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Attempt to formalize all of mathematics, based on a finite set of axioms
In mathematics, Hilbert's program, formulated by German mathematician David Hilbert in the early 1920s, was a proposed solution to the foundational crisis
Hilbert's_program
23 mathematical problems stated in 1900
proofs from an agreed-upon set of axioms. One of the main goals of Hilbert's program was a finitistic proof of the consistency of the axioms of arithmetic:
Hilbert's_problems
German mathematician (1862–1943)
_{j}}({\vec {x}})q_{j}({\vec {x}})} . This result is known as the Hilbert root theorem, or "Hilberts Nullstellensatz" in German. He also proved that the correspondence
David_Hilbert
Limitative results in mathematical logic
philosophy of mathematics. The theorems are interpreted as showing that Hilbert's program to find a complete and consistent set of axioms for all mathematics
Gödel's incompleteness theorems
Gödel's_incompleteness_theorems
Mathematical model for deduction or proof systems
arithmetic cannot prove its own completeness. This effectively showed that Hilbert's program was impossible as stated. The term formalism is sometimes a rough
Formal_system
Mathematical logic concept
Gentzen's result, particularly in the context of the formalist program which was initiated by Hilbert. The original proposals of the formalists to make classical
Gentzen's_consistency_proof
Non-contradiction of a theory
finitary consistency proofs for all of mathematics as part of Hilbert's program. Hilbert's program was strongly impacted by the incompleteness theorems, which
Consistency
Subfield of mathematics
arithmetic, and analysis. In the early 20th century it was shaped by David Hilbert's program to prove the consistency of foundational theories. Results of Kurt
Mathematical_logic
View that mathematics does not necessarily represent reality, but is more akin to a game
formalism was David Hilbert, whose program was intended to be a complete and consistent axiomatization of all of mathematics. Hilbert aimed to show the
Formalism (philosophy of mathematics)
Formalism_(philosophy_of_mathematics)
Space-filling curve
drawing. The Hilbert Curve is commonly used among rendering images or videos. Common programs such as Blender and Cinema 4D use the Hilbert Curve to trace
Hilbert_curve
Extension of a formal language by the epsilon operator
of ordered pairs, this number grows to approximately 2.4 × 1054. Hilbert's program for mathematics was to justify those formal systems as consistent
Epsilon_calculus
Basic framework of mathematics
purely formal system as envisaged in Hilbert's program. This dealt a final blow to the heart of Hilbert's program, the hope that consistency could be established
Foundations_of_mathematics
Branch of mathematical logic
established by David Hilbert, who initiated what is called Hilbert's program in the Foundations of Mathematics. The central idea of this program was that if we
Proof_theory
Einstein–Hilbert equations Hilbert algebra Hilbert C*-module Hilbert basis (linear programming) Hilbert class field Hilbert cube Hilbert curve Hilbert curve
List of things named after David Hilbert
List_of_things_named_after_David_Hilbert
Consistency of the axioms of arithmetic
finitistic, they do not achieve the proclaimed objectives of Hilbert's original program. ... The possibility of constructing a finitistic absolute proof
Hilbert's_second_problem
Belief without doubt in propositions that are in fact true
formalist approach, of which David Hilbert was the foremost proponent, culminating in what is known as Hilbert's program, which sought to ground mathematics
Certainty
View of mathematicians to consolidate two or more theories into a more generalized one
subject should be fitted into one theory (examples include Hilbert's program and Langlands program). The unification of mathematical topics has been called
Unifying theories in mathematics
Unifying_theories_in_mathematics
Hungarian and American mathematician and physicist (1903–1957)
theory. In 1936 he attempted to further the program of replacing the axioms of his previous Hilbert space program with those of Jordan algebras in a paper
John_von_Neumann
Mathematical problem
the set of all true identities). This turns out to be analogous to Hilbert's program and Gödel's incompleteness theorem in the 1920s and 1930s. First,
Tarski's high school algebra problem
Tarski's_high_school_algebra_problem
all further propositions can be derived. Hilbert's Program was an attempt by German mathematician David Hilbert to axiomatize all of mathematics in the
Universal_science
Consistency, completeness, Hilbert's program; "Gödel published his work which in some sense completely destroyed Hilbert's program." Ono, Ken (2006). "Honoring
History_of_mathematics
Study of mathematics itself
published in 1879. David Hilbert was the first to invoke the term "metamathematics" with regularity (see Hilbert's program), in the early 20th century
Metamathematics
Mathematical logician and philosopher
with the work of Frege and culminating in Principia Mathematica and Hilbert's program, to find a non-relatively consistent axiomatization sufficient for
Kurt_Gödel
many forms of constructivism. These include Brouwer's program of intuitionism, the finitism of Hilbert and Bernays, the constructive recursive mathematics
Mathematical_object
2023 novel by Benjamín Labatut
Gábor Szegő. It climaxes with von Neumann's participation in David Hilbert's program to create a logical basis for mathematics based on a consistent set
The_MANIAC
French mathematician (1908–1931)
Euler characteristic, used in homological algebra. He contributed to Hilbert's program in the foundations of mathematics by providing a constructive consistency
Jacques_Herbrand
Topics referred to by the same term
of these basis elements Orthonormal basis of a Hilbert space Hilbert basis (linear programming) Hilbert's basis theorem This disambiguation page lists mathematics
Hilbert_basis
Philosophy of mathematics that accepts the existence only of finite mathematical objects
objects would not cause a problem regarding finite objects. This led to Hilbert's program of proving both consistency and completeness of set theory using finitistic
Finitism
Historical research project in mathematics
should be derivable from logic and set theory, ultimately leading to Hilbert's program, Gödel's theorems and non-standard analysis. "God created the natural
Arithmetization_of_analysis
given in the form of truth tables. In addition, before the time of Hilbert's program at the turn of the twentieth century, the proof of Gödel's incompleteness
Theories_of_truth
Canadian logician, philosopher of mathematics
figures (Hilbert, Gödel, and Carnap) associated with this development. In the philosophy of mathematics, Zach has worked on Hilbert's program and the philosophical
Richard_Zach
Programming language designed 1942 to 1945
[ˈplaːnkalkyːl]) is a programming language designed for engineering purposes by Konrad Zuse between 1942 and 1945. It was the first high-level programming language
Plankalkül
Study of correct reasoning
project in his Grundgesetze by Russell's paradox, to the defeat of Hilbert's program by Gödel's incompleteness theorems. Set theory originated in the study
Logic
On the reciprocity law in algebraic number fields
this led to the development of the class field theory, realizing Hilbert's program in an abstract fashion. Certain explicit formulas for norm residues
Hilbert's_ninth_problem
Problem in computer science
decision problem of, given an arbitrary computer program and an input, determining whether said program will eventually finish running and halt, or will
Halting_problem
Branch of mathematics
aspects of the subject to avoid crises of rigour and accuracy, known as Hilbert's program. As part of this broader movement, the notion of a topological space
Differential_geometry
like geometry, arithmetic, analysis and set theory. Most notable was Hilbert's Program, which sought to ground all of mathematics to a finite set of axioms
History_of_logic
The Hilbert basis of a convex cone C is a minimal set of integer vectors in C such that every integer vector in C is a conical combination of the vectors
Hilbert basis (linear programming)
Hilbert_basis_(linear_programming)
American mathematician
mathematics at Cornell University as a visiting program professor during the 2003–2004 academic year. Hilbert was born in Brooklyn, New York. As a teenager
Stephen_Hilbert
formalism was David Hilbert, whose program was intended to be a complete and consistent axiomatization of all of mathematics. Hilbert aimed to show the
Philosophy_of_mathematics
Being equally consistent
objects, it is natural to wonder about their own consistency. Hilbert proposed a program at the beginning of the 20th century whose ultimate goal was to
Equiconsistency
All-encompassing set or class
pp. 88 and 91. Rathjen, Michael (October 2005). "The Constructive Hilbert Program and the Limits of Martin-Löf Type Theory". Synthese. 147: 81–120. doi:10
Universe_(mathematics)
20th-century tradition of Western philosophy
Principia Mathematica also failed to reduce arithmetic to logic, and that Hilbert's program was unattainable. Ernst Zermelo and Abraham Fraenkel established Zermelo
Analytic_philosophy
Relationship between programs and proofs
Hilbert-style deduction systems. For this reason, these schemes are now often called axioms K and S. Examples of programs seen as proofs in a Hilbert-style
Curry–Howard_correspondence
American Vietnam veteran, psychotherapist, and Zen priest
Employee Assistance Program, and Stress Intervention Centers. The companies served patients from seven offices in two states. Hilbert twice testified before
Harvey_Hilbert
Mathematical problem concerning limit cycles in dynamical systems
spatial polycycles: Arnold's program and its development". Fields Inst. Commun., 24, 241-271. Kaloshin, V. (2001). "The Hilbert-Arnold problem and estimates
Hilbert–Arnold_problem
Problem about mathematical number fields
rational numbers, to any base number field. It is one of the 23 mathematical Hilbert problems and asks for analogues of the roots of unity that generate a whole
Hilbert's_twelfth_problem
Private college in Hamburg, New York, U.S.
Hilbert College. In 1992, Hilbert joined the NCAA and began to offer four-year degrees for the first time. Hilbert added its first graduate programs in
Hilbert_College
Promotes work on calculus of variations
Hilbert's twenty-third problem is the last of Hilbert problems set out in a celebrated list compiled in 1900 by David Hilbert. In contrast with Hilbert's
Hilbert's twenty-third problem
Hilbert's_twenty-third_problem
Conjectures connecting number theory and geometry
In mathematics, the Langlands program is a set of conjectures about connections between number theory, the theory of automorphic forms, and geometry.
Langlands_program
the very heart of their thinking. The Formalist movement, following Hilbert's program of saving the mathematical fruits of Cantor's Axiom of Infinity via
John_Penn_Mayberry
List of terms created from a person's name
Hidalgo (Chiapas), Hidalgo (Texas). David Hilbert, German mathematician and physicist – Hilbert's program Paul von Hindenburg, German general and politician
List_of_eponyms_(A–K)
relation, rather than an individual object. Hilbert's program An ambitious project proposed by David Hilbert to provide a solid foundation for all of mathematics
Glossary_of_logic
Foundations of mathematics Formal language Principia Mathematica Hilbert's program Impredicative Definable real number Algebraic logic Boolean algebra
List of mathematical logic topics
List_of_mathematical_logic_topics
Mathematical system
True arithmetic Hilbert, D.; Bernays, P. (1934). Grundlagen der Mathematik. Springer-Verlag. MR 0237246. Sieg, W. (2013). Hilbert's Programs and Beyond. Oxford
Second-order_arithmetic
1986 book on ancient Greek mathematics by Wilbur Knorr
foundational crisis of mathematics of the early 20th century, in which David Hilbert's program of reducing mathematics to a system of axioms and calculational rules
The Ancient Tradition of Geometric Problems
The_Ancient_Tradition_of_Geometric_Problems
Conjecture on zeros of the zeta function
operator so that the quantization would be a realization of the Hilbert–Pólya program. In a connection with this quantum mechanical problem Berry and
Riemann_hypothesis
On the distribution of prime numbers
Hilbert's eighth problem is one of David Hilbert's list of open mathematical problems posed in 1900. It concerns various branches of number theory, and
Hilbert's_eighth_problem
German mathematician and philosopher (1915–1994)
also on Gerhard Gentzen's cut elimination to find a way to continue Hilbert's program after the results of Gödel. In the theory of geometry and physics
Paul_Lorenzen
Public high school in Hilbert, Wisconsin, United States
also offers a variety of fine arts, performing arts, athletic programs and clubs. Hilbert's teams are known as the Wolves, and they have been members of
Hilbert_High_School
German physicist and historian
researched David Hilbert's contributions to the early history of GR and the Hilbert-Einstein priority dispute and Hilbert's program on the foundations
Tilman_Sauer
compensated for by consistency proofs." David Hilbert, Die Grundlagen der Mathematik, Hilbert's program, 22C:096, University of Iowa Archived 23 February
List_of_agnostics
American politician (born 1994)
annually disclose and rank all federally affiliated funds, programs and priorities. Hilbert championed several major pieces of legislation, including Senate
Kyle_Hilbert
American mathematician
MR 0753869. Simpson, Stephen G. (1988), "Partial realizations of Hilbert's Program", Journal of Symbolic Logic, 53 (2): 349–363, doi:10.2307/2274508
Steve_Simpson_(mathematician)
American philosopher (1948–2019)
University of Notre Dame and the Paris Diderot University) from 2010. Hilbert's Program: An Essay on Mathematical Instrumentalism, vol. 182 of the Synthese
Michael_Detlefsen
American television program
and comedy television program that premiered on CMT on April 14, 2016, and moved to Nickelodeon on July 16, 2017. The program stars Dude Perfect members
The_Dude_Perfect_Show
of NCAA Division I softball programs List of NCAA Division II softball programs List of junior college softball programs "NCAA Division III Softball Rankings
List of NCAA Division III softball programs
List_of_NCAA_Division_III_softball_programs
Ability of a computing system to simulate Turing machines
not allow for an infinite loop. In the early 20th century, David Hilbert led a program to axiomatize all of mathematics with precise axioms and precise
Turing_completeness
Salishan language or dialect continuum of North America
(7). "Nisqually Keyboards". "Vi taqʷšəblu Hilbert". 17 December 2014. UWT to offer Lushootseed immersion program this summer Archived 2016-04-17 at the Wayback
Lushootseed
Dutch country pop artist (born 1953)
1978) and later Hans Lutjens (drummer from 1978). With EMI arranger Eddy Hilberts as producer, the new name Pussycat finally started taking its new shape
Toni_Willé
Graphical symbol or pictogram used to point or indicate direction
mathematical notation developed in the first half of the 20th century. David Hilbert in 1922 introduced the arrow symbol representing logical implication. The
Arrow_(symbol)
Geometry without the parallel postulate
insufficient basis for Euclidean geometry, so other systems (such as Hilbert's axioms without the parallel axiom) are used instead. In Euclid's Elements
Absolute_geometry
Logical connective AND
natural language, the denotation of expressions such as English "and"; In programming languages, the short-circuit and control structure; In set theory, intersection
Logical_conjunction
Impossible task in computing
In 1928, David Hilbert and Wilhelm Ackermann posed the question in the form outlined above. In continuation of his "program", Hilbert posed three questions
Entscheidungsproblem
Method of deriving conclusions
intuitive rules of inference to reflect how people naturally reason, while Hilbert systems provide minimalistic frameworks to represent foundational principles
Rule_of_inference
Subfield of mathematical optimization
(in Hilbert spaces) such as the Hilbert projection theorem, the separating hyperplane theorem, and Farkas' lemma.[citation needed] The convex programs easiest
Convex_optimization
August 8, 2017. "Calvin Crosby to Lead Men's and Women's Volleyball Programs". Hilbert Hawks. January 31, 2020. Retrieved February 4, 2020. "NJCU Men's Volleyball
List of NCAA men's volleyball programs
List_of_NCAA_men's_volleyball_programs
Computation model defining an abstract machine
the current state and the symbol that is read. As with a real computer program, it is possible for a Turing machine to go into an infinite loop which
Turing_machine
Land service branch of the U.S. military
Future Combat Systems program. In 2009, many systems were canceled, and the remaining were swept into the BCT Modernization program. By 2017, the Brigade
United_States_Army
Computer-based technologies
was programmable, it was not general-purpose, being designed to perform only a single task. It could not also store its program in memory; programming was
Information_technology
Formal language and associated computer program
Metamath is a formal language and an associated computer program (a proof assistant) for archiving and verifying mathematical proofs. Several databases
Metamath
The following is a list of programs currently distributed to public television stations (including PBS affiliates) through American Public Television.
List of programs distributed by American Public Television
List_of_programs_distributed_by_American_Public_Television
Mathematics award
Mathematiche [Mathematical Lives: Protagonists of the Twentieth Century From Hilbert to Wiles] (2011 ed.). Springer. pp. 2013–2014. ISBN 978-3642136054. "Fields
Fields_Medal
GPU microarchitecture designed by Nvidia
used ethernet for $1B". TweakTown. Retrieved April 16, 2024. Hagedoom, Hilbert (March 18, 2024). "Nvidia B200 and GB200 AI GPUs Technical Overview: Unveiled
Blackwell_(microarchitecture)
unsolved problems in mathematics, these include: The sixth problem of 1900 Hilbert's problems about the axiomatization of physics, the problem is either ill-defined
List of unsolved problems in physics
List_of_unsolved_problems_in_physics
Australian and American mathematician (born 1975)
children in the history of the Johns Hopkins Study of Exceptional Talent program to have achieved a score of 700 or greater on the SAT math section while
Terence_Tao
Computer algebra system
preparation. Jesús A. De_Loera cites Normaliz among his favorite programs for computing Hilbert basis. Free and open-source software portal Comparison of computer
Normaliz
(born 1909) August 27 – William de Burgh (born 1866) Zach, Richard. "Hilbert's Program". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP). Retrieved 19 February
1943_in_philosophy
Unsolved problem in computer science
Note: "Program number M" is the program obtained by // writing the integer M in binary, then // considering that string of bits to be a // program. Every
P_versus_NP_problem
German-born theoretical physicist (1879–1955)
seventeen, he enrolled in the mathematics and physics teaching diploma program at the Swiss federal polytechnic school in Zurich, graduating in 1900.
Albert_Einstein
reasoning from antiquity to the present led to the development of the programmable digital computer in the 1940s, a machine predicated on abstract mathematical
History of artificial intelligence
History_of_artificial_intelligence
December 19, 2024. Cordero, Rosy (May 9, 2024). "Telemundo Sets 2024–25 Programming Slate: 'El Señor De Los Cielos' Spinoff, 'Señora Acero' Reboot, La Casa
List of reality television show franchises (A–G)
List_of_reality_television_show_franchises_(A–G)
Campaign of the web series Critical Role
'Alpha' Subscription VOD Launch Plans, With Nerdist and Geek & Sundry Programming Slate". Variety. Archived from the original on December 14, 2019. Retrieved
Critical_Role_campaign_one
Measure of algorithmic complexity
a piece of text, is the length of a shortest computer program (in a predetermined programming language) that produces the object as output. It is a measure
Kolmogorov_complexity
Numbers obtained by adding the two previous ones
numbers can be defined by a Diophantine equation, which led to his solving Hilbert's tenth problem. The Fibonacci numbers are also an example of a complete
Fibonacci_sequence
Australian television producer, screenwriter
Australia. Retrieved 28 April 2025. DEADHOUSE (28 June 2015). Thea Riley Tim Hilberts - CLEAR THE AURA Music Video [AIRLOCK]. Retrieved 28 April 2025 – via YouTube
Enzo_Tedeschi
Description of a quantum-mechanical system
a separable complex Hilbert space H {\displaystyle {\mathcal {H}}} . This vector is postulated to be normalized under the Hilbert space's inner product
Schrödinger_equation
American basketball player (born 2002)
class by ESPN. He received offers from many NCAA Division I basketball programs, including Arizona, Florida State, and USC before turning 15 years old
Jalen_Green
debut 2014 Chef Riva Boychoir Carvelle The Cobbler Abraham Simkin 2015 The Program Bob Hamman 2016 Kung Fu Panda: Secrets of the Scroll Master Shifu & Warrior
Dustin_Hoffman_filmography
Species of bivalve
n/a. doi:10.1029/2004GL019440. S2CID 15853307. Bates, Dawn; Hess, Thom; Hilbert, Vi (1994). Lushootseed Dictionary. Seattle: University of Washington Press
Geoduck
HILBERTS PROGRAM
HILBERTS PROGRAM
Male
French
Norman French form of German Hilbert, ILBERT means "battle-bright."
Male
German
Contracted form of German Hildebert, HILBERT means "battle-bright."
Male
Italian
Italian form of Latin Filbertus, FILBERTO means "very bright."
Male
Spanish
Spanish form of Latin Gilebertus, GILBERTO means "pledge-bright."
Female
French
Variant spelling of French Gileberte, GILBERTE means "pledge-bright."
Male
English
Variant spelling of English Delbert, DILBERT means "bright nobility."
Female
Spanish
Feminine form of Spanish Gilberto, GILBERTA means "pledge-bright."
Boy/Male
American, Australian, French, German, Portuguese, Spanish, Swiss, Teutonic
Illustrious Pledge; Shining Pledge; Pledge; Bright Promise; Spanish Form of Gilbert Hostage
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a Middle English personal name Holbert, which according to Reaney is probably a survival of an unrecorded Old English name Holdbeorht, composed of the Germanic elements hold ‘friendly’, ‘gracious’, or ‘loyal’ + berht ‘bright’, ‘famous’.
Girl/Female
German Teutonic Scottish
Hostage.
Boy/Male
English
Son of Gilbert.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Hilbert.
Male
English
English form of Latin Filbertus, FILBERT means "very bright."
Surname or Lastname
English (of Norman origin), French, and North German
English (of Norman origin), French, and North German : from Giselbert, a Norman personal name composed of the Germanic elements gīsil ‘pledge’, ‘hostage’, ‘noble youth’ (see Giesel) + berht ‘bright’, ‘famous’. This personal name enjoyed considerable popularity in England during the Middle Ages, partly as a result of the fame of St. Gilbert of Sempringham (1085–1189), the founder of the only native English monastic order.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : Americanized form of one or more like-sounding Jewish surnames.The Devon family of Gilbert can be traced to Geoffrey Gilbert (died 1349), who represented Totnes in Parliament in 1326. His descendants included Sir Humphrey Gilbert (died 1583), who discovered Newfoundland.
Male
English
English form of Old French Gilebert, GILBERT means "pledge-bright."Â
Girl/Female
Teutonic
Hostage.
Surname or Lastname
English and German
English and German : from a Germanic personal name, Holbert, Hulbert, composed of the elements hold, huld ‘friendly’, ‘gracious’ + berht ‘bright’, ‘famous’.German (Hülbert) : topographic name for someone living by a pool or small pond, from Old High German huliwa ‘pool’.
Surname or Lastname
English, French, Dutch, and German
English, French, Dutch, and German : from a Germanic personal name composed of the elements hild ‘strife’, ‘battle’ + berht ‘bright’, ‘famous’.
Male
French
Variant spelling of French Philibert, PHILBERT means "very bright."
Male
Scottish
Variant spelling of Scottish Gaelic Ailbeart, AILBERT means "bright nobility."
HILBERTS PROGRAM
HILBERTS PROGRAM
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for a worker in wool, Middle English woll (Old English wull).English : in southwestern England, a topographic name for someone who lived by a spring or stream, from Middle English wolle, wulle ‘spring’, ‘stream’, a western dialect development of Old English (West Saxon) wiell(a).Americanized form of French Houle.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
King of Study
Girl/Female
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
One who Grows with Prosperity
Girl/Female
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Guru's Word
Girl/Female
Hindu
Goddess Durga, Calm
Girl/Female
Muslim
Lavender
Boy/Male
Sikh
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Rich Girl
Girl/Female
Biblical
Lily, rose, joy, flax.
Girl/Female
Australian, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, German
Whole; Army Man; Messenger
HILBERTS PROGRAM
HILBERTS PROGRAM
HILBERTS PROGRAM
HILBERTS PROGRAM
HILBERTS PROGRAM
n.
A sieve of filberts, -- about fifty pounds.
n.
Anything that is scattered abroad in great numbers as a theatrical programme, an advertising leaf, etc.
n.
A printed programme of a play, with the parts assigned to the actors.
pl.
of Programma
n.
Any law, which, after it had passed the Athenian senate, was fixed on a tablet for public inspection previously to its being proposed to the general assembly of the people.
n.
An edict published for public information; an official bulletin; a public proclamation.
n.
The fruit of the Corylus Avellana or hazel. It is an oval nut, containing a kernel that has a mild, farinaceous, oily taste, agreeable to the palate.
n.
A published note, containing a brief statement, explanation, request, expression of thanks, or the like; as, to put a card in the newspapers. Also, a printed programme, and (fig.), an attraction or inducement; as, this will be a good card for the last day of the fair.
a.
Having fruit inclosed within a covering that does not form a part of itself; as, the filbert covered by its husk, or the acorn seated in its cupule.
n.
A preface.
n.
A cuplet or little cup, as of the acorn; the husk or bur of the filbert, chestnut, etc.
n.
An elaborate instrumental composition for a full orchestra, consisting usually, like the sonata, of three or four contrasted yet inwardly related movements, as the allegro, the adagio, the minuet and trio, or scherzo, and the finale in quick time. The term has recently been applied to large orchestral works in freer form, with arguments or programmes to explain their meaning, such as the "symphonic poems" of Liszt. The term was formerly applied to any composition for an orchestra, as overtures, etc., and still earlier, to certain compositions partly vocal, partly instrumental.
n.
See Programme.
n.
Same as Programme.
a.
In the form of four unhusked filberts; as, an avellane cross.
n.
A shrub or small tree of the genus Corylus, as the C. avellana, bearing a nut containing a kernel of a mild, farinaceous taste; the filbert. The American species are C. Americana, which produces the common hazelnut, and C. rostrata. See Filbert.
n.
The fruit of certain trees and shrubs (as of the almond, walnut, hickory, beech, filbert, etc.), consisting of a hard and indehiscent shell inclosing a kernel.
a.
Of or pertaining to Micronesia, a collective designation of the islands in the western part of the Pacific Ocean, embracing the Marshall and Gilbert groups, the Ladrones, the Carolines, etc.
n.
That which is written or printed as a public notice or advertisement; a scheme; a prospectus; especially, a brief outline or explanation of the order to be pursued, or the subjects embraced, in any public exercise, performance, or entertainment; a preliminary sketch.
v. t.
A list of candidates, prepared for nomination or for election; a list of candidates, or a programme of action, devised beforehand.