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Human retrovirus, cause of AIDS
Human immunodeficiency viruses (HIVs) are two species of Lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that infect humans. Over time, they cause acquired immunodeficiency
HIV
Spectrum of conditions caused by HIV infection
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that attacks the immune system. Without treatment, it can lead to a spectrum of conditions including
HIV/AIDS
The global pandemic of HIV/AIDS (human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) began in 1981, and is an ongoing worldwide
Epidemiology_of_HIV/AIDS
False belief that HIV does not cause AIDS
HIV/AIDS denialism is the belief, despite evidence to the contrary, that the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) does not cause acquired immune deficiency
HIV/AIDS_denialism
HIV/AIDS epidemic in the United States
caused by the emergence and spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), developed in the United States between the 1970s and 1980s. It was first
HIV/AIDS_in_the_United_States
There are two types of HIV: HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is more virulent, more easily transmitted, and the cause of the vast majority of HIV infections globally
History_of_HIV/AIDS
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up HIV or hiv in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. HIV, or human immunodeficiency virus, is a retrovirus that causes AIDS. HIV or hiv may also refer
HIV_(disambiguation)
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes AIDS, varies in prevalence from countries. Listed here are the prevalence rates among adults in various
HIV_adult_prevalence_rate
Variants of the human immunodeficiency virus
There are two main subtypes of HIV, known as HIV type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV type 2 (HIV-2). These subtypes have distinct genetic differences and are associated
Subtypes_of_HIV
The management of HIV/AIDS normally includes the use of multiple antiretroviral drugs as a strategy to control HIV infection. There are several classes
Management_of_HIV/AIDS
HIV-infected mothers is the practice of breastfeeding of HIV-infected mothers and include those who may want to or are currently breastfeeding. HIV can
Breastfeeding_and_HIV
HIV virus and about 40.1 million [33.6–48.6 million] people have died of HIV. Globally, 38.4 million [33.9–43.8 million] people were living with HIV at
List_of_HIV-positive_people
HIV/AIDS originated in the early 20th century and remains a significant public health challenge, particularly in Africa. Although Africa constitutes about
HIV/AIDS_in_Africa
Multiple strains of HIV in one person
HIV superinfection (also called HIV reinfection) is a condition in which a person with an established human immunodeficiency virus infection acquires
HIV_superinfection
This is a timeline of HIV/AIDS, including but not limited to cases before 1980. Researchers estimate that some time in the early 20th century, a form
Timeline_of_HIV/AIDS
Internet top-level domain
.hiv is a generic top-level domain (gTLD) proposed by the Berlin-based nonprofit dotHIV and owned by Uniregistry as of September 2014. It is the first
.hiv
circumcision reduces the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission from HIV positive women to men in high risk populations. In 2020, the World
Circumcision_and_HIV
American governmental health website
HIV.gov, formerly known as AIDS.gov, is an internet portal for all United States federal domestic HIV and AIDS resources and information. On World AIDS
HIV.gov
Infectious disease
countries. People living with HIV have a significantly higher risk of developing tuberculosis (TB) compared to those without HIV. HIV weakens the immune system
Tuberculosis
resistance to HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. The main mechanism is a mutation of the gene encoding CCR5, which acts as a co-receptor for HIV. It is estimated
Innate_resistance_to_HIV
Occupational safety and health issue in the sex industry
(STIs). Since the 1980s many cases of pornographic performers contracting HIV/AIDS have been reported. However, since the mid-2000s strict adherence to
Sexually transmitted infections in the pornography industry
Sexually_transmitted_infections_in_the_pornography_industry
The signs and symptoms of HIV infection vary across the three stages of infection: acute infection, latency, and AIDS. Acute infection (also known as
Signs and symptoms of HIV/AIDS
Signs_and_symptoms_of_HIV/AIDS
Public health issue in Vietnam
faces a concentrated HIV epidemic among high-risk groups, including sex workers and intravenous drug users. There are cases of HIV/AIDS in all provinces
HIV/AIDS_in_Vietnam
Behavioral category
study and communicate the spread of sexually transmitted infections such as HIV/AIDS between all sexually active males, not strictly those identifying as
Men_who_have_sex_with_men
HIV/AIDS in Nigeria was a concern in the 2000s, when an estimated seven million people had HIV/AIDS. In 2008, the HIV prevalence rate among adults aged
HIV/AIDS_in_Nigeria
In-progress vaccinations that may prevent or treat HIV infections
infected with HIV or treat HIV-infected individuals. It is thought that an HIV vaccine could either induce an immune response against HIV (active vaccination
HIV_vaccine_development
Eye disease in HIV/AIDS
HIV retinopathy, also known as AIDS retinopathy, HIV microvasculopathy or Noninfectious retinal microvasculopathy, is an eye condition associated with
HIV_retinopathy
HIV drug resistance occurs when microevolution causes virions to become tolerant to antiretroviral treatments (ART). ART can be used to successfully manage
HIV_drug_resistance
Stage of HIV infection
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has the capability to enter a latent stage of infection where it exists as a dormant provirus in CD4+ T-cells. Most
HIV_latency
People infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
HIV-positive people, seropositive people or people who live with HIV are people infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a retrovirus which
HIV-positive_people
Infection transmitted through human sexual behavior
gonorrhea, and syphilis. Viral STIs include genital warts, genital herpes, and HIV/AIDS. Parasitic STIs include trichomoniasis. Most STIs, such as syphilis
Sexually transmitted infection
Sexually_transmitted_infection
Immunological test
HIV tests are used to detect the presence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that can lead to AIDS, in serum, saliva, or urine. Such
Diagnosis_of_HIV/AIDS
HIV prevention strategy using preventative medication for HIV-negative individuals
have HIV/AIDS. PrEP is one of a number of HIV prevention strategies for people who are HIV-negative but who have a higher risk of acquiring HIV, including
Pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention
Pre-exposure_prophylaxis_for_HIV_prevention
estimated to be HIV-positive, Bangladesh is a low HIV-prevalence country. The country faces a concentrated epidemic, and its very low HIV-prevalence rate
HIV/AIDS_in_Bangladesh
HIV/AIDS is growing issue in Guinea, with an overall HIV prevalence of greater than 1% at present. Around have of all government ministries have designed
HIV/AIDS_in_Guinea
HIV/AIDS in Bhutan remains a relatively rare disease among its population. It has, however, grown into an issue of national concern since Bhutan's first
HIV/AIDS_in_Bhutan
major social and health issue in the country. In 2005, the estimated adult HIV prevalence rate in Burma was 1.3% (200,000–570,000 people), according to
HIV/AIDS_in_Myanmar
HIV transmission route
HIV in pregnancy is the presence of an HIV/AIDS infection in a woman while she is pregnant. There is a risk of HIV transmission from mother to child in
HIV_and_pregnancy
HIV/AIDS in Russia is described by some researchers as an epidemic. The first cases of human immunodeficiency virus infection were recorded in the USSR
HIV/AIDS_in_Russia
were living with HIV. Laos currently faces a concentrated epidemic with an adult HIV prevalence of 0.42 percent as of 2024. The low HIV prevalence does
HIV/AIDS_in_Laos
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection experienced in Uganda during the 1980s and early 1990s created an urgent need for people to know their HIV status. The only
HIV/AIDS_in_Uganda
People living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) face prejudice, fear, rejection, and stigmatization. Marginalized, at-risk groups such as members of the LGBTQ+ community
Discrimination against people with HIV/AIDS
Discrimination_against_people_with_HIV/AIDS
Botswana is experiencing one of the most severe HIV/AIDS epidemics in the world. The national HIV prevalence rate among adults ages 15 to 49 is 24.8 percent
HIV/AIDS_in_Botswana
Initial events and trends in the discussion of HIV and AIDS in mass media contributed to the stigma and discrimination against those affected with the
Media_portrayal_of_HIV/AIDS
Intentional or reckless infection of a person with the human immunodeficiency virus
Criminal transmission of HIV is the intentional or reckless infection of a person with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This is often conflated
Criminal_transmission_of_HIV
Health concern in South Africa
HIV/AIDS is one of the most serious health concerns in South Africa. South Africa has the highest number of people afflicted with HIV of any country,
HIV/AIDS_in_South_Africa
Class of HIV/AIDS drugs
In the management of HIV/AIDS, HIV capsid inhibitors are antiretroviral medicines that target the capsid shell of the virus. This is in contrast to other
HIV_capsid_inhibition
Antiretroviral medication
(AZT), was the first antiretroviral medication used to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS. It is generally recommended for use in combination with other antiretrovirals
Zidovudine
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection is a multi-faceted, chronic condition that significantly impacts public health
Hepatitis C and HIV coinfection
Hepatitis_C_and_HIV_coinfection
Misinformation about the HIV/AIDS and its spread
worldwide living with HIV/AIDS, with 1.8 million new HIV infections per year and 1 million deaths due to AIDS. Misconceptions about HIV and AIDS arise from
Misconceptions_about_HIV/AIDS
Cell type in which HIV infects and replicates
HIV tropism refers to the cell type in which the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infects and replicates. HIV tropism of a patient's virus is measured
HIV_tropism
HIV exceptionalism is the term given to the trend to treat HIV/AIDS in law and policy differently from other diseases, including other sexually transmitted
HIV_exceptionalism
Gene variant
receptor on the surface of immune cells, conferring strong resistance to HIV-1 infection in individuals who inherit two copies of the mutation (homozygotes)
CCR5-Δ32
prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Cambodia is among the highest in Asia. Although Cambodia is one of the poorest countries in the world, extensive HIV prevention
HIV/AIDS_in_Cambodia
The co-epidemic of tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is one of the major global health challenges in the present time. The World
Tuberculosis in relation to HIV
Tuberculosis_in_relation_to_HIV
Cases of HIV/AIDS in Peru are considered to have reached the level of a concentrated epidemic. In a population-based survey conducted in Peru’s 24 largest
HIV/AIDS_in_Peru
In Western Europe, the routes of transmission of HIV are diverse, including paid sex, sex between men, intravenous drugs, mother to child transmission
HIV/AIDS_in_Europe
population estimated to be HIV-positive, Egypt is a low-HIV-prevalence country. However, between the years 2006 and 2011, HIV prevalence rates in Egypt
HIV/AIDS_in_Egypt
caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Individuals with HIV have what is referred to as a "HIV infection". When infected semen, vaginal secretions
HIV_integration
HIV functional cure without medication
HIV remission is a clinical state in which an individual diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) maintains plasma viral loads below the limit
HIV_remission
With an estimated 120,000 people living with HIV/AIDS, the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Colombia is consistent with the epidemic in much of Latin America as a
HIV/AIDS_in_Colombia
HIV/AIDS in China can be traced to an initial outbreak of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) first recognized in 1989 among injecting drug users along
HIV/AIDS_in_China
HIV/AIDS in Bolivia has a less than 1 percent prevalence of Bolivia's adult population estimated to be HIV-positive. Bolivia has one of the lowest HIV
HIV/AIDS_in_Bolivia
HIV/AIDS in Eswatini was first reported in 1986 but has since reached epidemic proportions. As of 2016, Eswatini had the highest prevalence of HIV among
HIV/AIDS_in_Eswatini
Rejected AIDS origin hypotheses
about purported alternative origins for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), with claims ranging from
Discredited HIV/AIDS origins theories
Discredited_HIV/AIDS_origins_theories
living with HIV/AIDS in 2016 (or an approximately 2.1 percent prevalence rate among adults aged 15–49), Haiti has the most overall cases of HIV/AIDS in the
HIV/AIDS_in_Haiti
Intentional or reckless infection of a person with HIV
criminal transmission of HIV in the United States varies among jurisdictions. More than thirty of the fifty U.S. states have prosecuted HIV-positive individuals
Criminal transmission of HIV in the United States
Criminal_transmission_of_HIV_in_the_United_States
HIV among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM)
spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the United States between the 1970s and 1980s, the HIV/AIDS epidemic has frequently been linked to
HIV and men who have sex with men
HIV_and_men_who_have_sex_with_men
United Nations organization
The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS; French: Programme commun des Nations Unies sur le VIH/sida, ONUSIDA) is the main advocate
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS
Joint_United_Nations_Programme_on_HIV/AIDS
Specialized agency of the United Nations
Ebola vaccine. Its current priorities include communicable diseases, such as HIV/AIDS, Ebola, malaria and tuberculosis; non-communicable diseases such as
World_Health_Organization
Broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies (bNAbs) are neutralizing antibodies which neutralize multiple HIV-1 viral strains. bNAbs are unique in that they
Broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies
Broadly_neutralizing_HIV-1_antibodies
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) first came to attention in the 1980s in the United States, followed by global interest in the years that followed.
HIV/AIDS_in_Japan
adult HIV prevalence rates in sub‑Saharan Africa, around 0.5%. As of 2024, it is estimated that 90,000 adults and children are living with HIV in Madagascar
HIV/AIDS_in_Madagascar
Overview of international circumcision rates
HIV/AIDS have been promoting a higher rate of circumcision prevalence as a prevention against HIV transmission and some STIs in areas with high HIV transmission
Prevalence_of_circumcision
Atlanta has a high prevalence of HIV infection, particularly in African Americans. In 2021, there were around 39,172 HIV positive people living in Atlanta
HIV/AIDS_in_Atlanta
2010 album by Alexandra Pajak
of HIV: Music Transcribed from DNA is a composition and album by Alexandra Pajak. The work is a musical adaptation of the genetic material of HIV/AIDS
Sounds_of_HIV
Medical condition
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are neurological disorders associated with HIV infection and AIDS. It is a syndrome of progressive deterioration
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder
HIV-associated_neurocognitive_disorder
People living with HIV/AIDS face increased challenges in maintaining proper nutrition. Despite developments in medical treatment, nutrition remains a
Nutritional challenges of HIV/AIDS
Nutritional_challenges_of_HIV/AIDS
Sexual activity involving stimulation of the genitalia by use of the mouth
infections (STIs). However, the transmission risk for oral sex, especially HIV transmission, is significantly lower than for vaginal or anal sex. Oral sex
Oral_sex
Kenya has a severe, generalized HIV epidemic – currently the 7th highest globally – with an HIV prevalence of 4.3% amongst adults aged 15 - 49 in 2023
HIV/AIDS_in_Kenya
Academic journal
HIV/AIDS: Research and Palliative Care is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering HIV and its treatment. The journal was established in 2009 and is published
HIV/AIDS: Research and Palliative Care
HIV/AIDS:_Research_and_Palliative_Care
The Philippines has one of the highest rates of infection of HIV/AIDS, and is one of the fastest growing number of cases worldwide. The Philippines is
HIV/AIDS_in_the_Philippines
a large HIV/AIDS infected population, however, it has one of the lowest prevalence rates in the Southern Africa zone. The status of the HIV/AIDS epidemic
HIV/AIDS_in_Angola
Controversy in Libya
The HIV trial in Libya (or Bulgarian nurses affair) concerns the trials, appeals and eventual release of six foreign medical workers charged with conspiring
HIV_trial_in_Libya
Species of retrovirus
into humans, resulting in HIV-2 and HIV-1 respectively, the two HIV viruses. The most likely route of transmission of HIV-1 to humans involves contact
Simian_immunodeficiency_virus
were living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Asia's epidemic peaked in the mid-1990s, and annual HIV incidence has declined since then by more than
HIV/AIDS_in_Asia
HIV-1 regulating protein
Rev is a transactivating protein that is essential to the regulation of HIV-1 (and other lentiviral) protein expression. A nuclear localization signal
Rev_(HIV)
Components of human immunodeficiency virus
The genome and proteins of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) have been the subject of extensive research since the discovery of the virus in 1983. "In
Structure_and_genome_of_HIV
were living with HIV/AIDS in 2008. In 2009 the adult prevalence of HIV was 1.3%. As of 2016, Thailand had the highest prevalence of HIV in Southeast Asia
HIV/AIDS_in_Thailand
an estimated 15 percent of the population living below the poverty line. HIV/AIDS is one of the key challenges for the overall development of Ethiopia
HIV/AIDS_in_Ethiopia
Protein family
molecular biology, Tat is a protein that is encoded for by the tat gene in HIV-1. Tat is a regulatory protein that drastically enhances the efficiency of
Tat_(HIV)
United States governmental initiative
is the global health funding by the United States to address the global HIV/AIDS epidemic and help save the lives of those suffering from the disease
President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief
President's_Emergency_Plan_for_AIDS_Relief
Infection of the central nervous system in a patient with syphilis
modern antibiotics, the majority of neurosyphilis cases have been reported in HIV-infected patients. Neurosyphilis may present a variety of symptoms that depend
Neurosyphilis
American actor (born 1978)
and human rights in the LGBTQ community; and through his portrayal of the HIV-positive character Eddie in the second season of the HBO series Looking,
Daniel_Franzese
HIV/AIDS in India is an epidemic. The National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO) estimated that 3.14 million people lived with HIV/AIDS in India in 2023
HIV/AIDS_in_India
American basketball player and entrepreneur (born 1959)
Johnson retired abruptly in 1991 after announcing that he had contracted HIV, but returned to play in the 1992 All-Star Game, winning the All-Star MVP
Magic_Johnson
is estimated that there are 1.5 million adults and children living with HIV/AIDS in North America, excluding Central America and the Caribbean. 70,000
HIV/AIDS_in_North_America
The Canadian Association for HIV Research (CAHR) is an organization that represents HIV/AIDS research in Canada or by Canadians. CAHR includes all researchers
Canadian Association for HIV Research
Canadian_Association_for_HIV_Research
HIV/AIDS in Lesotho constitutes a very serious threat to Basotho and to Lesotho's economic development. Since its initial detection in 1986, HIV/AIDS has
HIV/AIDS_in_Lesotho
Field of immunology research
HIV/AIDS research includes all medical research that attempts to prevent, treat, or cure HIV/AIDS, as well as fundamental research about the nature of
HIV/AIDS_research
HIV
HIV
Surname or Lastname
English, German, Danish, and Swedish
English, German, Danish, and Swedish : nickname or byname for someone of a frosty or gloomy temperament, from Middle English, Middle High German, Danish, Swedish winter (Old English winter, Old High German wintar, Old Norse vetr). The Swedish name can be ornamental.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : from German Winter ‘winter’, either an ornamental name or one of the group of names denoting the seasons, which were distributed at random by government officials. Compare Summer, Fruhling, and Herbst.Irish : Anglicized form ( part translation) of Gaelic Mac Giolla-Gheimhridh ‘son of the lad of winter’, from geimhreadh ‘winter’. This name is also Anglicized McAlivery.Mistranslation of French Livernois, which is in fact a habitational name, but mistakenly construed as l’hiver ‘winter’.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Boy/Male
Tamil
Biblical
wicked; wickedness
Girl/Female
Biblical
Wicked, wickedness.
HIV
HIV
Boy/Male
Australian, Danish, German, Hebrew
Grim Bear; Bear; Courageous; Son of Comfort; Form of Bernard
Girl/Female
Gaelic
Devoted to God.
Boy/Male
English, French
Scholar; Occupational Name; Cleric
Girl/Female
Tamil
Goddess Parvati
Boy/Male
Hindu
Respectable
Girl/Female
Indian
Love and Pride
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Wind from the South
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Another Name of Vishnu
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, English
Wanderer; Adventurous
Boy/Male
German, Hebrew
Courageous and Praise
HIV
HIV
HIV
HIV
HIV
n.
A small house, hivel, or cabin; a mean lodge or dwelling; a slightly built or temporary structure.
imp. & p. p.
of Hive
n.
The croup.
v. t. v. t.
To drive or remove from a hive.
n.
An eruptive disease (Varicella globularis), allied to the chicken pox.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Hive
n.
A place swarming with busy occupants; a crowd.
n.
A thick mass or collection of hairs on the legs of bees, by aid of which they carry the collected pollen to the hive or nest; -- usually in the plural.
v. t.
To store up in a hive, as honey; hence, to gather and accumulate for future need; to lay up in store.
n.
Especially, a great number of honeybees which emigrate from a hive at once, and seek new lodgings under the direction of a queen; a like body of bees settled permanently in a hive.
n.
One who collects bees into a hive.
a.
Destitute of a hive.
n.
Any species of bee which has on the hind legs a brush of hairs used for collecting pollen, as the hive bees and bumblebees.
n.
A removable upper part of a hive. The word is sometimes contracted to super.
v. t.
To collect into a hive; to place in, or cause to enter, a hive; as, to hive a swarm of bees.
n.
The bees of one hive; a swarm of bees.
v. i.
To collect, and depart from a hive by flight in a body; -- said of bees; as, bees swarm in warm, clear days in summer.
n.
A box, basket, or other structure, for the reception and habitation of a swarm of honeybees.
n.
Any bee of the genus Apis, which lives in communities and collects honey, esp. the common domesticated hive bee (Apis mellifica), the Italian bee (A. ligustica), and the Arabiab bee (A. fasciata). The two latter are by many entomologists considered only varieties of the common hive bee. Each swarm of bees consists of a large number of workers (barren females), with, ordinarily, one queen or fertile female, but in the swarming season several young queens, and a number of males or drones, are produced.
v. i.
To take shelter or lodgings together; to reside in a collective body.