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The higher-order sinusoidal input describing functions (HOSIDF) were first introduced by dr. ir. P.W.J.M. Nuij. The HOSIDFs are an extension of the sinusoidal
Higher-order sinusoidal input describing function
Higher-order_sinusoidal_input_describing_function
the higher order sinusoidal input describing functions (HOSIDF), describe the response of a class of nonlinear systems at harmonics of the input frequency
Describing_function
2017 research paper by Google
paper specifically comments on why this method was chosen describing: We chose the sinusoidal version because it may allow the model to extrapolate to
Attention_Is_All_You_Need
Algorithm for modelling sequential data
k} that would be input into the positional encoding function. The original paper uses N = 10000 {\displaystyle N=10000} . The function is in a simpler
Transformer_(deep_learning)
Characteristic time in a system
response, or using an input that is a simple sinusoidal function of time) the time constant also determines the bandwidth of a first-order time-invariant system
Time_constant
Fundamental trigonometric functions
function Sine and cosine transforms Sine integral Sine quadrant Sine wave Sine–Gordon equation Sinusoidal model SOH-CAH-TOA Trigonometric functions Trigonometric
Sine_and_cosine
Physical characteristic of oscillating systems
oscillations to the input's oscillations is called the gain, and the gain can be a function of the frequency of the sinusoidal external input. Peaks in the
Resonance
Electrical device that uses batteries to prevent any interruption of power flow
sinusoidal AC power. A problem in the combination of a double-conversion UPS and a generator is the voltage distortion created by the UPS. The input of
Uninterruptible_power_supply
High-gain voltage amplifier with a differential input
difference between the input signal and the amplifier output that can lead to oscillation in some feedback circuits. For example, a sinusoidal output signal meant
Operational_amplifier
Effect in signal processing
The effects are most easily characterized by their effect on a sinusoidal s(t) function, whose unwindowed Fourier transform is zero for all but one frequency
Spectral_leakage
Values which describe behavior of a linear electric circuit
scattering matrix or S-matrix which describe the steady state response of linear electrical networks to sinusoidal signals. The parameters are useful for
Scattering_parameters
Device that changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC)
personal computers or DVD players, function on modified sine wave power. AC motors directly operated on non-sinusoidal power may produce extra heat, may
Power_inverter
Type of amplifier that emphasizes a specific frequency in a noisy signal
orthogonality of sinusoidal functions. Specifically, when a sinusoidal function of frequency f1 is multiplied by a sinusoidal function of another frequency
Lock-in_amplifier
Ratio of active power to apparent power
capacitors, current flow has a sinusoidal response to the sinusoidal line voltage. A linear load does not change the shape of the input waveform but may change
Power_factor
Antenna consisting of two rod-shaped conductors
greatly, but is nevertheless limited due to higher order components of the elements' not-quite-exactly-sinusoidal current, which have been ignored above in
Dipole_antenna
Study of classical optics using Fourier transforms
in the input plane. The actual impulse response function of an imaging system typically resembles an Airy function, whose radius is on the order of the
Fourier_optics
Resonator damping parameter
parameter that describes the resonance behavior of a damped harmonic oscillator (resonator). Sinusoidally driven resonators having higher Q factors resonate
Q_factor
Influence on an oscillating physical system which reduces or prevents its oscillation
sinusoid is a sinusoidal function whose amplitude approaches zero as time increases. It corresponds to the underdamped case of damped second-order systems,
Damping
Dependence of the state of a system on its history
type of hysteresis is a lag between input and output. An example is a sinusoidal input X(t) that results in a sinusoidal output Y(t), but with a phase lag
Hysteresis
Electric motor for discrete partial rotations
inductance, is the back-EMF of the motor. As the motor's rotor turns, a sinusoidal voltage is generated proportional to the speed (step rate). This AC voltage
Stepper_motor
Resistive and inductive circuit
{V(t)}=Ae^{\sigma t}\cos(\omega t+\phi )\,.} Sinusoidal steady state is a special case in which the input voltage consists of a pure sinusoid (with no
RL_circuit
Electronic device/component that increases the strength of a signal
continuously variable input. a non-linear amplifier in an analog computer or true RMS converter for example can provide a special transfer function, such as logarithmic
Amplifier
Non-linear effect in amplitude modulation
can differ from the input signal. Non-linear systems generate harmonics in response to sinusoidal input, meaning that if the input of a non-linear system
Intermodulation
Electronic method of transmitting information with a carrier wave
distribution of a sine wave carrier modulated by such a sinusoidal signal can be represented with Bessel functions; this provides the basis for a mathematical understanding
Frequency_modulation
Measurement of the harmonic distortion present in a signal
understand a system with an input and an output, such as an audio amplifier, we start with an ideal system where the transfer function is linear and time-invariant
Total_harmonic_distortion
Electronic control system
to the phase of an input signal. Keeping the input and output phase in lockstep also implies a constant relationship between input and output frequencies
Phase-locked_loop
Mathematical transform that expresses a function of time as a function of frequency
takes a function as input and outputs another function that describes the extent to which various frequencies are present in the original function. The output
Fourier_transform
Sound synthesis technique
contains an infinite number of sinusoidal components, with no upper limit to the frequency of the sinusoidal functions and includes a DC component (one
Additive_synthesis
Method for reducing unwanted sound
416—was granted to inventor Paul Lueg in 1936. The patent described how to cancel sinusoidal tones in ducts by phase-advancing the wave and canceling arbitrary
Active_noise_control
Type of electronic circuit
clock circuits. Linear or harmonic oscillators generate a sinusoidal (or nearly-sinusoidal) signal. There are two types: The most common form of linear
Electronic_oscillator
Relative importance of certain frequencies in a composite signal
(higher order spectra) Spectral density estimation Spectral efficiency Spectral leakage Spectral power distribution Whittle likelihood Window function
Spectral_density
Loop that increases an initial effect
feedback exists. If the functions A and B are linear and AB is smaller than unity, then the overall system gain from the input to output is finite but
Positive_feedback
Sufficiency theorem for reconstructing signals from samples
to explicitly state that x ( t ) {\displaystyle x(t)} must contain no sinusoidal component at exactly frequency B , {\displaystyle B,} or that B {\displaystyle
Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem
Nyquist–Shannon_sampling_theorem
Graph of the frequency response of a control system
time-invariant system with transfer function H ( s ) {\displaystyle H(s)} . Assume that the system is subject to a sinusoidal input with frequency ω {\displaystyle
Bode_plot
Circuit that creates new frequencies from two signals
determines which of these products is used. If the two inputs are multiplied and are sinusoidal: v 1 = sin ( 2 π f 1 t ) , v 2 = sin ( 2 π f 2 t )
Frequency_mixer
Sinusoidal wave whose frequency is an integer multiple
electric power system, a harmonic of a voltage or current waveform is a sinusoidal wave whose frequency is an integer multiple of the fundamental frequency
Harmonics_(electrical_power)
Mechanical oscillations about an equilibrium point
shakers are used. For higher frequencies (typically 5 Hz to 2000 Hz), electrodynamic shakers are used. Generally, one or more "input" or "control" points
Vibration
Test and measurement instrument
the signal level at the input, usually expressed in dB. Frequency response: measures the output level of a DUT as a function of frequency. Level is expressed
Audio_analyzer
crayfish uses to detect pressure waves in water. The stimulus consisted of sinusoidal motion at 55.2 Hz with random Gaussian noise at varying levels of average
Stochastic resonance (sensory neurobiology)
Stochastic_resonance_(sensory_neurobiology)
Any large system of circulating ocean surface currents
Jenna R.; Geyer, Roland; Wilcox, Chris (12 February 2015). "Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean" (PDF). Science. 347 (6223): 769. Bibcode:2015Sci
Ocean_gyre
Delays experienced through a linear time-invariant system
delay and phase delay are functions that describe in different ways the delay times experienced by a signal's various sinusoidal frequency components as
Group_delay_and_phase_delay
Passive two-terminal electrical component that stores energy in its magnetic field
i(t)~}{\mathrm {d} \;\!t}}} When there is a sinusoidal alternating current (AC) through an inductor, a sinusoidal voltage is induced. The amplitude of the
Inductor
Electrical resonant circuit
{\Bigl (}1-\cos(\omega _{0}\ t){\Bigr )}\;.} For the case of a sinusoidal function as input we get: v i n ( t ) = U sin ( ω f t ) ⇒ V i n ( s ) =
LC_circuit
Method of detecting shapes within images
results in each point in the input data voting for a sinusoidal surface in the Hough space. The intersection of these sinusoidal surfaces indicates presence
Hough_transform
Electronic testing device
input signal spectrum to the center frequency of a narrow band-pass filter, whose instantaneous output power is recorded or displayed as a function of
Spectrum_analyzer
Analytic solution of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation
work, an initial sinusoidal beating), a profile very close to the ideal Peregrine soliton can be generated. However, the non-ideal input condition lead
Peregrine_soliton
Signal processing technique
wave (both produced by cosine functions). The right hand side shows that the resulting signal is the sum of two sinusoidal terms, one at the sum of the
Heterodyne
Types of electrical transformer
an electronic oscillator circuit. Each pulse serves to drive resonant sinusoidal oscillations in the tuned winding, and due to resonance a high voltage
Transformer_types
Type of radio receiver
multiplier driven by a sinusoidal LO, only these two components are produced, but practical mixers also generate higher-order intermodulation products
Superheterodyne_receiver
differential equations with constant coefficients if the function is polynomial, sinusoidal, exponential or the combination of the three. The general
Exponential_response_formula
Control concept
reduce the fluctuations in the output, whether caused by changes in the input or by other disturbances. Whereas positive feedback tends to instability
Negative_feedback
Fibrous structure in the vestibular system of the inner ear
optimal stimulus input of linear acceleration and gravity. Fishes often have a single large crystal called an otolith, but otoconia from higher vertebrates
Otolithic_membrane
Specific quantum state of a quantum harmonic oscillator
also behave in a convenient manner when describing the quantum action of beam splitters: two coherent-state input beams will simply convert to two coherent-state
Coherent_state
Biological sound detection process
pronounced at higher frequencies; that is, if there is a sound onset, the delay of this onset between the ears can be used to determine the input direction
Sound_localization
Electric circuit that generates sine waves
nonlinear. The nonlinear transfer function can be expressed as a Taylor series. For small amplitudes, the higher-order terms have little effect. For larger
Wien_bridge_oscillator
Signal boosting phenomenon using white noise
a function of noise intensity contains a peak. Strictly speaking, stochastic resonance occurs in bistable systems, when a small periodic (sinusoidal) force
Stochastic_resonance
pixel. Here input is an array (digital image). damped sine wave Is a sinusoidal function whose amplitude approaches zero as time increases. degree of a polynomial
Glossary_of_calculus
Representation of auditory sensation and perception in the nervous system
determines the loudness with which the sound is perceived. In a sinusoidal function such as C sin ( 2 π f t ) {\displaystyle C\sin(2\pi ft)} , C represents
Neural_encoding_of_sound
Type of radio antenna consisting of a loop or coil
and especially the input impedance is affected by its proximity to the ground. If fed with higher frequencies, then the antenna input impedance will generally
Loop_antenna
Medical diagnostic method
During late (sinusoidal) phase, if totally "filled" with CA, hemangioma appears isoechoic to the liver. Deviations from the above described behavior can
Ultrasonography of liver tumors
Ultrasonography_of_liver_tumors
Electromechanical device
encoder shaft rotates. This is similar to sine encoders, which output sinusoidal waveforms in quadrature (i.e., sine and cosine), thus combining the characteristics
Rotary_encoder
Electrical resonant transformer circuit invented by Nikola Tesla
dying out in a time of the order of a millisecond. Each spark across the spark gap produces a pulse of damped sinusoidal high voltage at the output terminal
Tesla_coil
Quasi-Direct AC-AC conversion with no DC link energy storage elements Sinusoidal input current in phase with mains voltage Zero DC link current commutation
Sparse_matrix_converter
List of definitions of terms and concepts used in electrical engineering and electronics
frequencies that are integer multiples of an input frequency. harmonic oscillator An oscillator which produces sinusoidal output, such as a simple RLC oscillator
Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering
Glossary_of_electrical_and_electronics_engineering
Cubic plane curve
polynomial functions of a single parameter, and any arc of it can be drawn as a cubic Bézier curve. It is a special case of a sinusoidal spiral, of a
Tschirnhausen_cubic
Sound frequency changes responsible for perceptions of loudness, pitch and timbre
Glasberg BR (August 2001). "Temporal modulation transfer functions obtained using sinusoidal carriers with normally hearing and hearing-impaired listeners"
Temporal envelope and fine structure
Temporal_envelope_and_fine_structure
{\displaystyle I_{s}} is represented as a sinusoidal source with its Norton representation which delivers a sinusoidal current I L {\displaystyle I_{L}} to
Active_EMI_reduction
Electronic method of transmitting information with a carrier wave
demodulation. In general form, a modulation process of a sinusoidal carrier wave may be described by the following equation: m ( t ) = A ( t ) ⋅ cos (
Amplitude_modulation
Method of data analysis
The components showed distinctive patterns, including gradients and sinusoidal waves. They interpreted these patterns as resulting from specific ancient
Principal_component_analysis
Medical diagnostic method
stimulation induced vasomotor activity at each terminal site sets up a standing sinusoidal wave oscillation, comprising a summation of waves due to effects of incident
Transcranial_Doppler
Electronic component
reactance and resistance, describes the phase difference and the ratio of amplitudes between sinusoidally varying voltage and sinusoidally varying current at
Capacitor
Nervous system stimuli filtration process
in tuning and in threshold for evoking a single spike in response to a sinusoidal stimulus. P units have high threshold and are broadly tuned; T units have
Feature detection (nervous system)
Feature_detection_(nervous_system)
Measure used in radio engineering and telecommunications
{\displaystyle \ |V_{\mathsf {net}}(x)|^{2}\ } is seen to oscillate sinusoidally between | V m i n | 2 {\displaystyle \ |V_{\mathsf {min}}|^{2}\ }
Standing_wave_ratio
Sense of self-movement, force, and body position
of sinusoidal and step function stretches, and fit a transfer function to the spike rate. They found that the following Laplace transfer function describes
Proprioception
wave function wave function collapse wave–particle duality wavelength A measure of the distance traversed by a single spatial period of a sinusoidal wave
Glossary_of_physics
Nonlinear optical process
pulse itself, often through an autocorrelation function. Since SHG has the advantage of mixing two input fields to generate the harmonic field, it is a
Second-harmonic_generation
Electrical safety device used in household wiring
on alternating sinusoidal residual current, suddenly applied or smoothly increasing. Type A These trip on both alternating sinusoidal residual current
Residual-current_device
Audio performance differences between technologies
prevent overload. To prevent overload, a modern digital system may compress input signals so that digital full-scale cannot be reached Unlike analog duplication
Comparison of analog and digital recording
Comparison_of_analog_and_digital_recording
controlling amplifier gain in order to maintain a constant output voltage with a varying input voltage within a predetermined range of input-to-output variation
Glossary_of_video_terms
function of a real variable measures the sensitivity to change of the function value (output value) with respect to a change in its argument (input value)
Glossary_of_engineering:_A–L
Electrophysiological method to record electrical activity of the brain
(vertical lines – 10 and 20 Hz, scale is linear). Alpha-rhythm consists of sinusoidal-like waves with frequencies in 8–12 Hz range (11 Hz in this case) more
Electroencephalography
Form of radar used to create images of landscapes
filtered data will compensate this reduction, and the amplitude of a sinusoidal component with frequency ω {\displaystyle \omega } can be estimated more
Synthetic-aperture_radar
Solid conductive electrolyte
maximum effective (RMS) value at 100 kHz at upper rated temperature. Non-sinusoidal ripple currents have to be analyzed and separated into their individual
Polymer_capacitor
Type of eye movement used for closely following a moving object
PMC 6565029. PMID 3973698. Tian, J. R; Lynch, J. C (1996). "Corticocortical input to the smooth and saccadic eye movement subregions of the frontal eye field
Smooth_pursuit
Photoacoustic Flow Cytometery
− i ω t {\displaystyle e^{-i\omega t}} is described as the exponential expression of a sinusoidal function determined by Euler's formula. It is important
Photoacoustic_flow_cytometry
Technique used in signal processing and data compression
(since the Fourier transform of a real and even function is real and even), whereas in some variants the input or output data are shifted by half a sample
Discrete_cosine_transform
Concepts from linear algebra
is, acceleration is proportional to position (i.e., we expect x to be sinusoidal in time). In n dimensions, m becomes a mass matrix and k a stiffness matrix
Eigenvalues_and_eigenvectors
Way to produce very short laser bursts
laser cavity. When driven with an electrical signal, this produces a sinusoidal amplitude modulation of the light in the cavity. Considering this in the
Mode_locking
Property of waves that can oscillate with more than one orientation
states with only a coherent sinusoidal wave at one optical frequency. The vector in the adjacent diagram might describe the oscillation of the electric
Polarization_(waves)
Property of electrical conductors
The property describing the effect of one conductor on itself is more precisely called self-inductance, and the properties describing the effects of
Inductance
Device that measures magnetism
applied to the sample in order to investigate its dynamic magnetic properties. In the mathematically simplest case, a sinusoidal excitation field h(t) =
Magnetometer
Type of capacitor
and resistance; it describes the phase difference and the ratio of amplitudes between sinusoidally varying voltage and sinusoidally varying current at
Aluminum electrolytic capacitor
Aluminum_electrolytic_capacitor
single line on a Spectrum analyser display and when modulated with other sinusoidal signals, the spectrum differs little from that obtained with standard
Radar_signal_characteristics
Genus of azhdarchid pterosaurs from the Late Cretaceous
morphology, such as a keel. Both the skull and the dentary had a slight sinusoidal curve, which may also be present in Hatzegopteryx. The mandibular symphyses
Quetzalcoatlus
Electrical capacitor with an insulating plastic film as the dielectric
60 Hz up to 40 kHz or higher, often using a Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS) circuit topology with PFC. First the AC input power is rectified to DC
Film_capacitor
Type of radio transmitter
best tone. In higher power transmitters powered by AC, a transformer steps the input voltage up to the high voltage needed. The sinusoidal voltage from
Spark-gap_transmitter
Material deformation mechanism
boundaries are often observed. We can simulate this type of boundary with a sinusoidal curve, with amplitude h and wavelength λ. Steady-state creep rate increases
Grain_boundary_sliding
Video encoding standard
coefficients", which have positive or negative values each representing sinusoidal deviations from the flat block value represented by the DC coefficient
MPEG-1
Type of laser with two counter-rotating beams
pp. 291–384 (1937). F. Abélès, "Investigations on the propagation of sinusoidal electromagnetic waves in stratified media: application to thin films"
Ring_laser
Series of techniques in optical microscopy
excitation laser. By applying a sinusoidal illumination pattern with a peak intensity close to that needed in order to saturate the fluorophores in their
Super-resolution_microscopy
HIGHER ORDER-SINUSOIDAL-INPUT-DESCRIBING-FUNCTION
HIGHER ORDER-SINUSOIDAL-INPUT-DESCRIBING-FUNCTION
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Describing
Male
Swedish
Old Swedish form of Old Norse Oddr, ODDER means "point of a weapon."
Biblical
a digger
Girl/Female
Greek
Order.
Girl/Female
Indian
Higher, Highest
Girl/Female
German, Greek
Order
Girl/Female
Muslim
Higher, Highest
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Cordier.Catalan : occupational name for a maker of cord or string, from an agent derivative of Catalan corda ‘string’, ‘cord’.
Girl/Female
Indian, Marathi, Sindhi
Order
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Describing
Male
Swedish
Swedish form of Old Norse Dagr, DAGHER means "day."
Boy/Male
Biblical
A digger.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived at the edge of a village or by some other boundary, Middle English border, from Old French bordure ‘edge’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Haggard.English : variant of Hager.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Order
Boy/Male
Greek
Order.
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Order
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Highley.
Boy/Male
Greek
Order.
Boy/Male
Greek
Order.
HIGHER ORDER-SINUSOIDAL-INPUT-DESCRIBING-FUNCTION
HIGHER ORDER-SINUSOIDAL-INPUT-DESCRIBING-FUNCTION
Boy/Male
Bengali, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Telugu
Leading
Girl/Female
Indian
Sunset
Boy/Male
Australian, British, Christian, English, German, Greek
Form of Thaddeus; Gift of God
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
With Divine Power; Graceful
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
Peacock
Female
English
Hungarian form of English Edith, EDIT means "rich battle."
Boy/Male
Muslim
Servant of the Respected. Esteemed.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Somasekhar | ஸோமாஂஸேகர
Lord Shiva
Girl/Female
Australian, Danish, French, German, Greek, Latin, Swedish
Anointed; Christian; Ice; Follower of Christ
Boy/Male
Teutonic
Resolute fighter.
HIGHER ORDER-SINUSOIDAL-INPUT-DESCRIBING-FUNCTION
HIGHER ORDER-SINUSOIDAL-INPUT-DESCRIBING-FUNCTION
HIGHER ORDER-SINUSOIDAL-INPUT-DESCRIBING-FUNCTION
HIGHER ORDER-SINUSOIDAL-INPUT-DESCRIBING-FUNCTION
HIGHER ORDER-SINUSOIDAL-INPUT-DESCRIBING-FUNCTION
adv.
In a high manner, or to a high degree; very much; as, highly esteemed.
n.
Right arrangement; a normal, correct, or fit condition; as, the house is in order; the machinery is out of order.
n.
To give an order to; to command; as, to order troops to advance.
n.
To give an order for; to secure by an order; as, to order a carriage; to order groceries.
n.
Conformity with law or decorum; freedom from disturbance; general tranquillity; public quiet; as, to preserve order in a community or an assembly.
a.
Being on the side next or toward the person speaking; nearer; -- correlate of thither and farther; as, on the hither side of a hill.
n.
To admit to holy orders; to ordain; to receive into the ranks of the ministry.
v. t.
To make a border for; to furnish with a border, as for ornament; as, to border a garment or a garden.
v. i.
To give orders; to issue commands.
adv.
To this place; -- used with verbs signifying motion, and implying motion toward the speaker; correlate of hence and thither; as, to come or bring hither.
a.
Of or pertaining to a sinusoid; like a sinusoid.
a.
Being on the farther side from the person speaking; farther; -- a correlative of hither; as, on the thither side of the water.
a.
Applied to time: On the hither side of, younger than; of fewer years than.
n.
An ecclesiastical grade or rank, as of deacon, priest, or bishop; the office of the Christian ministry; -- often used in the plural; as, to take orders, or to take holy orders, that is, to enter some grade of the ministry.
n.
A number of things or persons arranged in a fixed or suitable place, or relative position; a rank; a row; a grade; especially, a rank or class in society; a group or division of men in the same social or other position; also, a distinct character, kind, or sort; as, the higher or lower orders of society; talent of a high order.
adv.
To that place; -- opposed to hither.
conj. Either
precedes two, or more, coordinate words or phrases, and is introductory to an alternative. It is correlative to or.
a.
Applied to time: On the thither side of, older than; of more years than. See Hither, a.
n.
A body of persons having some common honorary distinction or rule of obligation; esp., a body of religious persons or aggregate of convents living under a common rule; as, the Order of the Bath; the Franciscan order.
n.
Rank; degree; thus, the order of a curve or surface is the same as the degree of its equation.