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Encoding methods for representing data on magnetic media
In computer science, group coded recording or group code recording (GCR) refers to several distinct but related encoding methods for representing data
Group_coded_recording
Line code used in early magnetic data storage and Ethernet
introduction of 6250 bpi tapes, which used the more efficient group-coded recording. Manchester code was used in early Ethernet physical layer standards and is
Manchester_code
of G {\displaystyle G} . Group coded recording (GCR) Watkinson, John (1990). "3.4. Group codes". Coding for Digital Recording. Stoneham, MA, USA: Focal
Group_code
stamped with the Apple logo. Steve Wozniak developed a recording scheme known as Group Coded Recording which allowed 140 kB of storage, well above the standard
History_of_the_floppy_disk
Removable disk storage medium
to the disk controller and its lack of support for Apple's GCR (Group Coded Recording) encoding used on 400 kB and 800 kB Macintosh disks. 8 in (200 mm)
Floppy_disk
drives used with the later two machines. The standard Commodore Group Coded Recording (GCR) scheme used in 1541 and compatibles employed four different
Floppy_disk_variants
Magnetic tape format introduced by IBM in 1964
Various recording methods have been employed during its lifetime as tape speed and data density increased, including PE (phase encoding), GCR (group-coded recording)
9-track_tape
Floppy disk drive for the Commodore 64
the Commodore 1540 (meant for the VIC-20). The disk drive uses group coded recording (GCR) and contains a MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor, doubling
Commodore_1541
Storage density for magnetic disks
improved line code, such as modified frequency modulation (MFM), modified modified frequency modulation (M²FM), FM/MFM or group coded recording (GCR). SD
Disk_density
Reliable digital data delivery methods on unreliable channels
magnetic tape data storage in 1951. The optimal rectangular code used in group coded recording tapes not only detects but also corrects single-bit errors
Error detection and correction
Error_detection_and_correction
tracks per side. Data is encoded using Commodore's proprietary group coded recording scheme. Soft sectoring is used for track alignment. Like most other
Commodore_8050
Personal computer manufacturer
rotational speed, was approximately constant. This, combined with group-coded recording (GCR), allowed standard floppy disks to hold more data than others
Sirius_Systems_Technology
Early personal computer by Durango Systems Corporation
Durango "Poppy"; MS-DOS was selected as the entry operating system. Group coded recording The product flyer for the Durango 800 series documents a formatted
Durango_F-85
American engineer and programmer (born 1950)
portal Apple IIGS (limited edition case molded with Woz's signature) Group coded recording (encoding methods for representing data) Hackers: Heroes of the
Steve_Wozniak
Floppy disk or optical disk drive made by Apple
compatibility with Apple's variable-speed zoned CAV scheme and group coded recording encoding format, so it could continue to read Macintosh MFS, HFS
SuperDrive
Telecommunications coding technique
rate. Synchronized NRZI (SNRZI) and group-coded recording (GCR) are modified forms of NRZI. In SNRZI-M each 8-bit group is extended to 9 bits by a 1 in order
Non-return-to-zero
Topics referred to by the same term
gray ink in color printing Group coded recording, a technique for encoding digital data on magnetic tape or disk GCR, ICAO code for Tianjin Airlines, China
GCR
extra header byte is what causes this write incompatibility. The Group Coded Recording (GCR) scheme of binary encoding is used to store data on the magnetic
Commodore_4040
Floppy drive by Apple
2MB diskettes for use in a FileWare drive. The disk format uses group coded recording (GCR) in a manner very similar to that of the Disk II. The drive
Apple_FileWare
Legislations regarding telephone calls
Telephone call recording laws are legislation enacted in many jurisdictions, such as countries, states, provinces, that regulate the practice of telephone
Telephone_call_recording_laws
Floppy disk drive
previous Commodore drives. Earlier Commodore drives used a custom group coded recording format that stored 170 kB per side of a disk. This made it fairly
Commodore_1571
American electrical engineer (1937–2019)
incorrect spelling of Commodore cofounder Jack Tramiel as 'Trammel'). Group coded recording Metz, Cade (December 24, 2019). "Chuck Peddle Dies at 82; His $25
Chuck_Peddle
Data storage device
Retrieved 2012-01-31. "Hard-disk-drive technology flat heads for linear tape recording". Archived from the original on February 16, 2008. Retrieved 2012-01-31
Tape_drive
Shugart SA-800s. All of the models in the 8060 series use Commodore group coded recording (GCR) for disk reading and writing; the later 8061 and 8062 models
Commodore_8060
storage vendor. Its assets were sold in 2000 to Bell Microproducts. Group Coded Recording (GCR) "Micropolis - MetaFloppy. Beyond the floppy" (PDF). Canoga
Micropolis_Corporation
for Java GCM—Galois/Counter Mode GCP—Google Cloud Platform GCR—Group Coded Recording GDB—GNU Debugger GDI—Graphics Device Interface GDPR—General Data
List of computing and IT abbreviations
List_of_computing_and_IT_abbreviations
bound GOST (hash function) Group coded recording HAS-160 HAS-V HAVAL Hadamard code Hagelbarger code Hamming bound Hamming code Hamming(7,4) Hamming distance
List of algebraic coding theory topics
List_of_algebraic_coding_theory_topics
Line code used in early magnetic data storage
be omitted: Data: 1 0 0 0 0 1 Normal: 0 1 0 1 0 Sync: 0 1 1 1 0 Group coded recording (GCR) Kees Schouhamer Immink (December 1990). "Runlength-Limited
Modified_frequency_modulation
Coding technique in communication technology
improved to 4/5. This is the original IBM group coded recording variant. Where possible (11 out of 16 codes), the bit pattern abcd is encoded by prefixing
Run-length_limited
Four-bit unit of binary data
four bits. On the Apple II, much of the disk drive control and group coded recording was implemented in software, and writing data to a disk was done
Nibble
Data copying software
the low-level data encoding format used by the disk system, being Group Coded Recording (GCR - Apple, Commodore), Frequency Modulation (FM - Atari), or
Bit_nibbler
Single-chip version of the floppy disk controller for the Apple II
floppy disk — something standard at that time, Wozniak utilized group-coded recording (GCR), and with 5-and-3 encoding he managed to squeeze as many as
Integrated_Woz_Machine
Floppy disk drive for the Commodore C-16 and Plus/4
file system makes each block its own cluster. The disk drive uses group coded recording and contains an MOS Technology 6510T processor as a disk controller
Commodore_1551
Telecommunications line code
4-to-5-bit codes have been used for magnetic recording and are known as group coded recording (GCR), but those are (0,2) run-length limited codes, with at
4B5B
External floppy disk drive by Apple
giving 360 KB per disk. However, Apple's custom interface uses Group Coded Recording (GCR) and a unique format which puts fewer sectors on the smaller
Macintosh_External_Disk_Drive
Floppy disk drive for the Apple II computer
controller with 10 sector per track storage, but realized that Group Coded Recording could fit 13 sectors per track. Wozniak called the resultant Disk
Disk_II
by the Recording Industry Association of Japan. Number-one song on Japan's Oricon Singles Chart. Since Son-yoona's departure from the group in 2018,
List of South Korean girl groups
List_of_South_Korean_girl_groups
Recording of multiple sources to create a whole
Multitrack recording (MTR), also known as multitracking, is a method of sound recording developed in 1955 that allows for the separate recording of multiple
Multitrack_recording
South Korean girl group
In 2012, Ladies' Code started recording their debut album. On February 20, 2013, Sojung confirmed that she would join a new girl group being formed by
Ladies'_Code
are not included in the ISO standard. "ISO 639:2023 Code for individual languages and language groups". International Organization for Standardization.
List of ISO 639 language codes
List_of_ISO_639_language_codes
A list of publisher codes for (978) International Standard Book Numbers with a group code of zero. The group-0 publisher codes are assigned as follows:
List of group-0 ISBN publisher codes
List_of_group-0_ISBN_publisher_codes
Widely used standard for video compression
remains unchanged throughout a coded video sequence, and an active picture parameter set remains unchanged within a coded picture. The sequence and picture
Advanced_Video_Coding
American girl group
702 began recording their first album. During the recording of the album, Bivins dismissed Orish Grinstead and Amelia Cruz from the group because of
702_(group)
However, instead of 500k group code recording (GCR) format used by other Commodore drives, it uses MFM as its native disk recording format, the only 8-bit
Commodore_8280
Electronic moving image
Video is an electronic medium used for the recording, copying, playback, transmission, and display of moving visual images and pictures, with or without
Video
Video compression format, succeeds MPEG-1
basic types of coded frames: intra-coded frames (I-frames), predictive-coded frames (P-frames), and bidirectionally-predictive-coded frames (B-frames)
H.262/MPEG-2_Part_2
List of sound recordings preserved in the U.S. Library of Congress
The National Recording Registry is a list of sound recordings that "are culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant, and inform or reflect life
National_Recording_Registry
Digital representation of sampled analog signals
differential PCM coding of speech," Bell Syst. Tech. J., vol. 52, pp. 1105–1118, Sept. 1973. Thomas Fine (2008). "The dawn of commercial digital recording" (PDF)
Pulse-code_modulation
Audio or video represented as a stream of discrete numbers
In digital recording, an audio or video signal is converted into a stream of discrete numbers representing the changes over time in air pressure for audio
Digital_recording
Transmission of language with brief pulses
listening to the archived recordings available at its website. As of 2015,[update] the United States military taught Morse code as an 81 day self-paced
Morse_code
2017 single by Måneskin
the group was coached by Manuel Agnelli. A studio version of the song later appeared on their debut extended play Chosen, released in 2017. Recording sessions
Beggin'_(Måneskin_recording)
Exclusive rights in sound recordings
A sound recording copyright is the copyright in a recorded fixation of sounds, as distinct from the underlying musical, literary (text-based), or dramatic
Sound_recording_copyright
2018 compilation album by Napalm Death
Coded Smears and More Uncommon Slurs is a compilation album by British grindcore band Napalm Death, released on 30 March 2018 through Century Media. It
Coded Smears and More Uncommon Slurs
Coded_Smears_and_More_Uncommon_Slurs
Shortwave radio stations broadcasting only numbers
"Lincolnshire Poacher" Recording of the E03 "Lincolnshire Poacher" interval signal, followed by a coded transmission of five numbers: 0–2–5–8–8 Problems
Numbers_station
A girl group is a popular music act featuring several female singers who generally harmonize together. Girl groups have been popular at least since the
List of best-selling girl groups
List_of_best-selling_girl_groups
formerly the International Working Group on Taxonomic Databases. The system provides clear definitions and codes for recording plant distributions at four scales
List of codes used in the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions
List_of_codes_used_in_the_World_Geographical_Scheme_for_Recording_Plant_Distributions
Trade organization in the U.S.
The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) is a trade organization representing the United States recording industry. Its members include major
Recording Industry Association of America
Recording_Industry_Association_of_America
American multinational entertainment and record label conglomerate
is one of the "Big Three" recording companies and the third-largest in the global music industry, after Universal Music Group and Sony Music Entertainment
Warner_Music_Group
International Labour Organization standard for job names
descriptions or duty statements may be coded directly into ISCO-08 categories using official classification indexes. Pre-coded questions offer quick and cost-effective
International Standard Classification of Occupations
International_Standard_Classification_of_Occupations
Group of related team sports
world. The various codes of football share certain common elements and can be grouped into two main classes of football: carrying codes like American football
Football
1981 studio album by Hawkwind
of Death" (Dave Brock) – 5:42 "Living on a Knife Edge" (Brock) – 4:48 "Coded Languages" (Moorcock, Bainbridge) – 4:50 "Disintegration" (Brock) – 1:05
Sonic_Attack
American producer, songwriter, and musician (born 1987)
engineering, mixing, and mastering recordings for artists such as Lauryn Hill, Panic! at the Disco, Circa Survive, Code Orange, Anthony Green, Blacklisted
Will_Yip
Character encoding standard
National Standard for Information Systems — Coded Character Sets — 7-Bit American National Standard Code for Information Interchange (7-Bit ASCII), ANSI
ASCII
American performance art company
Miller Theater Feb 24 – Mar 1, 2026 In 1999, the group released Audio, their first studio recording. They performed Moby's song "Natural Blues" with Moby
Blue_Man_Group
Topics referred to by the same term
Was (born 1952), the stage name of bass guitarist, record producer, and recording executive Donald Fagenson W. A. Sibly (1882–1959), headmaster and vegetarianism
Was
Russian private military company
The Wagner Group (Russian: Частная военная компания «Вагнер», romanized: Chastnaya Voennaya Kompaniya "Vagner"), officially known as PMC Wagner (ЧВК «Вагнер»
Wagner_Group
American metalcore band
Beautiful Place & I Am No Longer Afraid to Die, and Self Defense Family. Recording for Code Orange Kids' (who would soon change their band name) second studio
Code_Orange_(band)
Organisation that represents the interests of the recording industry
Industry (IFPI) is the organisation that represents the interests of the recording industry worldwide. It is a non-profit members' organisation registered
International Federation of the Phonographic Industry
International_Federation_of_the_Phonographic_Industry
Open-source digital audio editor and recording software
Audacity is a free and open-source digital audio editor and recording application software, which is available for Windows, macOS, Linux, and other Unix-like
Audacity_(audio_editor)
Experimental rock band
more fleshed-out recordings. During the group's fake break-up in 1994, Singer and Turkington formed competing spin-off bands, the Zip Code Revue and The
Zip_Code_Rapists
Disc-shaped analog sound storage medium
7"-single ("Fragrance", "Holger on his first video recording", "Holger and Jaki"), a digital audio download code and a booklet. The CD version of the set (CDGRON180)
Phonograph_record
South Korean girl group
platinum certification for streaming from the Recording Industry Association of Japan. In 2025, the group released their second extended play We Go Up
Babymonster
the Cartoon Network television channel. The MoonScoop Group announced a sequel series titled Code Lyoko: Evolution that ran for one season and consisted
List_of_Code_Lyoko_episodes
1996 studio album by Pearl Jam
leg of the band's Vitalogy Tour, the band began work on No Code at the Chicago Recording Company studios in Chicago for a week in July 1995 during the
No_Code
South Korean girl group
RR: Aibeu; stylized in all caps) is a South Korean girl group formed by Starship Entertainment. The group is composed of six members: Gaeul, An Yu-jin, Rei
Ive_(group)
American rapper (born 2000)
2023 single "Area Codes", which went viral on the video-sharing platform TikTok before receiving platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association
Kaliii
Digital audio format
stage; however, that creates excess energy to be coded in the frequency domain, thereby decreasing coding efficiency. Decoding, on the other hand, is carefully
MP3
Men's association football team
first round of the 1976 African Cup of Nations after recording a draw and two losses in the group stage. Morocco went on to win the tournament. From 1978
DR Congo national football team
DR_Congo_national_football_team
Japanese financial services conglomerate
Financial Group, Inc. (株式会社三井住友フィナンシャルグループ), initialed as SMFG until 2018 and SMBC Group since, is a major Japanese multinational financial services group and
SMBC_Group
Icelandic trade association
distribution to performers of sound recordings and acts as the registration authority for the International Standard Recording Code (ISRC) in Iceland. FHF publishes
Félag_hljómplötuframleiðenda
Engineer involved in the recording, reproduction, or reinforcement of sound
audio engineer (also known as a sound engineer or recording engineer) helps to produce a recording or a live performance, balancing and adjusting sound
Audio_engineer
Biogeographical system
definitions and codes for recording plant distributions at four scales or levels, from "botanical continents" down to parts of large countries. The codes may be
World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions
World_Geographical_Scheme_for_Recording_Plant_Distributions
American disco group
answered the ad. The original recording lineup of 1977 was expanded and defined by the famous "classic" performing group in 1978. The six-man classic iconic
Village_People
2014 studio album by Code Orange
American hardcore punk band Code Orange and first to be released under this moniker after previously being referred to as "Code Orange Kids". The Kurt Ballou-produced
I_Am_King
American music executive (born 1971)
events. The first was when Roc-A-Fella Records was purchased by Def Jam Recordings (which had previously only owned half of the company) in 2004, after which
Damon_Dash
Topics referred to by the same term
intelligent design advocacy group Marabu (airline) (IATA code: DI), an Estonian leisure airline Norwegian Air UK (former IATA code: DI), a former UK airline
Di
Record label headquartered in the UK
London Recordings (or London Records and London Music Stream) is a British record label that marketed records in the United States, Canada, and Latin America
London_Recordings
Bootleg recording of a film
camcorder) is a bootleg recording of a film recorded in a movie theater. Generally unlike the more common DVD rip or screener recording methods which involve
Cam_(bootleg)
American pop rock band
Cheat Codes is an American electronic music DJ trio from Los Angeles, California. The group—consisting of KEVI (Kevin Ford / Prince$$ Rosie), Trevor Dahl
Cheat_Codes_(DJs)
2002 studio album by ...And You Will Know Us by the Trail of Dead
Records and began recording a follow-up to 1999's Madonna with the same producer, Mike McCarthy. Their major label budget improved recording quality and allowed
Source_Tags_&_Codes
Musical artist
Choice: Favorite Canadian Group 2003 - Best Rap Video - "Breathe" (ft. Nelly Furtado) 2003 - Outstanding Rap/Hip-Hop Recording (Monsters in the Closet)
Prevail_(rapper)
British vocal group
Singers were a British vocal group in the 1960s. Comprising four schoolmasters, they specialised in comedic recordings of mundane documents and announcements
The_Master_Singers
Australian music industry trade group
The Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) is a trade association representing the Australian recording industry which was established in the
Australian Recording Industry Association
Australian_Recording_Industry_Association
Retrieved 31 August 2014. [C2E] In 2000 the source code of Falcon 4.0 leaked out and after that groups of volunteers were able to make fixes and enhancements
List of commercial video games with available source code
List_of_commercial_video_games_with_available_source_code
2024 Canadian film by Jeff Chan
off a K9 and King himself until Pav finally manages to broadcast the recordings from King's personal K9, bringing justice for Pav's brother's death. Three
Code_8:_Part_II
Swedish rock band
Records all agreed that the group's next album should be released on a different label. Thus Ghost signed with Loma Vista Recordings in partnership with Republic
Ghost_(Swedish_band)
Babylonian legal text
end of his reign. Fragments of a second and possibly third stele recording the Code were found along with the Louvre stele at Susa. Over 50 manuscripts
Code_of_Hammurabi
Filipino girl group
a QR code leading to an image that read "Are you ready for the Biniverse?" The same month, their music label, Star Music, announced the group's premiere
Bini_(group)
an American musician, audio engineer, and music journalist, whose many recording projects have exerted an important influence on independent music since
Steve_Albini_discography
British musician, composer, record producer, recording engineer, and record label owner
(born February 1980) is a British musician, composer, record producer, recording engineer and record-label-owner from the north of England. He is best
Justin_Lockey
GROUP CODED-RECORDING
GROUP CODED-RECORDING
Male
English
Anglicized form of Hebrew Owded, ODED means "restorer." In the bible, this is the name of the father of Azariah, and the name of a prophet who lived in the time of King Ahaz.
Surname or Lastname
Scottish
Scottish : habitational name from a place in the parish of Gamrie, near Banff. The place is situated on a headland affording some sheltered anchorage, and is said to get its name from Middle English true hope; however, when first recorded in 1296 it already appears as Trup, so it is more likely to be of the same origin as Thorpe.English : variant of Throop.
Boy/Male
Indian
Group of people
Boy/Male
Irish American English
Helpful.
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, English, Irish
Cushion; Helpful
Girl/Female
Tamil
Code
Boy/Male
Arabic
Group; Army
Girl/Female
Hindu
Code
Boy/Male
Biblical Hebrew
To sustain, hold or lift up.
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, Australian, British, English, Irish
Cushion; Helpful; Pillow
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Rockstar
Boy/Male
Welsh
Dwells in the woods.
Girl/Female
Arabic
Soul; Group Leader
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for a maker of purses and bags, from Middle English cod ‘bag’.English : nickname for a man noted for his apparent sexual prowess, from cod(piece), in Tudor times the garment worn prominently over the male genitals.English : from Middle English cod, the fish (of uncertain origin, perhaps a transferred use of 1), applied as a metonymic occupational name for a fisherman or seller of these fish, or possibly as a nickname for someone thought to resemble the fish in some way.Irish : variant of Cody.Irish (County Wexford) : from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Cod.
Biblical
to sustain, hold or lift up
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for a dealer in coarse meal, Old English grūt, Old Norse grautr ‘porridge’.
Boy/Male
Indian, Kannada, Sanskrit
Group Leader
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Coad.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Group of people
Girl/Female
Arabic
Soul; Group Leader
GROUP CODED-RECORDING
GROUP CODED-RECORDING
Girl/Female
Indian, Sikh
God of Flowers
Female
Chinese
little compassionate one.
Boy/Male
Indian
Marksman
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of or patronymic from Whipp.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Pure Water
Boy/Male
Muslim
The Moon
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Traditional
Crest of Victory
Boy/Male
Hindu
Restrained
Girl/Female
French
Abbreviation of Elisabeth.
Girl/Female
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Queen of Hearts
GROUP CODED-RECORDING
GROUP CODED-RECORDING
GROUP CODED-RECORDING
GROUP CODED-RECORDING
GROUP CODED-RECORDING
n.
A number of eighth, sixteenth, etc., notes joined at the stems; -- sometimes rather indefinitely applied to any ornament made up of a few short notes.
a.
With hanging head; hence, dispirited; dejected; cowed.
a.
Relating to a codex, or a code.
n.
An inflammatory affection of the larynx or trachea, accompanied by a hoarse, ringing cough and stridulous, difficult breathing; esp., such an affection when associated with the development of a false membrane in the air passages (also called membranous croup). See False croup, under False, and Diphtheria.
n.
A codifier; a maker of codes.
imp. & p. p.
of Group
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Group
n.
Any system of rules or regulations relating to one subject; as, the medical code, a system of rules for the regulation of the professional conduct of physicians; the naval code, a system of rules for making communications at sea means of signals.
n.
A cluster, crowd, or throng; an assemblage, either of persons or things, collected without any regular form or arrangement; as, a group of men or of trees; a group of isles.
pl.
of Codex
a.
Striped or ribbed with cords; as, cloth with a corded surface.
n.
An assemblage of objects in a certain order or relation, or having some resemblance or common characteristic; as, groups of strata.
n.
A collection or digest of laws; a code.
n.
A variously limited assemblage of animals or plants, having some resemblance, or common characteristics in form or structure. The term has different uses, and may be made to include certain species of a genus, or a whole genus, or certain genera, or even several orders.
v. t.
To fill up or finish with grout, as the joints between stones.
n.
Arrangement in a group or in groups; grouping.
n.
To form a group of; to arrange or combine in a group or in groups, often with reference to mutual relation and the best effect; to form an assemblage of.
n.
Any comprehensive group of animals or plants including several subordinate related groups.