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Chinese internet regulations
The Great Firewall (GFW; Chinese: 防火长城; pinyin: Fánghuǒ Chángchéng) is the combination of legislative actions and technologies enforced by the People's
Great_Firewall
Chinese internet censorship and monitoring project
though not officially claimed, to operate a subproject called the Great Firewall of China (GFW) which is a censorship and surveillance project that blocks
Golden_Shield_Project
the Great Firewall of Australia, Rabbit Proof Firewall (a reference to the Australian Rabbit-proof fence), Firewall Australia or Great Firewall Reef
Internet censorship in Australia
Internet_censorship_in_Australia
as a "pornwall", "porn filter", "Hadrian's Firewall", "Great Firewall of Britain" and the "Great Firewall of Cameron". However the programmes are usually
Web blocking in the United Kingdom
Web_blocking_in_the_United_Kingdom
Series of fortifications in northern China
the Great Wall Dingo Fence Famine walls in Ireland & Scotland First transcontinental railroad Gates of Alexander Grand Canal (China) Great Firewall of
Great_Wall_of_China
Organization monitoring status of websites censored in China
GreatFire (GreatFire.org) is a website that monitors the status of websites censored by the Great Firewall of China and helps Chinese Internet users circumvent
GreatFire
Internet censorship in China List of websites blocked in Russia "The great firewall of China: Xi Jinping's internet shutdown". the Guardian. 29 June 2018
List of websites blocked in mainland China
List_of_websites_blocked_in_mainland_China
websites, apps, and video games, inspiring the policy's nickname, the Great Firewall, which blocks websites. Methods used to block websites and pages include
Internet_censorship_in_China
Mobile proxy client
Launch Technology Limited, which is typically used to circumvent the Great Firewall of China. Due to its icon, it is nicknamed Xiaohuojian (小火箭; 'little
Shadowrocket
File-sharing site for journal articles, books, and magazines
block an additional 98 domains. The site is targeted and blocked by the Great Firewall. In April 2024, Z-Library announced that their Chinese social media
Z-Library
Protocol to run DNS queries over HTTPS
iYouPort, the University of Maryland, and the Great Firewall Report, reported that the Great Firewall (GFW) by the Chinese government blocks TLS connections
DNS_over_HTTPS
Chinese computer scientist
become known as the Great Firewall, and thus, he has been dubbed "Father of China's Great Firewall". Fang has defended the Great Firewall in the media, stating
Fang_Binxing
Large-scale intranet maintained by a nation-state as a substitute for the Internet
selective blocking of foreign internet content, a system termed the Great Firewall, combined with censorship of content posted from within its borders
National_intranet
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up firewall in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Firewall may refer to: Firewall (computing), a technological barrier designed to prevent unauthorized
Firewall
Content delivery network
the content delivery network, as other providers are affected by the Great Firewall. jsDelivr is primarily sponsored by Cloudflare, Fastly, NS1, DigitalOcean
JSDelivr
Freeware Internet censorship circumvention product
software was designed as a means of allowing internet users to bypass the Great Firewall of China. In 2011, UltraReach claimed to have as many as 11 million
Ultrasurf
users must register by their real name. For foreign websites, the "Great Firewall" prevents Chinese citizens from accessing particular websites with sensitive
Censorship_in_China
Internet software utility
of proxy servers called Dynaweb. This allows users to bypass Internet firewalls that block web sites by using DIT's Peer-to-peer (P2P)-like proxy network
Freegate
Topics referred to by the same term
"The Great Wall of China", a 1993 song by Billy Joel from River of Dreams Great Wall Marathon, a marathon held by and on the Great Wall Great Firewall of
Great_Wall_(disambiguation)
Legal control of the internet
Wikipedia:Advice to users using Tor to bypass the Great Firewall Tom Espiner (4 July 2006). "Academics break the Great Firewall of China". ZDNet. Archived from the
Internet_censorship
Canadian pornographic video-sharing website
pornography on US television. September 2013: the website was blocked by the Great Firewall in China. 12 March 2014: Pornhub was blocked in Russia because one actress
Pornhub
2020 online controversy
The incident started when the internet censorship system known as the Great Firewall of China blocked the fan fiction publishing platform Archive of Our
Xiao_Zhan_incident
New religious movement from China
original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 2 January 2024. "Cracking the 'Great Firewall' of China's Web censorship". USA Today. 4 February 2011. Archived from
Falun_Gong
Chinese government cyberweapon attack tool
to disrupt their operations. While it is co-located with the Great Firewall, the Great Cannon is "a separate offensive system, with different capabilities
Great_Cannon
researchers attributed the attack to the Great Cannon, a traffic-injection system co-located with the Great Firewall. According to their analysis, the system
Censorship_of_GitHub
caused local users to shift to domestic services, mirroring China's Great Firewall ecosystem. This developing "IT curtain" is viewed as a new Iron Curtain
Internet_censorship_in_Russia
2012, according to Qianlong Network, Qihoo 360 joined China's GFW (Great Firewall) project in 2005. Qihoo 360's two executives, Qi Xiangdong and Shi Xiaohong
Criticism_of_Qihoo_360
New Zealand diplomat and former Facebook director
Communist Party to spec and build censorship tools that worked with China's Great Firewall, and insights into Mark Zuckerberg's attitudes around international
Sarah_Wynn-Williams
Decentralized social networking protocol
China. However, some Chinese NOSTR users have used VPNs to bypass the Great Firewall of China. Other NOSTR social media clients include Primal on IOS, Amethyst
Nostr
Methods to bypass internet censorship
that develop and deploy anti-censorship technologies. Bypassing the Great Firewall of China Internet freedom Internet privacy Mesh networking Open Technology
Internet censorship circumvention
Internet_censorship_circumvention
blocked or throttled online platforms, or use national intranet like the Great Firewall in China, shut down internet access, and restricted VPN usage. Before
Online age verification laws by country
Online_age_verification_laws_by_country
film studio found in violation may have its license revoked. The term Great Firewall of China was coined in 1997 by Geremie Barmé to describe the combination
Pornography_in_China
Free and open-source anonymity network based on onion routing
its onion services for whistleblowers, and its circumvention of the Great Firewall of China were touted. Tor's executive director, Andrew Lewman, also
Tor_(network)
American social media platform
consistent with Chinese government efforts to use website blocks and the "Great Firewall" as an industrial policy tool to promote Chinese tech companies (e.g
Free and open-source encrypted proxy project
on top of traffic encryption. Free and open-source software portal Great Firewall Internet censorship in China Outline VPN "发一个自用了一年多的翻墙工具 shadowsocks"
Shadowsocks
American actor (born 1970)
desk at Pierpoint. The show's creators stated that Leung is "one of the great actors of his generation, 100%...He’s out of this world.” In 2024, he played
Ken_Leung
censored by the CCP, with numerous foreign websites blocked by the Great Firewall. China has one of the lowest cross-border internet traffic rates in
Internet_in_China
Mirrored website of Google Search
Google Search, which allowed users from Mainland China to bypass the Great Firewall. The first usage of the term comes from a Google mirror site created
ElgooG
Four biggest tech firms in China
Facebook, Netflix, and the like were denied access into China from the Great Firewall due to their refusal to follow local data laws, while others, such as
BATX
Blogging platform owned and hosted online by Automattic
the company's blog, August 19, 2007 "AFP: Blogging guru chips away at Great Firewall of China". Google.com. Archived from the original on June 1, 2009. Retrieved
WordPress.com
the Great Firewall of China. The Great Firewall prevents Chinese citizens from accessing foreign websites. Users seeking to circumvent the firewall might
Mass_media_in_China
Extension of a private network across a public one
low single digits. It also estimated that foreign apps blocked by the Great Firewall have extremely low traffic, particularly compared to domestic apps;
Virtual_private_network
South African architect
Modern Art, New York. 1 March 2008. ISBN 9780870707322. "Jumping the Great Firewall - urbanNext". urbanNext. Retrieved 29 February 2016. Spatial Information
Laura_Kurgan
Special administrative region of China
Internet is not subject to mainland Chinese regulations, including the Great Firewall, but local internet censorship applies. Hong Kong finds mention in various
Hong_Kong
Leader of China from 1989 to 2002
maintain tighter control over the internet in what became known as the Great Firewall. In June 1999, Jiang established an extralegal department, the 610 Office
Jiang_Zemin
1989 destruction of the Berlin Wall
Twitter Wall after internet users in China began using it to protest the Great Firewall. In the United States, the German Embassy coordinated a public diplomacy
Fall_of_the_Berlin_Wall
years and label LGBT advocacy as a product of "foreign forces." The Great Firewall blocks over 311,000 domains, and frequently takes down social media
LGBTQ_rights_in_China
Type of computer security exploit
technique can be used by a firewall or abused by a malicious attacker to interrupt Internet connections. As of 2025, the Great Firewall of China, Iranian Internet
TCP_reset_attack
Internet censorship and restrictions in Russia
gradually restricting freedoms and bringing Russia closer to China's “Great Firewall” model. According to statements by Access Now and other organizations
Wartime internet restrictions in Russia (2025–present)
Wartime_internet_restrictions_in_Russia_(2025–present)
Meta Platforms social networking service
Retrieved July 9, 2023. "Meta's Threads tops China's App Store despite Great Firewall ban". South China Morning Post. July 7, 2023. Archived from the original
Threads_(social_network)
News broadcaster and publisher in Asia
China's 'great firewall' for outage". CNN. Archived from the original on April 3, 2010. Retrieved March 30, 2010. "Google says China's "great firewall" blocked
Radio_Free_Asia
Country in East Asia
population. The PRC has an extensive system of internet censorship. The Great Firewall, a system of internet controls and regulations, blocks access to many
China
HTTP extension supporting TLS encryption
blocking technologies IP address blocking DNS cache poisoning Wordfilter Great Firewall of China Blocks on specific websites Facebook GitHub Twitter Wikipedia
HTTPS
Chinese hip hop group
2017). "Meet the Higher Brothers, the Rap Group Climbing Over the Great Firewall of China". PAPER. Archived from the original on September 13, 2017.
Higher_Brothers
all versions of Wikipedia are blocked in mainland China under the Great Firewall. The Chinese Wikipedia was launched in May 2001. Wikipedia received
Censorship_of_Wikipedia
efforts to assert control in the digital sphere. The emergence of the "Great Firewall of China" during this era imposed restrictions on access to foreign
Music_censorship_in_China
American business news organization
its app removed by Apple from its Chinese App Store, as part of the Great Firewall, for reporting on the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests. Revenue fell from
Quartz_(publication)
citizens' access to many foreign websites and mobile apps using the "Great Firewall". At the same time, a large number of "50 Cent Party" members have been
History of the People's Republic of China
History_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China
Online communication software
before dying by suicide on 4 October 2024. Discord is blocked by the Great Firewall in China. Chinese police interrogate people who make sensitive comments
Discord
TLS extension to serve multiple HTTPS sites
KeyShareEntry which was first defined in TLS 1.3. In August 2020, the Great Firewall of China started blocking ESNI traffic, while still allowing ECH traffic
Server_Name_Indication
Peer to peer web hosting
censorship, however, it is still possible to access ZeroNet from behind the Great Firewall of China, even over Tor, by bootstrapping over Meek, and connecting
ZeroNet
Proxy server designed to bypass internet censorship
blocking technologies IP address blocking DNS cache poisoning Wordfilter Great Firewall of China Blocks on specific websites Facebook GitHub Twitter Wikipedia
V2Ray
Characterization of the Internet as splintering and dividing
geographic and commercial boundaries. The Chinese government erected the "Great Firewall" for political reasons, and Russia has enacted the Sovereign Internet
Splinternet
Chinese Internet technology company
10 November 2025. "China's internet censorship goes far beyond the Great Firewall". South China Morning Post. 16 October 2020. Archived from the original
NetEase
products. Notably, the most extensive censorship occurs under the "Great Firewall" in China, but a number of other countries – including Iran, North Korea
Censorship_of_Google
Internet censorship circumvention software
4 January 2018. "US-funded Lantern program allows Chinese to dodge Great Firewall and view banned websites". South China Morning Post. 4 December 2013
Lantern_(software)
Procedures examining network data
Retrieved 2008-03-13. Ben Elgin; Bruce Einhorn (2006-01-12). "The Great Firewall of China". Business Week. Archived from the original on 2008-02-28.
Deep_packet_inspection
Anglosphere intelligence alliance
intelligence agencies) Leaks Diplomatic cable leaks NSA leaks CIA leaks Great Firewall of China Mass surveillance in China Law enforcement Interpol Security
Five_Eyes
India's domestic intelligence agency
intelligence agencies) Leaks Diplomatic cable leaks NSA leaks CIA leaks Great Firewall of China Mass surveillance in China Law enforcement Interpol Security
Intelligence_Bureau_(India)
2022 protests following COVID-19 lockdowns in China
censored by state media and led to a widespread crackdown behind the Great Firewall. Further small-scale protests inspired by the Sitong Bridge incident
2022 COVID-19 protests in China
2022_COVID-19_protests_in_China
Authentication scheme
external authentication, and other social media lessons from China's Great Firewall". Tech in Asia. Archived from the original on March 26, 2014. Retrieved
Single_sign-on
during the 2019 Iranian protests. The NIN works in a way similar to the Great Firewall of China, but with more strict monitoring. In 2006 and 2010, the activist
Internet_censorship_in_Iran
Central Internet regulator in China
Retrieved July 24, 2022. Cheung, Jennifer (14 July 2015). "China's 'great firewall' just got taller". openDemocracy. Archived from the original on 6 September
Cyberspace Administration of China
Cyberspace_Administration_of_China
Civilian intelligence agency of China
produced some of the country's most pervasive diplomatic rhetoric including "great changes unseen in a century" and "China's peaceful rise." Estimates of the
Ministry of State Security (China)
Ministry_of_State_Security_(China)
[Released on Bail Pending Trial After Helping Others Circumvent the Great Firewall: The Story of a Chinese Student in South Korea]. Radio Free Asia. Archived
Mainland Chinese students in Taiwan
Mainland_Chinese_students_in_Taiwan
State-owned long-distance data transmission company
divide Electronics industry ICP license Internet Internet censorship Great Firewall Golden Shield Project Internet real-name system National online identity
China Telecommunications Corporation
China_Telecommunications_Corporation
Chinese Internet forum
overseas Chinese people and Chinese netizens who have circumvented the Great Firewall. The "old Pincong" was founded in 2017, but closed down on 30 October
Pincong
Chinese fiction genre depicting same-sex relationships
as obscenity. Since 1998, when the Chinese Communist Party began the Great Firewall project, Internet users in China have been at least partially blocked
Danmei
Foreign intelligence agency of Pakistan
Afghanistan: Messianic Terrorism, Tribal Conflicts, and the Failures of Great Powers. Public Affairs Press. pp. 405–408. ISBN 978-1-58648-763-8. Archived
Inter-Services_Intelligence
Technique for Internet censorship circumvention
service in Russia. Telex was affected. GreatFire, a non-profit that assists users in circumventing the Great Firewall, used domain fronting at one point.
Domain_fronting
Chinese global infrastructure project
China's system of mass surveillance and censorship technology of the Great Firewall to multiple countries. In a 2024 literature review, academics Christopher
Belt_and_Road_Initiative
U.S. DoD combat support agency
intelligence agencies) Leaks Diplomatic cable leaks NSA leaks CIA leaks Great Firewall of China Mass surveillance in China Law enforcement Interpol Security
Defense_Intelligence_Agency
Free and open-source internet circumvention tool
censorship OpenNet Initiative The Six/Four System Software jumps China's firewall for news from Tibet BBC: Web censorship 'bypass' unveiled Canadian software
Psiphon
Free and open-source Shadowsocks deployment tool
blocking technologies IP address blocking DNS cache poisoning Wordfilter Great Firewall of China Blocks on specific websites Facebook GitHub Twitter Wikipedia
Outline_VPN
Israel's internal security service
intelligence agencies) Leaks Diplomatic cable leaks NSA leaks CIA leaks Great Firewall of China Mass surveillance in China Law enforcement Interpol Security
Shin_Bet
Configuration file for computer networking
the Web-site directly, without using a proxy. The latter may fail if firewalls, or other intermediary network devices, reject requests from sources other
Proxy_auto-config
Website set up to circumvent censorship on Weibo
that has been censored and deleted by Chinese authorities under the Great Firewall. The home page is constantly updated to show the latest most-censored
FreeWeibo
Politically sensitive topics in China
2025-08-06. Watts, Jonathan (2006-01-25). "Backlash as Google shores up great firewall of China". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original
The_Three_Ts
Military forces of the Philippines
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) of 1982, are of great importance to the Philippines in supporting maritime security in particular;
Armed Forces of the Philippines
Armed_Forces_of_the_Philippines
2002 agreement on censorship
Republic of China Great Firewall of China List of websites blocked in China Einhorn and Ben Elgin, Bruce (23 January 2006). "The Great Firewall Of China". Businessweek
Public Pledge on Self-Discipline for the Chinese Internet Industry
Public_Pledge_on_Self-Discipline_for_the_Chinese_Internet_Industry
Russian cybersecurity company
developed by Chinese censorship monitoring website GreatFire to enforce the Communist Party's Great Firewall. Builov, Maxim; Isakova, Tatyana; Sherunkova,
Group-IB
Ancient Chinese set of poisonous or otherwise hazardous animals
2021-09-28. Retrieved 2021-09-28. Callick, Rowan (March 11, 2007). "China's great firewall". The Australian. Archived from the original on September 28, 2021.
Five_Poisons
Web browser developed by Baidu
2011. Retrieved 2020-12-28. "Browsers helping netizens hop China's Great Firewall could be here to stay". South China Morning Post. 2020-10-23. Archived
Baidu_Browser
annual sessions every spring, usually lasting from 10 to 14 days, in the Great Hall of the People on the west side of Tiananmen Square, Beijing. These
Politics_of_China
Chinese multinational technology company
the extradition judge questioned the regularity of the case and expressed great difficulty in understanding how the Record of Case (ROC) presented by the
Huawei
Season of television series
shooting. McVeigh proposes to Diane, but she turns him down. 39 16 "Great Firewall" Nelson McCormick Leonard Dick March 1, 2011 (2011-03-01) 11.38 LGB
The_Good_Wife_season_2
Chinese subsidiary of Google
search engine, most services offered by Google China were blocked by the Great Firewall in the People's Republic of China. In 2010, searching via all Google
Google_China
US surveillance industry research group
been critical of the company, blocking the company's website within Great Firewall, while the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China
IPVM
Internet meme satirizing Xi Jinping
pun on the homophone) migrated to social media platforms outside the Great Firewall, such as YouTube, Twitter (now X), Telegram, and Reddit. Media outlets
Rubao_culture
Web search engine developed by Microsoft
Ryan (March 7, 2024). "How Microsoft's Bing Helps Maintain Beijing's Great Firewall". Bloomberg Businessweek. Bloomberg L.P. Archived from the original
Microsoft_Bing
GREAT FIREWALL
GREAT FIREWALL
Female
Danish
, pearl.
Surname or Lastname
Americanized form of Dutch De Groot or German Gross.English
Americanized form of Dutch De Groot or German Gross.English : variant of Greet, a nickname from Old English grēat ‘big’, ‘stout’, a habitational name from Greet in Gloucestershire or Greete in Shropshire, both named from an Old English grēote ‘gravelly place’, or a topographic name with the same meaning.
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Indian, Latin, Scandinavian, Swedish
Form of Margaret; Child of Light; A Pearl
Female
Dutch
, pearl.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Great
Girl/Female
Greek American German Persian Scandinavian Swedish
Pearl.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Great
Boy/Male
Tamil
Nand Kumar | நஂத கà¯à®®à®¾à®°Â
Great
Nand Kumar | நஂத கà¯à®®à®¾à®°Â
Girl/Female
Indian
Great
Boy/Male
Hindu
Great
Girl/Female
Muslim
Great
Boy/Male
Tamil
Great
Boy/Male
Hindu
Great
Girl/Female
Tamil
Great
Girl/Female
Muslim
Great
Girl/Female
Tamil
Great
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Great Worrier; Great Chivalric
Boy/Male
Tamil
Great
Female
English
Short form of Danish/Swedish Margareta, GRETA means "pearl."
Girl/Female
Indian
Great
GREAT FIREWALL
GREAT FIREWALL
Boy/Male
Arabic
Suppleness; Generosity
Boy/Male
Tamil
Water
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Masterful Teacher
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Practical; Patient
Boy/Male
Muslim
Best friend of the faith
Boy/Male
Arabic
Lamp; Light
Girl/Female
Indian
Warm
Boy/Male
German, Swedish
Lord
Girl/Female
Hindu
Divine beauty
Female
English
Pet form of English Milicent, MILLIE means "strong worker."
GREAT FIREWALL
GREAT FIREWALL
GREAT FIREWALL
GREAT FIREWALL
GREAT FIREWALL
superl.
Large in number; numerous; as, a great company, multitude, series, etc.
superl.
Endowed with extraordinary powers; uncommonly gifted; able to accomplish vast results; strong; powerful; mighty; noble; as, a great hero, scholar, genius, philosopher, etc.
superl.
Older, younger, or more remote, by single generation; -- often used before grand to indicate one degree more remote in the direct line of descent; as, great-grandfather (a grandfather's or a grandmother's father), great-grandson, etc.
a.
Having a great belly; bigbellied; pregnant; teeming.
superl.
Holding a chief position; elevated: lofty: eminent; distingushed; foremost; principal; as, great men; the great seal; the great marshal, etc.
superl.
Large in space; of much size; big; immense; enormous; expanded; -- opposed to small and little; as, a great house, ship, farm, plain, distance, length.
v. t.
To entertain with food or drink, especially the latter, as a compliment, or as an expression of friendship or regard; as, to treat the whole company.
v. i.
To negotiate; to come to terms of accommodation; -- often followed by with; as, envoys were appointed to treat with France.
a.
Great.
a.
Great as a man's arm.
v. t.
To subject to some action; to apply something to; as, to treat a substance with sulphuric acid.
v. t.
To handle; to manage; to use; to bear one's self toward; as, to treat prisoners cruelly; to treat children kindly.
n.
That which affords entertainment; a gratification; a satisfaction; as, the concert was a rich treat.
superl.
Long continued; lengthened in duration; prolonged in time; as, a great while; a great interval.
v. i.
See Greet, to weep.
superl.
Entitled to earnest consideration; weighty; important; as, a great argument, truth, or principle.
n.
The whole; the gross; as, a contract to build a ship by the great.
v. t.
To discourse on; to handle in a particular manner, in writing or speaking; as, to treat a subject diffusely.
v. t.
To care for medicinally or surgically; to manage in the use of remedies or appliances; as, to treat a disease, a wound, or a patient.
superl.
More than ordinary in degree; very considerable in degree; as, to use great caution; to be in great pain.