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End of viability for a population
Functional extinction is the extinction of a species or other taxon such that: It disappears from the fossil record, or historic reports of its existence
Functional_extinction
Termination of a taxon in a region which it previously inhabited
though it still exists elsewhere. Local extinctions are contrasted with global extinctions. Local extinctions mark a change in the ecology of an area
Local_extinction
List of extinct species
lists of species and organisms that have become extinct. The reasons for extinction range from natural occurrences, such as shifts in the Earth's ecosystem
Lists_of_extinct_species
Rapid decrease in Earth's biodiversity
Marine extinction intensity during Phanerozoic % Millions of years ago (H) K–Pg Tr–J P–Tr Cap Late D O–S An extinction event (also known as a mass extinction
Extinction_event
Mass extinction event about 66 million years ago
Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) extinction event, formerly known as the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K–T) extinction event, was a major mass extinction of three-quarters of
Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event
Cretaceous–Paleogene_extinction_event
Branch of ecology
classical sense of the word, keeping a functional perspective in mind can avoid "functional extinction". Functional extinction is defined as "the point at which
Functional_ecology
Termination of a species' lineage
Extinction is the termination of a species via the death of its last member. A taxon may become functionally extinct before the death of its last member
Extinction
Process of re-creating an extinct organism
De-extinction (also known as resurrection biology, or species revivalism) is the process of human intervention to generate an organism that either resembles
De-extinction
Earth's most severe extinction event
Marine extinction intensity during Phanerozoic % Millions of years ago (H) K–Pg Tr–J P–Tr Cap Late D O–S The Permian–Triassic extinction event, colloquially
Permian–Triassic extinction event
Permian–Triassic_extinction_event
End of the human species
Human extinction, or omnicide, refers to the possible ending of the human species, either by population decline due to singular natural events—for example
Human_extinction
Mass extinction event c. 444 million years ago
Marine extinction intensity during Phanerozoic % Millions of years ago (H) K–Pg Tr–J P–Tr Cap Late D O–S The Late Ordovician mass extinction (LOME), sometimes
Late Ordovician mass extinction
Late_Ordovician_mass_extinction
Standard rate of extinction
Background extinction rate (BER), also known as the normal extinction rate, refers to the standard rate of extinction in Earth's geological and biological
Background_extinction_rate
Future extinction of species due to events in the past
In ecology, extinction debt is the future extinction of species due to events in the past. The phrases dead clade walking and survival without recovery
Extinction_debt
Mass extinction ending the Triassic period
Marine extinction intensity during Phanerozoic % Millions of years ago (H) K–Pg Tr–J P–Tr Cap Late D O–S The Triassic–Jurassic (Tr-J) extinction event
Triassic–Jurassic_extinction
Extinction of large animals at the end of the last Ice Age
The Late Pleistocene to the beginning of the Holocene saw the extinction of the majority of the world's megafauna, typically defined as animal species
Late_Pleistocene_extinctions
Environmental movement
The Voluntary Human Extinction Movement (VHEMT) is an environmental movement that calls for all people to abstain from reproduction in order to cause the
Voluntary Human Extinction Movement
Voluntary_Human_Extinction_Movement
Symbol to represent mass extinction
The extinction symbol represents the threat of holocene extinction on Earth; a circle represents the planet and a stylised hourglass is a warning that
Extinction_symbol
Class of models about the dynamics of extinctions of species
Extinction vortices are types of extinction causing the population dynamics to "spiral" in a feedback loop, i.e., for small populations to become increasingly
Extinction_vortex
IUCN conservation category
alphabetical list Ex situ conservation Extinction Ecological extinction Lists of extinct species Local extinction Nature conservation Wildlife conservation
Extinct_in_the_wild
Species of weevil
American chestnut, the species was thought to be extinct following the functional extinction of its host. However, it was rediscovered via the community science
Curculio_caryatrypes
Second of the big five mass extinctions
Marine extinction intensity during Phanerozoic % Millions of years ago (H) K–Pg Tr–J P–Tr Cap Late D O–S The Late Devonian mass extinction, also known
Late_Devonian_mass_extinction
This is a list of extinction events, both mass and minor: "Big Five" major extinction events (see graphic) Marine extinction intensity during Phanerozoic
List_of_extinction_events
Infraorder of marine mammals
from minimally in the case of the southern bottlenose whale to the functional extinction of baiji (Chinese river dolphin) due to impacts of human shipping
Cetacean
2014 nonfiction book by Elizabeth Kolbert
sixth extinction. In the book, Kolbert chronicles previous mass extinction events, and compares them to the accelerated, widespread extinctions during
The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History
The_Sixth_Extinction:_An_Unnatural_History
Bioengineering project with the goal of replicating an extinct species
two males represent the first living examples of the species since its extinction approximately 10,000 years ago. Khaleesi, a female, was born later, on
Colossal Biosciences dire wolf project
Colossal_Biosciences_dire_wolf_project
Organism resembling a form long shown in the fossil records
critically endangered, possibly extinct and has the unofficial status of functional extinction. Casane, Didier; Laurenti, Patrick (1 April 2013). "Why coelacanths
Living_fossil
Mass extinction event 33.9 million years ago
E-OG Marine extinction intensity during Phanerozoic % Millions of years ago (H) K–Pg Tr–J P–Tr Cap Late D O–S The Eocene–Oligocene extinction event, also
Eocene–Oligocene extinction event
Eocene–Oligocene_extinction_event
Ecological trend recorded since the late 20th century
activity or meteor impact. The Permian–Triassic extinction event saw the greatest level of insect extinction, and the Cretaceous–Paleogene the second highest
Decline_in_insect_populations
Last known individual of a species or subspecies
matching ancient descriptions. Conservation status De-extinction Extinction Holocene extinction Lists of extinct animals Rare species Terminal speaker
Endling
Statistical effects of small numbers on a population
conservation strategies. Decline in amphibian populations Founder effect Functional extinction Gene pool Genetic erosion Genetic pollution Minimum viable population
Small_population_size
Accumulation of harmful mutations
experiments have confirmed the existence of the ratchet and the consequent extinction of populations in many organisms (under intense drift and when recombinations
Muller's_ratchet
Termination of a species caused by conservation of a different species
Conservation-induced extinction is where efforts to save endangered species lead to the extinction of other species. This mostly threatens the parasite
Conservation-induced extinction
Conservation-induced_extinction
Last known passenger pigeon
the last male northern white rhinoceros, whose death marked the functional extinction of his subspecies Toughie (frog), the last known Rabbs' fringe-limbed
Martha_(passenger_pigeon)
Species of chestnut tree
where the oak mast failed. The functional extinction of the American chestnut was thought to have resulted in the extinction of the tree's host-specialist
American_chestnut
Paleoproterozoic surge in atmospheric oxygen
is toxic to the then-mostly anaerobic biosphere, may have caused the extinction/extirpation of many early organisms on Earth—mostly archaeal colonies
Great_Oxidation_Event
Taxon that disappears from the fossil record, only to reappear later
observational artifacts that appear to occur either because of (local) extinction, later resupplied, or as a sampling artifact. The fossil record is inherently
Lazarus_taxon
Risk of plant or animal species becoming extinct due to climate change
several plausible pathways that could lead to plant and animal species extinction from climate change. Every species has evolved to exist within a certain
Extinction risk from climate change
Extinction_risk_from_climate_change
list of recently extinct butterflies, their former ranges, and dates of extinction. Libythea cinyras (Mauritius, 1866) Mbashe River buff, Deloneura immaculata
List_of_extinct_butterflies
Point at which a population cannot survive
Extinction threshold is a term used in conservation biology to explain the point at which a species, population or metapopulation, experiences an abrupt
Extinction_threshold
Level of extinction from which a species cannot recover
Quasi-extinction refers to the state in which a species or population has declined to critically low numbers, making its recovery highly unlikely, even
Quasi-extinction
Paradox coined by Michael Rosenzweig
the predators and possibly lead to local eradication or even species extinction. The term 'paradox' has been used since then to describe this effect in
Paradox_of_enrichment
This timeline of extinctions is a chronological list of biological species, subspecies, and other evolutionary significant units recorded to have disappeared
Timeline of extinctions in the 19th century
Timeline_of_extinctions_in_the_19th_century
Extinct subspecies of Iberian ibex
The Pyrenean ibex is the first animal to have been brought back from extinction through cloning and also the only one to become extinct twice. Multiple
Pyrenean_ibex
Loss or extinctions of animals in the forests
Defaunation is the global, local, or functional extinction of animal populations or species from ecological communities. The growth of the human population
Defaunation
Fading of non-reinforced conditioned response over time
Extinction in psychology refers to the gradual decrease and possible elimination of a learned behavior. This behavioral phenomenon can be observed in both
Extinction_(psychology)
Type of evolutionary extinction vortex
In evolutionary genetics, mutational meltdown is a sub class of extinction vortex in which the environment and genetic predisposition mutually reinforce
Mutational_meltdown
Gradual evolutionary change in a species without splitting
defined as the original species. The evolution of this group, without extinction or species selection, is anagenesis. One hypothesis is that during the
Anagenesis
Ecology term
for global extinction, but this simplistic view of their demography does not take into account that they have already become functionally extinct in the
Ecological_extinction
Ongoing mass extinction of amphibian species worldwide
amphibian populations, including population decline and localized mass extinctions, have been observed in locations all over the world. This type of biodiversity
Decline in amphibian populations
Decline_in_amphibian_populations
Depleting a renewable resource
for reproduction. Such practices can result in extinction at the population level and even extinction of whole species. In conservation biology, the term
Overexploitation
Potential for a species to become threatened or extinct
In conservation biology, latent extinction risk is a measure of the potential for a species to become threatened. Latent risk can most easily be described
Latent_extinction_risk
Postulated extinct species without evidence
v t e Extinction Phenomena Background extinction rate Coextinction De-extinction Ecological extinction Extinct in the wild Functional extinction Genetic
Hypothetical_species
Korean EEZ within very short period in 20th century. After the functional extinction in Pacific side of Japanese waters between the 1910s and 1930s,
List_of_mammals_of_Korea
Evolutionary process
the expense of the smaller, rarer species, eventually driving them to extinction. Eventually, only a few species remain, each distinctly different from
Speciation
Sea in northern Europe
eastern population of North Atlantic right whales that is facing functional extinction once migrated into Baltic Sea. Other notable megafauna include the
Baltic_Sea
Ongoing extinction event caused by human activity
Marine extinction intensity during Phanerozoic % Millions of years ago (H) K–Pg Tr–J P–Tr Cap Late D O–S The Holocene or Anthropocene extinction is an
Holocene_extinction
rate of extinction may be up to 140,000 species per year. List of extinct animals Extinction event Quaternary extinction event Holocene extinction Timeline
Timeline of extinctions in the Holocene
Timeline_of_extinctions_in_the_Holocene
Wildlife sanctuary in Malaysia
v t e Extinction Phenomena Background extinction rate Coextinction De-extinction Ecological extinction Extinct in the wild Functional extinction Genetic
Sepilok Orangutan Rehabilitation Centre
Sepilok_Orangutan_Rehabilitation_Centre
Conservation status indicator
the conservation status of major species groups, and measures trends in extinction risk over time. By conducting conservation assessments at regular intervals
Red_List_Index
Family of fishes
(Pristidae) in the Arabian region: diversity, distribution, and functional extinction of large and historically abundant marine vertebrates". Aquatic
Sawfish
Process by which a natural habitat becomes incapable of supporting its native species
destruction is in fact the leading cause of biodiversity loss and species extinction worldwide. Humans contribute to habitat destruction through the use of
Habitat_destruction
Large animals
extinctions, which is unprecented in previous extinctions during the last 30 million years. Various theories have attributed the wave of extinctions to
Megafauna
This timeline of extinctions is a chronological list of biological species, subspecies, and other evolutionary significant units recorded to have disappeared
Timeline of extinctions in the 20th century
Timeline_of_extinctions_in_the_20th_century
Brazilian ecologist and conservation biologist
Guimaraes, P. H. Brancalion, M. C. Ribeiro, and P. Jordano. 2013. Functional Extinction of Birds Drives Rapid Evolutionary Changes in Seed Size. Science
Mauro_Galetti
Species of fish
colony died and only four eggs hatched, all male, resulting in functional extinction of the species. The last remaining males were then shipped individually
Catarina_pupfish
Wikimedia list
when the last individual organism of the taxon dies. Compare functional extinction. extinction vortex extreme environment An environment in which few living
Glossary_of_ecology
Loss of one species endangers other species
authors Stork and Lyal (1993) and was originally used to explain the extinction of parasitic insects following the loss of their specific hosts. The term
Coextinction
Species of marine mammal
Heidi; Yang, Zixin; Tang, Xiaoming; Li, Songhai (24 August 2022). "Functional extinction of dugongs in China". Royal Society Open Science. 9 (8) 211994.
Dugong
Geological process
fossil group or a reduction, these may equate to speciation events or extinction events, or may only represent migration. Records of the appearance and
Bioevent
Variety and variability of life forms
extinction events. In the Carboniferous, rainforest collapse may have led to a great loss of plant and animal life. The Permian–Triassic extinction event
Biodiversity
UK-based charity
v t e Extinction Phenomena Background extinction rate Coextinction De-extinction Ecological extinction Extinct in the wild Functional extinction Genetic
Population_Matters
larger whales. Rorquals' situations were similar, but their functional local extinction was caused later in the 20th century by modern Japanese whaling
Wildlife_of_China
Hypothetical model of extinction
The field of bullets hypothesis describes a model in which extinction is non-selective and occurs randomly. The metaphor of the field of bullets suggest
Field_of_bullets
Species of river dolphin
river. Organizers declared the baiji functionally extinct. The baiji represents the first documented global extinction of an aquatic "megafaunal" vertebrate
Baiji
Phenomenon where a species is perpetuated by a daughter species
Pseudoextinction (or phyletic extinction) of a species occurs when all members of the species are extinct, but members of a daughter species remain alive
Pseudoextinction
Ecological concept
barriers—or by the extinction of coevolved animal dispersers. The concern is that ongoing warming trends will expose them to extirpation or extinction in the decades
Refugium_(population_biology)
Alcoholic beverage originally produced in China using the bones of tigers
is claimed to be a major factor in the tiger's current state of functional extinction. Tiger wine production and commercialisation continued, although
Tiger_bone_wine
Smallest size a biological population can exist without facing extinction
possible size at which a biological population can exist without facing extinction from natural disasters or demographic, environmental, or genetic stochasticity
Minimum_viable_population
taxonomic and functional diversity after the extinction: species richness rebounded within roughly 2.5–5 million years, but functional richness continued
Sinsk_Event
Species of mammal
Sea of Japan to the Yellow and Bohai Seas were likely driven to functional extinction. No right whales have been recorded in China and in South Korea
North_Pacific_right_whale
determine which species, or functional groups, are most vulnerable and susceptible to extinction. Overall, understanding how extinction affects ecosystems, and
Functional_group_(ecology)
Species of bird
mosquito population continues increasing, Maui parrotbills may face functional extinction in the wild by 2027. Due to this, there have been several conservation
Maui_parrotbill
Global biodiversity index
population size, regardless of whether they bring a population close to extinction, are equally accounted for" has been noted as a limitation. In 2005, WWF
Living_Planet_Index
Species of bird
R. Guimaraes, P. H. Brancalion, M. C. Ribeiro, and P. Jordano. "Functional Extinction of Birds Drives Rapid Evolutionary Changes in Seed Size." Science
Saffron_toucanet
Papuan language
There are two main dialects. Akiblîk, the dialect of Bolo, was near functional extinction in 1982, the youngest speaker then being about 35 years old. The
Anêm_language
Species of beetle
Duane (2023-12-26). "Did the Functional Extinction of the American Chestnut, Castanea dentata, Result in the Extinction of the Greater Chestnut Weevil
Curculio_sayi
Species of porpoise endemic to China
these porpoises use echolocation and ultrasonic pulses. After the functional extinction of the Yangtze river dolphin and the rapid decreasing of population
Yangtze_finless_porpoise
Sixth and last period of the Paleozoic Era
least three, and possibly four major extinction events in the Permian, though the validity of some of these extinctions has been disputed. The end of the
Permian
points their extinction at 1000 C. E., a 1991 study found they coexisted with humans and survived into the 1500s. The species may be functionally extinct.
List of recently extinct mammals
List_of_recently_extinct_mammals
Genetic phenomenon
system both of which can then "fast-track" that species towards eventual extinction. By definition, endangered species suffer varying degrees of genetic erosion
Genetic_erosion
Marine flowering plants
should warming in the Mediterranean basin continue, it may lead to a functional extinction of Posidonia oceanica in the Mediterranean by 2050. Scientists suggested
Seagrass
Interdisciplinary study of extinction avoidance
management, conservation of genetic diversity, and the prevention of species extinction. Scientists involved in conservation genetics come from a variety of fields
Conservation_genetics
Uncontrolled gene flow into wild populations
depression and the introduction of unwanted phenotypes which can lead to extinction. Conservation biologists and conservationists have used the term to describe
Genetic_pollution
Defunct ride at Disney's Animal Kingdom
populated with dinosaur audio-animatronics. Originally named Countdown to Extinction when the park opened on April 22, 1998, the ride was re-named to Dinosaur
Dinosaur (Disney's Animal Kingdom)
Dinosaur_(Disney's_Animal_Kingdom)
Extinct carnivorous marsupial from Australasia
years ago. Intensive hunting on Tasmania is generally blamed for its extinction, but other contributing factors were disease, the introduction of and
Thylacine
Study of past life through fossils
Georges Cuvier in 1796. Cuvier demonstrated evidence for the concept of extinction and how the life of the past was not necessarily the same as that of the
Paleontology
increasingly similar over time. This process may be genetic, taxonomic, or functional, and it leads to a loss of beta (β) diversity. While the term is sometimes
Biotic_homogenization
When the populace of a non-human species exceeds the carrying capacity of its environment
erminea)" and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). Such species have contributed to the extinction of approximately 58% of modern-day mammals, birds and reptiles. In Australia
Overabundant_species
Genus of plants
J. J.; Molloy, S.; Terry, J. (2011). "Cascading effects of bird functional extinction reduce pollination and plant density". Science. 331 (6020): 1068–1071
Rhabdothamnus
Extinct order of mammals
; Corfe, Ian J. (March 2019). "Functional tests of the competitive exclusion hypothesis for multituberculate extinction". Royal Society Open Science. 6
Multituberculata
FUNCTIONAL EXTINCTION
FUNCTIONAL EXTINCTION
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, English, French
Mighty Spearman; The Fictional Character Jorel Father of Superman
Male
Egyptian
, an Egyptian functionary.
Male
Celtic
, great justiciary, or functionary.
Male
Egyptian
, a high Egyptian functionary.
Male
Egyptian
, a great functionary.
Male
Egyptian
, the son of the functionary Heknofre.
Boy/Male
Australian, French
Fictional Swordsman; Ambitious and Filled with Religious Aspirations; From Alexander Dumas's Three Musketeers
Boy/Male
English
The fictional character Jorel father of Superman.
Boy/Male
English
The fictional character Jorel father of Superman.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname from the animal, Middle English catte ‘cat’. The word is found in similar forms in most European languages from very early times (e.g. Gaelic cath, Slavic kotu). Domestic cats were unknown in Europe in classical times, when weasels fulfilled many of their functions, for example in hunting rodents. They seem to have come from Egypt, where they were regarded as sacred animals.English : from a medieval female personal name, a short form of Catherine.Variant spelling of German and Dutch Katt.
Boy/Male
American, British, English
Mighty Spearman; The Fictional Character Jorel Father of Superman
Boy/Male
Buddhist, Indian, Japanese
Mysterious Function
Male
Egyptian
, an Egyptian functionary.
Boy/Male
English
Modern. The fictional character Jorel father of Superman.
Male
Egyptian
, Functionary of the Interior.
Boy/Male
English
The fictional character Jorel father of Superman.
Boy/Male
American, British, English
Mighty Spearman; One who Saves; The Fictional Character Jorel Father of Superman
Boy/Male
French
Fictional swordsman: (ambitious and filled with religious aspirations) from Alexander Dumas's...
Biblical
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Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Danish, English, Finnish, French, German, Scandinavian
Farmer; The Fictional Character Jorel Father of Superman; Earth Worker
FUNCTIONAL EXTINCTION
FUNCTIONAL EXTINCTION
Boy/Male
Gaelic Irish
Red haired.
Surname or Lastname
English (Suffolk)
English (Suffolk) : unexplained.
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Superior Religion
Female
English
(Hebrew ×¢Ö¶×“Ö°× Ö¸×”): Anglicized form of Irish Gaelic Eithne, EDNA means "kernel." Hebrew name meaning "delight, pleasure, rejuvenation." In the apocryphal Book of Tobit, this is the name of the mother of Sarah.Â
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Seeker
Girl/Female
Irish
Girl/Female
Indian, Sanskrit
Desirable; Endearing
Boy/Male
Tamil
Husband of Saraswati
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Immortal Light
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : habitational name from any of various places, as far apart as Essex, Wiltshire, Cornwall, Northamptonshire, Cheshire, and Roxburghshire, named with Old English wudu ‘wood’ + ford ‘ford’.Thomas Woodford emigrated from Lincolnshire, England, to NY in 1690.
FUNCTIONAL EXTINCTION
FUNCTIONAL EXTINCTION
FUNCTIONAL EXTINCTION
FUNCTIONAL EXTINCTION
FUNCTIONAL EXTINCTION
n.
The appropriate action of any special organ or part of an animal or vegetable organism; as, the function of the heart or the limbs; the function of leaves, sap, roots, etc.; life is the sum of the functions of the various organs and parts of the body.
a.
Relating to friction; moved by friction; produced by friction; as, frictional electricity.
a.
Capable of, or pertaining to, flection or inflection.
n.
A quantity so connected with another quantity, that if any alteration be made in the latter there will be a consequent alteration in the former. Each quantity is said to be a function of the other. Thus, the circumference of a circle is a function of the diameter. If x be a symbol to which different numerical values can be assigned, such expressions as x2, 3x, Log. x, and Sin. x, are all functions of x.
a.
Pertaining to, or connected with, a function or duty; official.
v. t.
To supply with an organ or organs having a special function or functions.
n.
Paper fractional currency.
adv.
In a functional manner; as regards normal or appropriate activity.
n.
A derived function; a function obtained from a given function by a certain algebraic process.
a.
Fractional.
n.
One charged with the performance of a function or office; as, a public functionary; secular functionaries.
n.
An angle upon which the value of some function depends; -- a term used more especially in connection with elliptic functions.
a.
Relatively small; inconsiderable; insignificant; as, a fractional part of the population.
v. i.
Alt. of Functionate
a.
Of or pertaining to fractions or a fraction; constituting a fraction; as, fractional numbers.
a.
Pertaining to the function of an organ or part, or to the functions in general.
pl.
of Functionary
a.
Pertaining to, or characterized by, fiction; fictitious; romantic.
n.
The office, duties, or functions of a minister, servant, or agent; ecclesiastical, executive, or ambassadorial function or profession.
v. i.
To execute or perform a function; to transact one's regular or appointed business.