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Framework in logic and natural language semantics
Inquisitive semantics is a framework in logic and natural language semantics. In inquisitive semantics, the semantic content of a sentence captures both
Inquisitive_semantics
Request for information
resolved in discourse. In approaches to formal semantics such as alternative semantics or inquisitive semantics, questions are regarded as the denotations
Question
Bearer of truth values
questions and commands. For example, inquisitive semantics is a framework that treats questions as inquisitive propositions, which encode information
Proposition
Study of meaning in language
Semantics is the study of linguistic meaning. It examines what meaning is, how words get their meaning, and how the meaning of a complex expression depends
Semantics
Truth-based approach to semantics
pragmatics' instead of semantics. Formal semantics Montague grammar Proof-theoretic semantics Dynamic semantics Inquisitive semantics Alfred Tarski Davidson
Truth-conditional_semantics
Structured system of communication
connected to individual signs, morphemes, words, phrases, and texts is called semantics. The division of language into separate but connected systems of sign
Language
Formal study of linguistic meaning
syntax and semantics. Alternative semantics Discourse representation theory Frame semantics (linguistics) Inquisitive semantics Syntax–semantics interface
Formal semantics (natural language)
Formal_semantics_(natural_language)
Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath (384–322 BC)
Descriptivism Direct reference theory Dramatism Dynamic semantics Expressivism Inquisitive semantics Linguistic determinism Mediated reference theory Nominalism
Aristotle
Linguistic term for jargon of a group
Descriptivism Direct reference theory Dramatism Dynamic semantics Expressivism Inquisitive semantics Linguistic determinism Mediated reference theory Nominalism
Cant
English philosopher (1919–2006)
Descriptivism Direct reference theory Dramatism Dynamic semantics Expressivism Inquisitive semantics Linguistic determinism Mediated reference theory Nominalism
P._F._Strawson
Soviet psychologist (1896–1934)
Descriptivism Direct reference theory Dramatism Dynamic semantics Expressivism Inquisitive semantics Linguistic determinism Mediated reference theory Nominalism
Lev_Vygotsky
Approach to the semantics of logic that locates meaning in inferential role
"Proof-Theoretic Semantics for Intuitionistic Multiplicative Linear Logic". Studia Logica. Stafford, Will (2021). "Proof-Theoretic Semantics and Inquisitive Logic"
Proof-theoretic_semantics
Study of the semantics, or interpretations, of formal and natural languages
In logic, the semantics or formal semantics is the study of the meaning and interpretation of formal languages, formal systems, and (idealizations of)
Semantics_(logic)
1921 philosophical work by Ludwig Wittgenstein
Introduction to Non-Aristotelian Systems and General Semantics". The Institute of General Semantics Store. Archived from the original on 2011-08-11. Retrieved
Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
Tractatus_Logico-Philosophicus
Phenomenon in natural language
nonclassical frameworks such as dynamic semantics, linear logic, alternative semantics, and inquisitive semantics. Others have proposed ways of deriving
Free_choice_inference
English philosopher and political theorist (1588–1679)
Descriptivism Direct reference theory Dramatism Dynamic semantics Expressivism Inquisitive semantics Linguistic determinism Mediated reference theory Nominalism
Thomas_Hobbes
Entity whose presence indicates the probable existence of something else
Descriptivism Direct reference theory Dramatism Dynamic semantics Expressivism Inquisitive semantics Linguistic determinism Mediated reference theory Nominalism
Sign
French philosopher (1930–2004)
Descriptivism Direct reference theory Dramatism Dynamic semantics Expressivism Inquisitive semantics Linguistic determinism Mediated reference theory Nominalism
Jacques_Derrida
Dutch logician, linguist and philosopher
focused on studying and developing the recently founded framework of inquisitive semantics. He was briefly the director of the Institute for Logic, Language
Jeroen_Groenendijk
Austrian philosopher and logician (1889–1951)
Descriptivism Direct reference theory Dramatism Dynamic semantics Expressivism Inquisitive semantics Linguistic determinism Mediated reference theory Nominalism
Ludwig_Wittgenstein
Hypothesis of language influencing thought
"The Semiotic Aspect of Alfred Korzybski's General Semantics" (PDF). ETC: A Review of General Semantics. 1. 40 (1). JSTOR: 16–21. doi:10.5840/cpsem19828
Linguistic_relativity
Framework in formal semantics and logic
to natural language semantics Question – Request for information Squiggle operator – Linguistic formalism Inquisitive semantics – Framework in logic
Alternative_semantics
Sense or significance of an entity
sentence meaning, and utterance meaning, studied by lexical semantics, phrasal semantics, and pragmatics, respectively. Word meaning concerns the semantic
Meaning_(philosophy)
Branch of philosophy
Descriptivism Direct reference theory Dramatism Dynamic semantics Expressivism Inquisitive semantics Linguistic determinism Mediated reference theory Nominalism
Philosophy_of_information
System of names or terms in a particular field of arts or sciences
as well as the relationship between names, their referents, meanings (semantics), and the structure of language. Modern scientific taxonomy has been described
Nomenclature
Chinese philosopher (c. 551 – c. 479 BCE)
Descriptivism Direct reference theory Dramatism Dynamic semantics Expressivism Inquisitive semantics Linguistic determinism Mediated reference theory Nominalism
Confucius
Property or quality connoted by a word, phrase, or another symbol
treat the use of signs—for example, in linguistics, logic, mathematics, semantics, semiotics, and philosophy of language—an intension is any property or
Intension
Words expressing a complete thought
Descriptivism Direct reference theory Dramatism Dynamic semantics Expressivism Inquisitive semantics Linguistic determinism Mediated reference theory Nominalism
Sentence_(linguistics)
Principle in linguistics about meaning
In semantics, mathematical logic and related disciplines, the principle of compositionality (also known as semantic compositionalism) is the principle
Principle_of_compositionality
American linguist (1897–1941)
insight. One of these was Polish philosopher Alfred Korzybski's General semantics, which was espoused in the US by Stuart Chase. Chase admired Whorf's work
Benjamin_Lee_Whorf
Branch of philosophy
sentences are addressed in the field of linguistics of syntax. Philosophical semantics tends to focus on the principle of compositionality to explain the relationship
Philosophy_of_language
British philosopher of language (1913–1988)
pragmatics. His work on meaning has also influenced the philosophical study of semantics. Born in Birmingham, Grice was educated at Clifton College and then at
Paul_Grice
German polymath (1646–1716)
Descriptivism Direct reference theory Dramatism Dynamic semantics Expressivism Inquisitive semantics Linguistic determinism Mediated reference theory Nominalism
Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz
Art of persuasion
Descriptivism Direct reference theory Dramatism Dynamic semantics Expressivism Inquisitive semantics Linguistic determinism Mediated reference theory Nominalism
Rhetoric
Branch of linguistics and semiotics relating context to meaning
communication. Theories of pragmatics are closely linked to theories of semantics, which studies aspects of meaning, and syntax, which examines sentence
Pragmatics
French philosopher (1859–1941)
Descriptivism Direct reference theory Dramatism Dynamic semantics Expressivism Inquisitive semantics Linguistic determinism Mediated reference theory Nominalism
Henri_Bergson
British philosopher (1900–1976)
Descriptivism Direct reference theory Dramatism Dynamic semantics Expressivism Inquisitive semantics Linguistic determinism Mediated reference theory Nominalism
Gilbert_Ryle
English philosopher (1911–1960)
Descriptivism Direct reference theory Dramatism Dynamic semantics Expressivism Inquisitive semantics Linguistic determinism Mediated reference theory Nominalism
J._L._Austin
Meta-ethical theory
Descriptivism Direct reference theory Dramatism Dynamic semantics Expressivism Inquisitive semantics Linguistic determinism Mediated reference theory Nominalism
Expressivism
Movement in Western philosophy
interpretations to those that are true interpretations. By reconstructing the semantics of scientific language, Carnap's thesis builds upon earlier research in
Logical_positivism
Austrian philosopher and author of novels, satires (1849–1923)
Descriptivism Direct reference theory Dramatism Dynamic semantics Expressivism Inquisitive semantics Linguistic determinism Mediated reference theory Nominalism
Fritz_Mauthner
Finnish and American philosopher and logician (1929–2015)
Hintikka is regarded as the founder of formal epistemic logic and of game semantics for logic. He was awarded the Rolf Schock Prize for philosophy in 2005
Jaakko_Hintikka
Concept in situation theory
Situation semantics is a framework in formal semantics and situation theory in which the meanings of linguistic expressions are evaluated with respect
Situation_semantics
Group of things derived from extensional or intensional definition
Descriptivism Direct reference theory Dramatism Dynamic semantics Expressivism Inquisitive semantics Linguistic determinism Mediated reference theory Nominalism
Class_(philosophy)
How clauses compose sentences in grammar and syntax
Descriptivism Direct reference theory Dramatism Dynamic semantics Expressivism Inquisitive semantics Linguistic determinism Mediated reference theory Nominalism
Sentence_clause_structure
Scientific study of language
and analysis are syntax (rules governing the structure of sentences), semantics (meaning), morphology (structure of words), phonetics (speech sounds and
Linguistics
English philosopher and logician (1872–1970)
September 2024. Retrieved 6 December 2016. Wettstein, Howard, "Frege-Russell Semantics?", Dialectica 44(1–2), 1990, pp. 113–135, esp. 115: "Russell maintains
Bertrand_Russell
Swiss linguist and philosopher (1857–1913)
conceptualisation, and later by the post-structuralists to criticise it. Cognitive semantics also diverges from Saussure on this point, emphasizing the importance
Ferdinand_de_Saussure
Logical connective OR
been analyzed using nonclassical logics such as alternative semantics and inquisitive semantics, which have also been adopted to explain the free choice
Logical_disjunction
American philosopher and logician (1940–2022)
now-standard Kripke semantics (also known as relational semantics or frame semantics) for modal logics. Kripke semantics is a formal semantics for non-classical
Saul_Kripke
Ancient Greek school of philosophical skepticism
Descriptivism Direct reference theory Dramatism Dynamic semantics Expressivism Inquisitive semantics Linguistic determinism Mediated reference theory Nominalism
Pyrrhonism
Philosophical theory by Bertrand Russell
MIT Press. ISBN 0262140454. Lepore, Ernie (2004). "Abuse of Context in Semantics". In Reimer, Marga; Bezuidenhout, Anne (eds.). Descriptions and Beyond
Theory_of_descriptions
Fundamental unit of cognition
Semantics". Semantics. De Gruyter Mouton. doi:10.1515/9783110226614.688. ISBN 978-3-110-22661-4. Jacobson, Pauline I. (2014). Compositional Semantics:
Concept
German philosopher (1900–2002)
Descriptivism Direct reference theory Dramatism Dynamic semantics Expressivism Inquisitive semantics Linguistic determinism Mediated reference theory Nominalism
Hans-Georg_Gadamer
Philosophy emphasizing names and labels
Descriptivism Direct reference theory Dramatism Dynamic semantics Expressivism Inquisitive semantics Linguistic determinism Mediated reference theory Nominalism
Nominalism
Intellectual current and methodological approach in the social science
Descriptivism Direct reference theory Dramatism Dynamic semantics Expressivism Inquisitive semantics Linguistic determinism Mediated reference theory Nominalism
Structuralism
Precisely specified semantic version of a statement
Descriptivism Direct reference theory Dramatism Dynamic semantics Expressivism Inquisitive semantics Linguistic determinism Mediated reference theory Nominalism
Logical_form
Mouton de Gruyter. Kortlandt, Frederik Herman Henri. 1998. Syntax and semantics in the history of Chinese, Journal of Intercultural Studies, 5: 167-176
Symbiosism
English philosopher (born 1964)
Descriptivism Direct reference theory Dramatism Dynamic semantics Expressivism Inquisitive semantics Linguistic determinism Mediated reference theory Nominalism
John_Hawthorne
Approach to semantics in analytic philosophy
Two-dimensionalism is an approach to semantics in analytic philosophy. It is a theory of how to determine the sense and reference of a word and the truth-value
Two-dimensionalism
Cant used by various peoples in English-speaking countries
Descriptivism Direct reference theory Dramatism Dynamic semantics Expressivism Inquisitive semantics Linguistic determinism Mediated reference theory Nominalism
Thieves'_cant
Philosophical belief that principles depend on societal agreements, not external reality
Descriptivism Direct reference theory Dramatism Dynamic semantics Expressivism Inquisitive semantics Linguistic determinism Mediated reference theory Nominalism
Conventionalism
Descriptivism Direct reference theory Dramatism Dynamic semantics Expressivism Inquisitive semantics Linguistic determinism Mediated reference theory Nominalism
Endowment_(philosophy)
American philosopher (1932–2025)
Descriptivism Direct reference theory Dramatism Dynamic semantics Expressivism Inquisitive semantics Linguistic determinism Mediated reference theory Nominalism
John_Searle
Overview of and topical guide to logic
Discourse representation theory Dynamic semantics Inquisitive semantics Montague grammar Situation semantics Concepts Compositionality Counterfactuals
Outline_of_logic
American philosopher (1917–2003)
Suppes and Sidney Siegel. Stanford: Stanford University Press. 1957. Semantics of Natural Language, co-edited with Gilbert Harman, 2nd ed. New York:
Donald_Davidson_(philosopher)
Idea of language as the principal framework in dictating human thought
to Non-Aristotelian Systems and General Semantics. Institute of General Semantics, 2005. "General semantics | philosophy". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived
Linguistic_determinism
German philosopher, theologian, poet (1744–1803)
Descriptivism Direct reference theory Dramatism Dynamic semantics Expressivism Inquisitive semantics Linguistic determinism Mediated reference theory Nominalism
Johann_Gottfried_Herder
American philosopher (born 1945)
Necessity' (2002). He is also a major critic of two-dimensionalist theories of semantics—see his Reference and Description: The Case against Two-Dimensionalism
Scott_Soames
German philosopher, logician, and mathematician (1848–1925)
essays by philosophers, grouped under three headings: 1. Ontology; 2. Semantics; and 3. Logic and Philosophy of Mathematics. Rosado Haddock, Guillermo
Gottlob_Frege
British philosopher (born 1958)
Location. In Situating Semantics: Essays in Honour of John Perry. MIT Press 2007, pp. 251–393. Pragmatism and Binding. In Semantics versus Pragmatics. Oxford
Stephen_Neale
Branch of medieval logic
Descriptivism Direct reference theory Dramatism Dynamic semantics Expressivism Inquisitive semantics Linguistic determinism Mediated reference theory Nominalism
Supposition_theory
British analytic philosopher (1919–2001)
Descriptivism Direct reference theory Dramatism Dynamic semantics Expressivism Inquisitive semantics Linguistic determinism Mediated reference theory Nominalism
G._E._M._Anscombe
Distinction in the philosophy of language
century this "Frege–Russell" view was the orthodox view of proper name semantics. Saul Kripke argued influentially against the descriptivist theory, asserting
Sense_and_reference
German-American philosopher (1891–1970)
model-theoretic method of semantics. Rose Rand, another philosopher in the Vienna Circle, noted, "Carnap's conception of semantics starts from the basis given
Rudolf_Carnap
American philosopher (1941–2001)
is most famous for his work in metaphysics, philosophy of language and semantics, in which his books On the Plurality of Worlds (1986) and Counterfactuals
David_Lewis_(philosopher)
Canadian-born American philosopher
Descriptivism Direct reference theory Dramatism Dynamic semantics Expressivism Inquisitive semantics Linguistic determinism Mediated reference theory Nominalism
Stephen_Yablo
Distinction between using a word and mentioning it
1992, Revised 21 October 1993, Published in ETC: A Review of General Semantics, Vol. 51 No 1, Spring 1994. (accessed: 26 August 2006). "The evolution
Use–mention_distinction
English philosopher (1910–1989)
Descriptivism Direct reference theory Dramatism Dynamic semantics Expressivism Inquisitive semantics Linguistic determinism Mediated reference theory Nominalism
A._J._Ayer
Position that the word God is not intelligible or meaningful
Descriptivism Direct reference theory Dramatism Dynamic semantics Expressivism Inquisitive semantics Linguistic determinism Mediated reference theory Nominalism
Theological_noncognitivism
Words and contextual actions which provide a complete meaning
Descriptivism Direct reference theory Dramatism Dynamic semantics Expressivism Inquisitive semantics Linguistic determinism Mediated reference theory Nominalism
Language_game_(philosophy)
Approach to understanding the relationship between text and meaning
Descriptivism Direct reference theory Dramatism Dynamic semantics Expressivism Inquisitive semantics Linguistic determinism Mediated reference theory Nominalism
Deconstruction
Organization of mental concepts
has been used at least since the 1960s from linguists of the structural semantics paradigm, by Jerrold Katz and Jerry Fodor in 1963, which in turn have
Cognitive_categorization
Philosophical theory
Descriptivism Direct reference theory Dramatism Dynamic semantics Expressivism Inquisitive semantics Linguistic determinism Mediated reference theory Nominalism
Cratylism
20th-century tradition of Western philosophy
possibility in her treatment of the Barcan formula. Kripke provided a semantics for modal logic; he and Barcan both argued identity is a necessary relation
Analytic_philosophy
Analytical philosophical view expounded by Bertrand Russell
Descriptivism Direct reference theory Dramatism Dynamic semantics Expressivism Inquisitive semantics Linguistic determinism Mediated reference theory Nominalism
Logical_atomism
American linguist and anthropologist (1884–1939)
1525/aa.1936.38.2.02a00040. Sapir, Edward (1944). "Grading: a study in semantics". Philosophy of Science. 11 (2): 93–116. doi:10.1086/286828. S2CID 120492809
Edward_Sapir
Bilingualism by learning two languages from birth
Descriptivism Direct reference theory Dramatism Dynamic semantics Expressivism Inquisitive semantics Linguistic determinism Mediated reference theory Nominalism
Simultaneous_bilingualism
Chinese philosopher (4th century BCE)
Descriptivism Direct reference theory Dramatism Dynamic semantics Expressivism Inquisitive semantics Linguistic determinism Mediated reference theory Nominalism
Zhuang_Zhou
1953 work by Ludwig Wittgenstein
Descriptivism Direct reference theory Dramatism Dynamic semantics Expressivism Inquisitive semantics Linguistic determinism Mediated reference theory Nominalism
Philosophical_Investigations
Medieval school of philosophy
Descriptivism Direct reference theory Dramatism Dynamic semantics Expressivism Inquisitive semantics Linguistic determinism Mediated reference theory Nominalism
Scholasticism
Utterance that serves a performative function
propositional content (given with classical semantics) and illocutionary force (given by intuitionistic semantics). Up to now the main basic formal applications
Speech_act
Differentiating and characterizing feature
paradox Identity of indiscernibles (or "Leibniz's law") Intension Opposite (semantics) Property (mathematics) Russell's paradox Similarity (philosophy) "Properties"
Property_(philosophy)
Entities that are said to be either true or false
meaningful-declarative-sentence-token. See e.g. Grice, Meaning, 1957 http://semantics.uchicago.edu/kennedy/classes/f09/semprag1/grice57.pdf Eternal Sentence:
Truth-bearer
Descriptivism Direct reference theory Dramatism Dynamic semantics Expressivism Inquisitive semantics Linguistic determinism Mediated reference theory Nominalism
List of philosophers of language
List_of_philosophers_of_language
Term in linguistics
that syntax is arbitrary and self-contained with respect to meaning: semantics, pragmatics, discourse function, and other factors external to language
Autonomy_of_syntax
Chinese Confucian philosopher (c. 310 – after 238 BCE)
Descriptivism Direct reference theory Dramatism Dynamic semantics Expressivism Inquisitive semantics Linguistic determinism Mediated reference theory Nominalism
Xunzi_(philosopher)
Hypothetical internal cognitive symbol that represents external reality
natural languages but on a much more abstract level, possess a syntax and semantics very much like those of natural languages. For the Portuguese logician
Mental_representation
Theory in philosophy of language
Harvard University Press, 1972. p. 27. Howard Wettstein, "Frege-Russell Semantics?", Dialectica 44(1–2), 1990, pp. 113–135, esp. 115: "Russell maintains
Direct_reference_theory
Principle of classical logic
problematic conclusion can be avoided within the framework of dynamic semantics, whose expressive power allows one to define a non-material conditional
Import–export_(logic)
travel, tourism, insurance
INQUISITIVE SEMANTICS
INQUISITIVE SEMANTICS
Surname or Lastname
German (also Rücker)
German (also Rücker) : nickname from Middle High German rucken ‘to move or draw’.North German : nickname from Middle Low German rucker ‘thief’, ‘greedy or acquisitive person’.German : from a reduced form of the Germanic personal name Rudiger.English : variant of Rocker.
Boy/Male
Arabic, British, Chinese, English, Indian, Muslim, Pashtun, Sindhi
The Tree of the Heaven; Strong; Inquisitive; Pure; Brave
INQUISITIVE SEMANTICS
INQUISITIVE SEMANTICS
INQUISITIVE SEMANTICS
INQUISITIVE SEMANTICS
INQUISITIVE SEMANTICS
INQUISITIVE SEMANTICS
INQUISITIVE SEMANTICS
travel, tourism, insurance