界別) is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. 195
Transport_(constituency)
Voter constituency in Hong Kong legislative elections
Conference and representatives of relevant national organisations functional constituency (Chinese: 香港特別行政區全國人大代表香港特別行政區全國政協委員及有關全國性團體代表界功能界別), also known
HKSAR members of NPC and CPPCC, representatives of national organisations (constituency)
HKSAR_members_of_NPC_and_CPPCC,_representatives_of_national_organisations_(constituency)
Political party in Hong Kong
in the group were elected through professional sectors in the Functional Constituencies. The group was active between the 2016 Legislative Council election
Professionals_Guild
FUNCTIONAL CONSTITUENCY
FUNCTIONAL CONSTITUENCY
FUNCTIONAL CONSTITUENCY
FUNCTIONAL CONSTITUENCY
FUNCTIONAL CONSTITUENCY
FUNCTIONAL CONSTITUENCY
FUNCTIONAL CONSTITUENCY
FUNCTIONAL CONSTITUENCY
FUNCTIONAL CONSTITUENCY