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Nonlinear optical process
Second-harmonic generation (SHG), also known as frequency doubling, is the lowest-order wave-wave nonlinear interaction that occurs in various systems
Second-harmonic_generation
Laser science process
High-harmonic generation (HHG) is a non-linear process during which a target (gas, plasma, solid or liquid sample) is illuminated by an intense laser
High_harmonic_generation
Nonlinear optical process
Harmonic generation (HG, also called multiple harmonic generation) is a nonlinear optical process in which n {\displaystyle n} photons with the same frequency
Harmonic_generation
Branch of physics
rise to a host of optical phenomena: Second-harmonic generation (SHG), or frequency doubling, generation of light with a doubled frequency (half the wavelength)
Nonlinear_optics
Surface second harmonic generation is a method for probing interfaces in atomic and molecular systems. In second harmonic generation (SHG), the light
Surface second harmonic generation
Surface_second_harmonic_generation
Nonlinear optical process
Half-harmonic generation (also called wavelength doubling or frequency halving) is a nonlinear optical process in which photons "split" to generate pairs
Half-harmonic_generation
Microscope imaging technique
Second-harmonic imaging microscopy (SHIM) is based on a nonlinear optical effect known as second-harmonic generation (SHG). SHIM has been established
Second-harmonic imaging microscopy
Second-harmonic_imaging_microscopy
Wave with frequency an integer multiple of the fundamental frequency
1st harmonic; the other harmonics are known as higher harmonics. As all harmonics are periodic at the fundamental frequency, the sum of harmonics is also
Harmonic
Nonlinear optical process
techniques such as sum frequency generation spectroscopy. A special case of sum-frequency generation is second-harmonic generation, in which ω 1 = ω 2 {\displaystyle
Sum-frequency_generation
Ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 10–121nm
naturally generated by the solar corona and artificially by plasma, high harmonic generation sources and synchrotron light sources. Since the ultraviolet C range
Extreme_ultraviolet
Form of radio interference
suppression. This gives rise to undesired interference, including the generation of harmonics or intermodulation. Rusty objects that should not be in the signal-path
Rusty_bolt_effect
French-Swedish Nobel laureate physicist (born 1958)
equation in order to understand the generation of high-order harmonics. They first predicted the shape of the high harmonics spectrum and the phase-matching
Anne_L'Huillier
Optical phenomenon
light (or other electromagnetic radiation) to higher frequencies via harmonic generation processes, in a way that the intensity of generated light depends
Hyper–Rayleigh_scattering
spectroscopy. With Walter Margulis, he discovered efficient second-harmonic generation in optical fibers, and his optical precursor studies are particular
Ulf_Lennart_Österberg
Sinusoidal wave whose frequency is an integer multiple
system, a harmonic of a voltage or current waveform is a sinusoidal wave whose frequency is an integer multiple of the fundamental frequency. Harmonic frequencies
Harmonics_(electrical_power)
Autocorrelation functions realized in optics
autocorrelation signal is generated by the nonlinear process of second-harmonic generation (SHG). Other techniques based on two-photon absorption may also be
Optical_autocorrelation
Spectroscopy with lasers with very short pulses
applications. High harmonic generation (HHG) is a nonlinear process where intense laser radiation is converted from one fixed frequency to high harmonics of that
Ultrafast_laser_spectroscopy
Nonlinear optical device
second-harmonic generation (SHG, also called frequency doubling), or sum-frequency generation which sums two non-similar frequencies. Direct third-harmonic generation
Optical_frequency_multiplier
Study of physics on quintillionth-second timescales
isolated-attosecond light pulses (generated by the non-linear process of high harmonic generation in a noble gas) (2004, 2006), which have given birth to the field
Attosecond_physics
Electrical resistance attributed to contacting interfaces
probe force microscopy (KFM) and the electric-field induced second harmonic generation. In the semiconductor industry, Cross-Bridge Kelvin Resistor(CBKR)
Contact_resistance
to impose, however it is useful for certain cases like in second harmonic generation (SHG). Here, it is always possible to permute the last two indices
Kleinman_symmetry
output will only contain even harmonics. This is because the currents which would generate the fundamental and the odd harmonics in this circuit are canceled
Radio_transmitter_design
Laser using electron beam in vacuum as gain medium
seed can be produced by more conventional means, such as by high harmonic generation (HHG) using an optical laser pulse. This results in coherent amplification
Free-electron_laser
Chemical compound
used in optical modulators and for non-linear optics such as second-harmonic generation (SHG). Potassium dideuterium phosphate (KDP), with slightly different
Monopotassium_phosphate
Electromagnetic radiation humans can see
laser source appeared green, which suggests the presence of second harmonic generation in the retina. Lynch, David K.; Livingston, William Charles (2001)
Light
also occurs on metal surfaces by similar effect as surface second harmonic generation. The effect is however influenced e. g. by nonequilibrium electron
Optical_rectification
Regulating device used on transmission networks
controlled. Since PWM still only produces square waves, harmonic generation is quite significant. Some harmonic reduction can be achieved by analytical techniques
Static synchronous compensator
Static_synchronous_compensator
Technique in nonlinear optics
the nonlinearly-generated signal amplitude in the case of second harmonic generation, where a strong pump at ω 1 {\displaystyle \omega _{1}} produces
Quasi-phase-matching
Topics referred to by the same term
company H. H. Gregg, an American electronics retailer company High-harmonic generation, a non-linear process during which a target is illuminated by an
HHG
Chemical compound
out to 4500 nm where the crystal is effectively opaque. Its second-harmonic generation (SHG) coefficient is about three times higher than KDP. It has a
Potassium_titanyl_phosphate
Method of measuring spectral phase of ultrashort laser pulses
other non-linear effects besides second harmonic generation may be used, such as third harmonic generation (THG) or polarization gating (PG). These changes
Frequency-resolved optical gating
Frequency-resolved_optical_gating
Nano-scale semiconductor particles
transistors, solar cells, LEDs, lasers, single-photon sources, second-harmonic generation, quantum computing, cell biology research, microscopy, and medical
Quantum_dot
American physicist
ultrafast dynamics in molecular and materials systems, and high-harmonic generation. Contributions include techniques for generating coherent X-rays
Henry_Kapteyn
Way to produce very short laser bursts
Nonlinear optics, such as second-harmonic generation, parametric down-conversion, optical parametric oscillators, and generation of terahertz radiation. Optical
Mode_locking
Materials engineered to have properties that have not yet been found in nature
Ciattoni, A.; Scalora, M. (2011). "Singularity-driven second- and third-harmonic generation at epsilon-near-zero crossing points". Phys. Rev. A. 84 (6) 063826
Metamaterial
High Harmonic Generation (HHG) is a non-perturbative and extremely nonlinear optical process taking place when a highly intense ultrashort laser pulse
Resonant high harmonic generation from laser ablated plasma plumes
Resonant_high_harmonic_generation_from_laser_ablated_plasma_plumes
Surface-sensitive spectroscopy technique
1987 by Yuen-Ron Shen and his students as an extension of second harmonic generation spectroscopy and rapidly applied to deduce the composition, orientation
Sum frequency generation spectroscopy
Sum_frequency_generation_spectroscopy
Parametric oscillator that oscillates at optical frequencies
\omega _{s}=\omega _{i}=\omega _{p}/2} , which can result in half-harmonic generation when signal and idler have the same polarization. The first optical
Optical_parametric_oscillator
American physicist and businessman
Lawandy's group was the first to observe optically encoded second-harmonic generation in bulk glasses and predicted the delocalization of carriers in disordered
Nabil_M._Lawandy
Interacting phenomenon between light and matter
Second-harmonic generation (SHG), or frequency doubling, generation of light with a doubled frequency (half the wavelength) Third-harmonic generation (THG)
Parametric_process_(optics)
Chemical compound
and 35 μm. The shorter periods of this range are used for second-harmonic generation, while the longer ones for optical parametric oscillation. Periodic
Lithium_niobate
Method of measuring ultrashort laser pulses
phase characteristics. The MIIPS method is also based on second-harmonic generation (SHG) in a non-linear crystal; however, instead of temporally scanning
Multiphoton intrapulse interference phase scan
Multiphoton_intrapulse_interference_phase_scan
Type of symmetry
the piezoelectric effect and the frequency doubling effect (second-harmonic generation). In addition, in such crystals, one-photon absorption (OPA) and
Centrosymmetry
Fluorescence imaging technique
two-photon-based lithography. Using two-photon fluorescence and second-harmonic generation–based microscopy, it was shown that organic porphyrin-type molecules
Two-photon excitation microscopy
Two-photon_excitation_microscopy
Stream of fluid projected into the surrounding medium
phase transitions, extreme states of matter, laser plasmas, High harmonic generation, and also in particle physics experiments. Also some animals, notably
Jet_(fluid)
American accelerator physicist
various aspects of Free-electron laser, including the High-Gain Harmonic Generation FEL, high brightness electron sources, and laser photocathodes. Other
Ilan_Ben-Zvi
Type of laser
Other approaches to optically induced coherent X-ray generation are: high-harmonic generation stimulated Thomson scattering Betatron radiation Applications
X-ray_laser
Induced shape change in macromolecules
second-harmonic generation (SHG) has been recently applied to the study of conformational change in proteins. In this method, a second-harmonic-active
Conformational_change
Electronic system for generating any of a range of frequencies
long-standing problems in the field of on-chip clock signal generation: arbitrary frequency generation and instantaneous frequency switching. Starting from a
Frequency_synthesizer
American physicist
ionization beyond the high harmonic cutoff". Phys. Rev. Lett. 70: 1599. Schafer, K. J.; and Kulander, K. C. (1997). "High Harmonic Generation from Ultrafast Pump
Kenneth_J._Schafer
Laser source with equal intervals of spectral lines
the second harmonic can be generated in a long crystal so that by consecutive sum frequency generation and difference frequency generation the spectrum
Frequency_comb
Coherent delocalized electron oscillations
on surface plasmons were developed. In surface second harmonic generation, the second harmonic signal is proportional to the square of the electric field
Surface_plasmon
incident laser light e-fields HeNe – helium–neon laser HHG – high-harmonic generation IR – infrared KLM – Kerr-lens modelocking LASEK – laser-assisted
Laser_acronyms
Tissue in the body that is not hardened by ossification
Transmission Light Confocal Multi-Photon Excitation Fluorescence Second Harmonic Generation Optical coherence tomography Resolution 0.25 μm Axial: 0.25–0.5 μm
Soft_tissue
Italian physicist
ultrafast dynamics in molecules and materials. Based on table-top harmonic generation, she has created new sources for ultrashort (attosecond) pulses for
Caterina_Vozzi
Electromagnetic waves that travel along an interface
components in chip-scale photonic circuits. In surface second harmonic generation, the second harmonic signal is proportional to the square of the electric field
Surface_plasmon_polariton
Optical process
Upconversion should be distinguished from two-photon absorption and second-harmonic generation. These two physical processes have a similar outcome to photon upconversion
Photon_upconversion
Topics referred to by the same term
measurement for pressure Human geography, a branch of geography Harmonic generation, a non-linear optical phenomenon His/Her Grace, a style used for
HG
Quantum effect in physics
nucleus (nuclei) and its kinetic energy is released as light (high harmonic generation). If the recombination does not occur, further ionization may proceed
Tunnel_ionization
Device that changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC)
must be synchronized with grid frequency and phase and minimize harmonic generation. Electroshock weapons and tasers have a DC/AC inverter to generate
Power_inverter
Viewing of objects which are too small to be seen with the naked eye
non-linear optical processes such as two-photon fluorescence or second harmonic generation. In scanning multiphoton microscopes the high intensities are achieved
Microscopy
Portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye
laser source appeared green, which suggests the presence of second harmonic generation in the retina. Lynch, David K.; Livingston, William Charles (2001)
Visible_spectrum
Physicist and academic leader
nanostructured materials. In 2009, he and his colleagues used second-harmonic generation imaging to study electromagnetic responses in G-shaped gold nanostructures
Ventsislav_K._Valev
French physicist (born 1941)
(2001). "Observation of a Train of Attosecond Pulses from High Harmonic Generation". Science. 292 (5522): 1689–1692. Bibcode:2001Sci...292.1689P. doi:10
Pierre_Agostini
Laser pulse with duration a picosecond (10^-12 s) or less
harmonic generation in a nonlinear medium. A high intensity ultrashort pulse will generate an array of harmonics in the medium; a particular harmonic
Ultrashort_pulse
Study of photonic circuits for computation
as logic gates, require nonlinear optics techniques like second-harmonic generation. Bogaerts, Wim; Pérez, Daniel; Capmany, José; Miller, David A. B
Programmable_photonics
Chinese physical chemist
Professor Kenneth B. Eisenthal. His PhD dissertation titled: Second Harmonic Generation Studies of Chemistry at Liquid Interfaces. He did his postdoctoral
Wang_Hongfei
Ultrafast laser spectroscopic technique
spectroscopic technique. It is a variant of sum-frequency generation (of which the second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a special case) but applied to the detection
Fluorescence_upconversion
American inventor
and apparatus for sub-harmonic generation, stereo expansion" 7,242,779 for "Methods and apparatus for sub-harmonic generation, stereo expansion and distortion"
Lloyd_Trammell
American physicist
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory University of California Thesis High order harmonic generation in rare gases (1994) Doctoral advisor Ann Orel
Kimberly_S._Budil
Class of chemical compounds
(2015-03-10). "Phase-Change Behavior and Nonlinear Optical Second and Third Harmonic Generation of the One-Dimensional K(1–x)CsxPSe6 and Metastable β-CsPSe6". Chemistry
Selenophosphate
Electrically insulating substance able to be polarised by an applied electric field
Refractive index Group velocity dispersion Birefringence Self-focusing Harmonic generation Dipolar polarisation is a polarisation that is either inherent to
Dielectric
Sheng-Ping (November 2025). "π-Conjugated unit bridge for giant second-harmonic generation and birefringence in hybrid materials with dual heteroleptic polyhedra"
Giant_birefringence
Chemical used in lasers
its relatively long fluorescence lifetime. As with Nd:YAG lasers, harmonic generation is frequently employed with Q-switched Nd:YLF to produce shorter
Neodymium-doped yttrium lithium fluoride
Neodymium-doped_yttrium_lithium_fluoride
nonlinear Rayleigh−Gans−Debye model was used to investigate second-harmonic generation in malachite green molecules adsorbed on polystyrene particles. Mie
Rayleigh–Gans_approximation
short pulse, high medium power diode-pumped lasers and investigated harmonic generation, and tunable optical parametric radiation. Such sources of radiation
Ekspla
Non-destructive material testing using ultrasonic waves
Kim, J.-Y.; Jacobs, L. J.; Qu, J. (2015-03-01). "Review of Second Harmonic Generation Measurement Techniques for Material State Determination in Metals"
Ultrasonic_testing
Chemical compound
(KTP) – another popular non-linear crystal Second-harmonic generation (SHG) Third-harmonic generation (THG) Two-photon absorption (TPA) Organic nonlinear
Potassium dideuterium phosphate
Potassium_dideuterium_phosphate
as nonlinear optical materials. They are more efficient at second-harmonic generation than crystals of the same material without periodic structure. The
Periodic_poling
issues that come with it. In addition, most FROGs use a thin second-harmonic generation (SHG) crystal and a spectrometer, adding signal strength requirements
GRENOUILLE
Professor of Biological Sciences
(1991). The application of the symmetry properties of optical second harmonic generation of studies of interfaces and gases. berkeley.edu (PhD thesis). University
Marla_Feller
non-linear optical processes such as two-photon fluorescence or second harmonic generation. In scanning multiphoton microscopes the high intensities are achieved
Wide-field multiphoton microscopy
Wide-field_multiphoton_microscopy
Type of chemical compound
discovery of Na8Mn2(Ge2Se6)2: A polar chalcogenide exhibiting promising harmonic generation signals with a high laser-induced damage threshold". Journal of Alloys
Selenidogermanate
Chemical compound
and mechanical properties. This crystal is often used for second harmonic generation (SHG, also known as frequency doubling), for example of Nd:YAG lasers
Lithium_triborate
Inverse of the average of the inverses of a set of numbers
In mathematics, the harmonic mean is a kind of average, one of the Pythagorean means. It is sometimes used for ratios and rates such as speeds, and is
Harmonic_mean
Rapid removal of two electrons from an atom
ionization, which is also closely related to the three step model of high harmonic generation. Dynamics of double ionization within the three-step model strongly
Double_ionization
Algebraic object with geometric applications
{\displaystyle \chi ^{(2)}} gives the Pockels effect and second harmonic generation, and χ ( 3 ) {\displaystyle \chi ^{(3)}} gives the Kerr effect. This
Tensor
American scientist (born 1953)
Richmond, G. L.; Robinson, J. M.; Shannon, V. L. (1988-01-01). "Second harmonic generation studies of interfacial structure and dynamics". Progress in Surface
Geraldine_L._Richmond
Phenomenon in nonlinear optics
case of sum-frequency generation where all the input photons have the same frequency (and wavelength) is Third-Harmonic Generation (THG). Four-wave mixing
Four-wave_mixing
Chemical compound
sulfide demonstrates nonlinear optical activities, including second-harmonic generation and two-photon excited fluorescence. Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw
Gallium(II)_sulfide
System for describing optical polarization
processes, such as multi-photon excited fluorescence and second harmonic generation. The Mueller tensor can be connected back to the laboratory-frame
Mueller_calculus
Chinese-American physicist
measurement across synchrotron radiation, X-ray free electron lasers, high-harmonic generation, optical microscopy, and electron microscopy. In 2012, Miao applied
Jianwei_Miao
Chemical compound
structure, similar to that of GaS. It is a photoconductor, a second harmonic generation crystal in nonlinear optics, and has been used as a far-infrared
Gallium(II)_selenide
Chemist
Her early work considered how molecular structure impacted second-harmonic generation. Cole studied the origins of the nonlinear optics observed in N-methylurea
Jacqui_Cole
Optical mechanism
contrast two plasma mirrors are used. Plasma mirrors exhibit high harmonic generation and have been used to produce attosecond extreme ultra-violet pulses
Plasma_mirror
Any laser not classified as continuous-wave
the effect of nonlinearity in optical materials (e.g. in second-harmonic generation, parametric down-conversion, optical parametric oscillators and the
Pulsed_laser
Brazilian physicist
Born Institute. Her early work considered the time profiles of high harmonic generation. Faria joined City University of London as a Research Fellow in 2005
Carla_Faria
Technique in attosecond physics
(June 2001). "Observation of a Train of Attosecond Pulses from High Harmonic Generation". Science. 292 (5522): 1689–1692. doi:10.1126/science.1059413.
Reconstruction of attosecond beating by interference of two-photon transitions
Reconstruction_of_attosecond_beating_by_interference_of_two-photon_transitions
Degree of polarization
important in nonlinear optics and lead to effects such as second-harmonic generation (such as used to convert infrared light into visible light, in green
Electric_susceptibility
Physicist and Professor
October 2015). "Opportunities for chiral discrimination using high harmonic generation in tailored laser fields". Journal of Physics B. 48 (23) 234005.
Olga_Smirnova_(scientist)
HARMONIC GENERATION
HARMONIC GENERATION
Boy/Male
Indian
Harmony
Girl/Female
Latin
Harmony.
Female
English
English name derived from the vocabulary word harmony, from Greek Harmonia, HARMONY means "concord, harmony."
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Christian, English, French, Greek, Latin
A State of Order or Agreement; Unity; Concord; Harmony; Agreement
Female
Greek
(ΑÏμονία) Greek name HARMONIA means "concord, harmony." In mythology, this is the name of the daughter of Ares and Aphrodite. Her Latin name is Concordia.
Girl/Female
American, British, English, Greek, Latin
A State of Order or Agreement; Unity; Concord; Musically in Tune; A Tuneful Sound
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Harmony, HARMONIE means "concord, harmony."
Girl/Female
Christian & English(British/American/Australian)
Harmony
Boy/Male
Welsh
Harmony.
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, English, French, Greek, Latin
A State of Order or Agreement; A Beautiful Blending; Agreement; Concord; Musical Combination of Chords; Harmony; Joining
Male
English
English surname transferred to forename use, from the German personal name Harman, HARMON means "bold/hardy man."
Girl/Female
Latin
Harmony.
Girl/Female
English
Unity; concord; musically in tune. Harmonia was the mythological daughter of Aphrodite.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Harmony
Girl/Female
Greek Latin
Daughter of Ares.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, English, French, German, Greek, Hebrew
Man of the Army; Army Man; Noble; Name of a Place During Biblical Period; Hardy Man; Variant of Herman
Girl/Female
Latin American
Concord.
Surname or Lastname
Irish (mainly County Louth)
Irish (mainly County Louth) : generally of English origin (see 1); but sometimes also used as a variant of Harman or Hardiman, i.e. an Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó hArgadáin (see Hargadon).English : variant spelling of Harman 1.
Girl/Female
English
Unity; concord; musically in tune. Harmonia was the mythological daughter of Aphrodite.
Boy/Male
French American Hebrew
HARMONIC GENERATION
HARMONIC GENERATION
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Broadway.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim, Pashtun
Bud
Girl/Female
Hebrew
Life.
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Kara, KARAUGH means either "beloved" or "friend."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from a place so named from Old English hwǣte ‘wheat’ + croft ‘smallholding’. There is one such place in Derbyshire; it is also a common field name.
Girl/Female
American, Australian, German, Irish
Little Red-haired One; Flowering Tree with Red Berries
Female
English
 Feminine form of Middle English Wilfred, WILFREDA means "desires peace." Compare with another form of Wilfreda.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Wish, Blessed
Female
English
(מָרָה) Hebrew name MARA means "bitter." In the bible, this is the name that Naomi gave herself after the death of her husband and sons.
Girl/Female
Indian
Bud, Young
HARMONIC GENERATION
HARMONIC GENERATION
HARMONIC GENERATION
HARMONIC GENERATION
HARMONIC GENERATION
a.
Alt. of Harmonical
n.
See Harmonic suture, under Harmonic.
a.
Not harmonic.
v. i.
To agree in vocal or musical effect; to form a concord; as, the tones harmonize perfectly.
v. t.
To accompany with harmony; to provide with parts, as an air, or melody.
a.
Producing mathematically perfect harmony or concord; sweetly or perfectly harmonious.
n.
A literary work which brings together or arranges systematically parallel passages of historians respecting the same events, and shows their agreement or consistency; as, a harmony of the Gospels.
v. i.
To agree in action, adaptation, or effect on the mind; to agree in sense or purport; as, the parts of a mechanism harmonize.
n.
Alt. of Harmonite
n.
One who shows the agreement or harmony of corresponding passages of different authors, as of the four evangelists.
a.
Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, carbon; as, carbonic oxide.
n.
A musical note produced by a number of vibrations which is a multiple of the number producing some other; an overtone. See Harmonics.
n.
One who understands the principles of harmony or is skillful in applying them in composition; a musical composer.
a.
Relating to harmony, -- as melodic relates to melody; harmonious; esp., relating to the accessory sounds or overtones which accompany the predominant and apparent single tone of any string or sonorous body.
a.
Concordant; musical; consonant; as, harmonic sounds.
n.
The just adaptation of parts to each other, in any system or combination of things, or in things, or things intended to form a connected whole; such an agreement between the different parts of a design or composition as to produce unity of effect; as, the harmony of the universe.
pl.
of Harmony
n.
One of a religious sect, founded in Wurtemburg in the last century, composed of followers of George Rapp, a weaver. They had all their property in common. In 1803, a portion of this sect settled in Pennsylvania and called the village thus established, Harmony.
a.
Not harmonic; inharmonious; discordant; dissonant.
n.
Concord or agreement in facts, opinions, manners, interests, etc.; good correspondence; peace and friendship; as, good citizens live in harmony.