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JOHN CRAWFURD

  • John Crawfurd
  • British physician, colonial administrator, diplomat and writer (1783–1868)

    John Crawfurd FRS (13 August 1783 – 11 May 1868) was a Scottish physician, British colonial administrator, diplomat and writer who served as the second

    John Crawfurd

    John Crawfurd

    John_Crawfurd

  • Barony and Castle of Kilbirnie
  • Barony and castle west of the town of Kilbirnie in North Ayrshire, Scotland

    from the Crawfurds of Loudoun Castle. John Crawfurd married Margaret Blair, daughter of John Blair of that Ilk, and their son, John Crawfurd, married

    Barony and Castle of Kilbirnie

    Barony and Castle of Kilbirnie

    Barony_and_Castle_of_Kilbirnie

  • William Farquhar
  • Madras Army officer and colonial administrator (1774–1839)

    Farquhar's dismissal on 1 May 1823, to be succeeded as Resident by Dr John Crawfurd without the knowledge of Farquhar himself. He remained in Singapore

    William Farquhar

    William Farquhar

    William_Farquhar

  • The Singapore Chronicle
  • Newspaper (1824 to 1837)

    as the founding editor. A key contributor in its formative years was John Crawfurd, the 2nd Resident of Singapore, who played a significant role in shaping

    The Singapore Chronicle

    The Singapore Chronicle

    The_Singapore_Chronicle

  • Sir John Crawfurd, 1st Baronet
  • Scottish landowner and politician (c. 1619-1662)

    Sir John Crawfurd, 1st Baronet, of Kilbirnie (c. 1619 – 1662) was a Scottish landowner and politician. Crawfurd, a member of Clan Crawford, was the eldest

    Sir John Crawfurd, 1st Baronet

    Sir_John_Crawfurd,_1st_Baronet

  • Crawfurd
  • Surname list

    Crawfurd, a variant of Crawford, is a surname. Notable people with the name include: Archibald Crawfurd (1785–1843), Scottish poet George Crawfurd (also

    Crawfurd

    Crawfurd

  • Founding years of modern Singapore
  • 1819 British colonial establishment

    is signed". HistorySG. National Library Board. Bastin, John. "Malayan Portraits: John Crawfurd", in Malaya, vol.3 (December 1954), pp.697–698. J C M Khoo;

    Founding years of modern Singapore

    Founding years of modern Singapore

    Founding_years_of_modern_Singapore

  • Sir Hew Crawfurd, 2nd Baronet
  • Sir Hew Crawfurd, 2nd Baronet (1718 – 2 July 1794) was a Scottish baronet. Crawfurd was born in 1718. He was the son of Hew Crawfurd of Jordanhill (c. 1690–1756)

    Sir Hew Crawfurd, 2nd Baronet

    Sir_Hew_Crawfurd,_2nd_Baronet

  • Noble savage
  • Stock character

    physician John Crawfurd and anthropologist James Hunt used the noble savage in their scientific racism project. As polygenists, Crawfurd and Hunt believed

    Noble savage

    Noble_savage

  • Burney Treaty
  • Treaty between the Kingdom of Siam and Great Britain in 1826

    suspicion arising from the Siamese invasion of Kedah in 1821. In 1822, John Crawfurd undertook a mission to the court of King Rama II to determine Siam's

    Burney Treaty

    Burney Treaty

    Burney_Treaty

  • Thailand
  • Country in Southeast Asia

    suzerainty over large portions of Laos and Cambodia. In 1821, Briton John Crawfurd was sent to negotiate a trade agreement with Siam—the first sign of

    Thailand

    Thailand

    Thailand

  • 1781 revolt in Bihar
  • Uprising against the British East India Company

    Singh including Bachu Singh. His rebellion was swiftly put down by John Crawfurd and he was jailed. He was restored to his "forfeited" zamindari in 1790

    1781 revolt in Bihar

    1781_revolt_in_Bihar

  • MacRitchie Reservoir
  • Reservoir in Singapore

    fresh water, British Resident John Crawfurd proposed to build a reservoir and waterworks. In 1852, government surveyor John Turnbull Thomson proposed plans

    MacRitchie Reservoir

    MacRitchie Reservoir

    MacRitchie_Reservoir

  • Da Nang
  • Municipality in central Vietnam

    conduct trade, and the subsequent missions of East India Company agent John Crawfurd in 1823 and the two missions of Andrew Jackson's agent, American diplomat

    Da Nang

    Da Nang

    Da_Nang

  • Fort Canning Hill
  • Park in Singapore

    still visible in the early 19th century and described by the Resident John Crawfurd who also found indication of ruins of an ancient orchard, shards of

    Fort Canning Hill

    Fort Canning Hill

    Fort_Canning_Hill

  • History of Singapore
  • by John Crawfurd, an efficient and frugal administrator, as the new governor. Farquhar later died in Perth, Scotland. On 7 June 1823, John Crawfurd signed

    History of Singapore

    History of Singapore

    History_of_Singapore

  • Bangkok
  • Capital and largest city of Thailand

    slightly throughout the 18th and early 19th centuries. British diplomat John Crawfurd, visiting in 1822, estimated its population at no more than 50,000.

    Bangkok

    Bangkok

    Bangkok

  • John Crawfurd (cricketer)
  • Irish cricketer and rugby union player

    John William Frederick Arthur Crawfurd (15 November 1878 – 22 June 1939) was an Irish cricketer. He was a left-handed batsman and a left-arm fast-medium

    John Crawfurd (cricketer)

    John_Crawfurd_(cricketer)

  • Post-Angkor period
  • 1431–1863 middle period of Cambodian history

    the Cambodian kingdom lost its national sovereignty. British agent John Crawfurd states: "...the King of that ancient Kingdom is ready to throw himself

    Post-Angkor period

    Post-Angkor period

    Post-Angkor_period

  • Prester John (novel)
  • 1910 adventure novel by John Buchan

    Prester John is a 1910 adventure novel by the Scottish author John Buchan. It tells the story of the young Scotsman David Crawfurd and his adventures in

    Prester John (novel)

    Prester John (novel)

    Prester_John_(novel)

  • 1868
  • Calendar year

    1778) May 10 – Henry Bennett, American politician (b. 1808) May 11 – John Crawfurd, Scottish physician, colonial administrator, diplomat and author, last

    1868

    1868

    1868

  • Jackson Plan
  • 1822 urban plan for Singapore

    December 1822 or January 1823, and it was first published in an article by John Crawfurd as an engraving made in June 1828. The plan is an idealised scheme of

    Jackson Plan

    Jackson Plan

    Jackson_Plan

  • Gibbs Crawfurd
  • British politician

    Gibbs Crawfurd (1732 – 13 October 1793) was a British Member of Parliament and administrator. He was the eldest son of John Crawfurd, a barrister from

    Gibbs Crawfurd

    Gibbs_Crawfurd

  • Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)
  • Period of Thai history

    in the mission to establish trade contacts with Siam, sent John Crawfurd to Bangkok. Crawfurd arrived in Bangkok in 1822, delivering both the British concern

    Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)

    Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)

    Rattanakosin_Kingdom_(1782–1932)

  • Borneo
  • Island in Southeast Asia

    group of people who consume sago in the northern part of the island. John Crawfurd noted in his 1865 Descriptive Dictionary of the Indian Islands that

    Borneo

    Borneo

    Borneo

  • Animism
  • Class of religious beliefs

    Philippines: Ateneo de Manila University Press. ISBN 978-971-550-135-4. Crawfurd, John (2013), History of the Indian Archipelago. 2, Cambridge library collection

    Animism

    Animism

  • Batara Guru
  • Supreme god in Indonesian mythology

    Guru was the name for Shiva in rest of Southeast Asia. According to John Crawfurd, the word Batara is derived from avatara, both in "sense and orthography"

    Batara Guru

    Batara Guru

    Batara_Guru

  • Keling
  • Derogatory term for Indians in Southeast Asia

    describe the immigrants from Gujarat Presidency and Coromandel coast. John Crawfurd (1856) mentioned that the term "Kling" was used by the Malays and the

    Keling

    Keling

  • Temasek
  • Early settlement on present-day Singapore

    visible in the early 19th century and was described by the Resident John Crawfurd. In 1928, several pieces of gold ornaments dating to the mid-14th century

    Temasek

    Temasek

    Temasek

  • Oswald Crawfurd
  • British journalist and diplomat (1834–1909)

    Oswald John Frederick Crawfurd CMG (18 March 1834 – 31 January 1909) was a British journalist, man of letters and diplomat. He served over 24 years as

    Oswald Crawfurd

    Oswald_Crawfurd

  • Temenggong Abdul Rahman
  • 3rd Temenggong of Johor

    Treaty of Friendship and Alliance with the 2nd Resident of Singapore Dr John Crawfurd for the British Government at the Government Hill on 2 August 1824.

    Temenggong Abdul Rahman

    Temenggong Abdul Rahman

    Temenggong_Abdul_Rahman

  • Taxes on knowledge
  • Slogan advocating for improving access to information and the press

    1834, that newspapers should be available for 1d., rather than 7d. John Crawfurd in 1836 attempted an account of the "taxes on knowledge" total, including

    Taxes on knowledge

    Taxes on knowledge

    Taxes_on_knowledge

  • Barony of Kersland
  • Scottish demesne

    1697, they sold the estate to her sister Anna, wife of John Crawfurd of Fergushill. John Crawfurd was born August 8, 1673, at Crawfurdland and married Anna

    Barony of Kersland

    Barony of Kersland

    Barony_of_Kersland

  • John Nicoll (colonial administrator)
  • British colonial administrator

    Sir John Fearns Nicoll KCMG KStJ (26 April 1899 – 12 January 1981) was a British colonial administrator who served as Governor of Singapore from 1952 to

    John Nicoll (colonial administrator)

    John Nicoll (colonial administrator)

    John_Nicoll_(colonial_administrator)

  • 1783
  • Calendar year

    Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1841) May 27 – John Crawfurd, Scottish physician, colonial administrator, diplomat and author. Last

    1783

    1783

    1783

  • University of Edinburgh
  • Public university in Scotland

    of Korea. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 115. ISBN 978-1-5381-1975-4. "Dr. John Crawfurd 1783–1868". Gazetteer for Scotland. Retrieved 21 November 2021. "Gilbert

    University of Edinburgh

    University of Edinburgh

    University_of_Edinburgh

  • Execution by elephant
  • Execution method from Asia

    his fore Feet on the Carcase, and squeezes it flat. The journal of John Crawfurd records another method of execution by elephant in the kingdom of Cochinchina

    Execution by elephant

    Execution by elephant

    Execution_by_elephant

  • Rama II
  • King of Siam from 1809 to 1824

    consulate in 1820. The first renewed formal British visit was made by John Crawfurd in 1822. In July 1824, he died "very suddenly". Contemporary accounts

    Rama II

    Rama II

    Rama_II

  • William John Butterworth
  • Colonial Administrator

    Major-General William John Butterworth CB (10 June 1801 – 4 November 1856) was the governor of the Straits Settlements from August 1843 to 21 March 1855

    William John Butterworth

    William John Butterworth

    William_John_Butterworth

  • Robert Fullerton
  • First Governor of the Straits Settlements

    south side. He was one of twelve children including his younger brother John Fullerton, Lord Fullerton. Fullerton received his original appointment on

    Robert Fullerton

    Robert Fullerton

    Robert_Fullerton

  • Javanese people
  • Austronesian ethnic group

    burthen, with an average of 92 lasts (165.6–184 metric tons). In 1856, John Crawfurd noted that Javanese shipbuilding activity still existed on the north

    Javanese people

    Javanese people

    Javanese_people

  • Bathala
  • Supreme deity according to the indigenous religious beliefs of the Tagalog people

    in a visible form, such as the ten avatars of Vishnu. According to John Crawfurd, the Malay word Batara is derived from avatara both in "sense and orthography"

    Bathala

    Bathala

    Bathala

  • Stamford Raffles
  • British colonial official (1781–1826)

    raising a protest from Van der Capellen. Eventually, Calcutta appointed John Crawfurd, who had followed Raffles for over twenty years, as the new Resident

    Stamford Raffles

    Stamford Raffles

    Stamford_Raffles

  • Harry Ord
  • British colonial administrator (1819–1885)

    had formed the Straits Settlement Association under the leadership of John Crawfurd, which vigorously opposed any increase in government power and would

    Harry Ord

    Harry Ord

    Harry_Ord

  • Singapore Stone
  • Fragment historical stone slab at the mouth of the Singapore River

    the inscription was already a mystery to the island's inhabitants. John Crawfurd (1783–1868), who was Resident of Singapore, described the slab in his

    Singapore Stone

    Singapore Stone

    Singapore_Stone

  • Chaophraya Nakhon (Noi)
  • Siamese politician

    sent John Crawfurd to Bangkok in 1821. When Crawfurd reached Penang in December 1821, Nakhon Noi "the Raja of Ligor" sent a letter to Crawfurd declaring

    Chaophraya Nakhon (Noi)

    Chaophraya_Nakhon_(Noi)

  • Gambling in Singapore
  • a heavy wooden collar for a month. However, Farquhar's replacement, John Crawfurd, wrote to the Supreme Government advocating licensing gambling in Singapore

    Gambling in Singapore

    Gambling_in_Singapore

  • John Crawford, 1st Viscount of Garnock
  • Scottish aristocrat and politician

    John Crawford, 1st Viscount of Garnock PC (12 May 1669 – 24 December 1708) was a Scottish politician and aristocrat. John Crawfurd was born on 12 May 1669

    John Crawford, 1st Viscount of Garnock

    John_Crawford,_1st_Viscount_of_Garnock

  • Patrick Crawfurd
  • Scottish aristocrat (1646-1681)

    The Hon. Patrick Crawfurd (né Lindsay; 1646 – October 1681) of Kilbirnie, was a Scottish aristocrat. Born as Patrick Lindsay in 1646, he was the second

    Patrick Crawfurd

    Patrick_Crawfurd

  • Olivier de Puymanel
  • French naval officer (1768–1799)

    efforts at the modernization of Vietnamese forces were attested by John Crawfurd, who visited Huế in 1822: "In Cochin China a military organization has

    Olivier de Puymanel

    Olivier de Puymanel

    Olivier_de_Puymanel

  • History of the Philippines
  • Press. p. 132. ISBN 978-0-87417-590-5. John Crawfurd, History of the Indian Archipelago, (1820), page 445 John Bowring, "Travels in the Philippines",

    History of the Philippines

    History_of_the_Philippines

  • Lao rebellion (1826–1828)
  • Rebellion of the Kingdom of Vientiane against Siam

    and Great Britain in over a century. The aim of the mission, led by John Crawfurd, was to negotiate three proposals, re-enthronement of the sultan of

    Lao rebellion (1826–1828)

    Lao rebellion (1826–1828)

    Lao_rebellion_(1826–1828)

  • Robin Black (colonial administrator)
  • British colonial administrator (1906–1999)

    the Acting) Resident of Singapore (1819–1826) William Farquhar Dr. John Crawfurd Governors of the Straits Settlements (under British India) (1826–1867)

    Robin Black (colonial administrator)

    Robin Black (colonial administrator)

    Robin_Black_(colonial_administrator)

  • European colonisation of Southeast Asia
  • Republic of Ezo (1869) and the Republic of Taiwan (1895). Company agent John Crawfurd used the census taken in 1824 for a statistical analysis of the relative

    European colonisation of Southeast Asia

    European colonisation of Southeast Asia

    European_colonisation_of_Southeast_Asia

  • Minh Mạng
  • Second emperor of the Vietnamese Nguyễn dynasty in the 19th century

    be offered to any country. That same year, East India Company agent John Crawfurd made another attempt at contact, but was allowed to disembark only in

    Minh Mạng

    Minh Mạng

    Minh_Mạng

  • Phú Quốc
  • Largest island in Vietnam

    Vietnamese population of the island but not the Khmer. The British envoy John Crawfurd, en route to Siam from Singapore in March of 1822, made a stop at Phú

    Phú Quốc

    Phú Quốc

    Phú_Quốc

  • Polygenism
  • Theory of plural human origins

    article, Hunt supported both polygenism and slavery in the Confederacy. John Crawfurd, a Scottish physician and colonial administrator, was a polygenist.

    Polygenism

    Polygenism

  • Bagyidaw
  • King of Burma

    the year 1827 by John Crawfurd, 1829 Journal of An Embassy from the Governor-General of India to the Court of Ava by John Crawfurd, Vol II 1834 Was "Yadza"

    Bagyidaw

    Bagyidaw

    Bagyidaw

  • Islay
  • Island of the Inner Hebrides of Scotland

    "Tartan Pimpernel" for his exploits in France during World War II. John Crawfurd (1783-1868) was born on Islay and during a long career as a colonial

    Islay

    Islay

    Islay

  • Perlis
  • State of Malaysia

    120. ISBN 978-0-312-38120-2. Stern, Duncan (14–20 May 2004). "Dr. John Crawfurd and the Mission to Thailand, 1822" (Column). A Slice of Thai History

    Perlis

    Perlis

    Perlis

  • Filipinos
  • People of the Philippines

    Duché de Vancy Mestizos of Manila circa 1790s A Filipino in 1820 by John Crawfurd Spanish Mestizo Filipinos by Jean Mallat de Basilan 1800's Damián Domingo

    Filipinos

    Filipinos

    Filipinos

  • Sir Alexander Cuninghame, 1st Baronet
  • Scottish aristocrat

    were John Crawfurd of Kilbirnie and Lady Mary Cuninghame (a daughter of the 7th Earl of Glencairn). Through his maternal uncle, Sir John Crawfurd, 1st

    Sir Alexander Cuninghame, 1st Baronet

    Sir_Alexander_Cuninghame,_1st_Baronet

  • Ko Sichang district
  • District in Chonburi, Thailand

    reassembled as part of Vimanmek Mansion in Bangkok. The British diplomat John Crawfurd, visiting the islands in 1822 during his mission, described the island

    Ko Sichang district

    Ko Sichang district

    Ko_Sichang_district

  • Alexander Swettenham
  • British colonial administrator

    the Acting) Resident of Singapore (1819–1826) William Farquhar Dr. John Crawfurd Governors of the Straits Settlements (under British India) (1826–1867)

    Alexander Swettenham

    Alexander Swettenham

    Alexander_Swettenham

  • Ethnological Society of London
  • Learned society founded in 1843

    Brodie, 1st Baronet 1855–56 John Conolly Sir James Clark 1861–? John Crawfurd 1863–65 John Lubbock 1865–68 John Crawfurd 1868–69 Thomas Huxley Before

    Ethnological Society of London

    Ethnological_Society_of_London

  • John Adam (administrator)
  • British administrator in India

    Government House, the statesman John Adam, and the architect Robert Adam". ABE Journal. 14–15. doi:10.4000/abe.6193. Crawfurd, John (August 2006) [First published

    John Adam (administrator)

    John Adam (administrator)

    John_Adam_(administrator)

  • Budu (sauce)
  • Fish sauce originating from east coast of Peninsular Malaysia

    of the Malay language, With a Preliminary Dissertation, Volume 2, By John Crawfurd, published in 1852. It is similar to the patis in Philippines, ngapi

    Budu (sauce)

    Budu (sauce)

    Budu_(sauce)

  • American–Siamese Treaty of 1856
  • 1856 treaty between the United States and Siam

    Indian Government sent John Crawfurd as the delegate of British East India Company to procure a free trade agreement with Siam. Crawfurd arrived in Bangkok

    American–Siamese Treaty of 1856

    American–Siamese Treaty of 1856

    American–Siamese_Treaty_of_1856

  • Malay world
  • Geopolitical and sociolinguistic term

    ." — John Crawfurd, 1820 The application of Tanah Melayu to the Malay Peninsula entered into the European authorship, when Marsden and Crawfurd noted

    Malay world

    Malay world

    Malay_world

  • Government of Singapore
  • Residents of Singapore in succession, Maj.-Gen. William Farquhar and Dr. John Crawfurd. In 1826, Malacca, Penang and Singapore were amalgamated into the Straits

    Government of Singapore

    Government of Singapore

    Government_of_Singapore

  • Saint John's Island
  • Island of Singapore

    Stamford Raffles British delegation, John Crawfurd, they had misinterpreted the island's local name as 'St John' during their attempt to establish a port

    Saint John's Island

    Saint John's Island

    Saint_John's_Island

  • Wilfred Griffin Eady
  • Sir Crawfurd Wilfred Griffin Eady GCMG KCB KBE (27 September 1890 – 9 January 1962) was a British civil servant and diplomat. Although often referred to

    Wilfred Griffin Eady

    Wilfred_Griffin_Eady

  • Thai cuisine
  • Culinary traditions of Thailand

    is customarily served after a meal as dessert. The Scottish author John Crawfurd, sent on an embassy to Bangkok in 1822, writes in his account of the

    Thai cuisine

    Thai_cuisine

  • John Lindsay, 17th Earl of Crawford
  • Scottish nobleman (c. 1598–1679)

    Patrick Lindsay (later Crawfurd of Kilbirnie) (1646–1681), who married Margaret Crawfurd, a daughter and co-heiress of Sir John Crawfurd of Kilbirnie, in 1664

    John Lindsay, 17th Earl of Crawford

    John Lindsay, 17th Earl of Crawford

    John_Lindsay,_17th_Earl_of_Crawford

  • Grand Palace
  • Royal residence in Bangkok, Thailand

    throne that King Rama II received John Crawfurd (the first British Envoy to Siam in almost 200 years) in 1821. Crawfurd was sent to Bangkok by the Governor-General

    Grand Palace

    Grand Palace

    Grand_Palace

  • George Bonham
  • British colonial governor (1803-1863)

    Historical Dictionary of Singapore. Scarecrow Press. p. 40. ISBN 9780810873872. John Cameron (1865). Our Tropical Possessions in Malayan India: Being a Descriptive

    George Bonham

    George Bonham

    George_Bonham

  • Resident minister
  • Government official required to take up permanent residence in another country

    British Residents (7 February 1819 – December 1822 William Farquhar, then John Crawfurd), the Governors of the Straits Settlements filled the post 1826 – 15

    Resident minister

    Resident_minister

  • Keramat Iskandar Shah
  • Monument in Fort Canning, Singapore

    said to be religious sites. It was in February of the same year that John Crawfurd, during his stay in Singapore, would provide the first information about

    Keramat Iskandar Shah

    Keramat Iskandar Shah

    Keramat_Iskandar_Shah

  • Monogenism
  • Theory which posits a common descent for all humans

    challenged by James Hunt, a polygenist who became a secretary in 1859, and John Crawfurd, who was president two years later, who believed in a large number of

    Monogenism

    Monogenism

  • Luzon
  • Island in the Philippines

    Man of the Island of Luzon 1820 by John Crawfurd

    Luzon

    Luzon

    Luzon

  • List of female monarchs
  •  1150) Queen of Lipukasi [id], name unknown (reigned c. 1814) – in 1814, John Crawfurd saw the female sovereign of the little state of Lipukasi; she was also

    List of female monarchs

    List of female monarchs

    List_of_female_monarchs

  • Raffles Institution
  • Independent school in Singapore

    left unfinished for some time. Raffles' vision was also not shared by John Crawfurd, the British Resident of Singapore, who felt the scale of the project

    Raffles Institution

    Raffles_Institution

  • 1860s
  • Decade

    1778) May 10 – Henry Bennett, American politician (b. 1808) May 11 – John Crawfurd, Scottish physician, colonial administrator, diplomat and author, last

    1860s

    1860s

    1860s

  • Perak
  • State of Malaysia

    sultanates. In 1822, the British authority in India sent British diplomat John Crawfurd to Siam to negotiate trade concessions and gather information with a

    Perak

    Perak

    Perak

  • Kingdom of Singapura
  • Malay island kingdom

    14th century. Remnants of a wall of significant size (described by John Crawfurd as around five metres wide and three metres high) and unique to the

    Kingdom of Singapura

    Kingdom of Singapura

    Kingdom_of_Singapura

  • Ang Duong
  • King of Cambodia from 1848 to 1860

    When that failed, he enlisted the help of the French." British agent John Crawfurd states: "...the King of that ancient Kingdom is ready to throw himself

    Ang Duong

    Ang Duong

    Ang_Duong

  • John Anderson (colonial administrator)
  • Scottish colonial administrator (1858–1918)

    Sir John Anderson, GCMG, KCB, JP (23 June 1858 – 24 March 1918) was a Scottish colonial administrator who served as Governor of the Straits Settlements

    John Anderson (colonial administrator)

    John Anderson (colonial administrator)

    John_Anderson_(colonial_administrator)

  • Indian Singaporeans
  • Ethnic group

    unearthed Hindu-Buddhist artefacts from the pre-colonial period. In 1822, John Crawfurd documented the ruins of a Hindu or Buddhist temple on Fort Canning Hill

    Indian Singaporeans

    Indian Singaporeans

    Indian_Singaporeans

  • Thai Chinese
  • Ethnic group in Thailand

    capitalization in the country's economy. British East India Company agent John Crawfurd used detailed company records kept on Prince of Wales's Island (present-day

    Thai Chinese

    Thai Chinese

    Thai_Chinese

  • History of Cambodia
  • joint suzerainty, having lost its national sovereignty. British agent John Crawfurd states: "...the King of that ancient Kingdom is ready to throw himself

    History of Cambodia

    History_of_Cambodia

  • Gayoe
  • Breed of horse

    Gayo as two distinct varieties among the four he records on Sumatra. John Crawfurd (1956) distinguishes two breeds on Sumatra, that of Aceh (the Gayo)

    Gayoe

    Gayoe

    Gayoe

  • Palace economy
  • Type of economic system

    Crete. Athens: American School of Classical Studies at Athens. p. 119. Crawfurd, John (21 August 2006) [1830]. "Ch. V. – Rapacity of the court.". Journal

    Palace economy

    Palace_economy

  • Sack of Yogyakarta
  • June 1812 British military conquest and looting in Java

    period. A new British resident in Yogyakarta, John Crawfurd, was installed in November 1811. Crawfurd quickly alienated Hamengkubuwono II, against orders

    Sack of Yogyakarta

    Sack of Yogyakarta

    Sack_of_Yogyakarta

  • Imperial City of Huế
  • Walled complex in Huế, Vietnam

    1822, British Ambassador John Crawfurd visited Vietnam and commented that choosing Hue as the capital was a bad idea. Crawfurd believed that Vietnam would

    Imperial City of Huế

    Imperial City of Huế

    Imperial_City_of_Huế

  • Djong
  • Javanese sailing ship

    shipbuilding yards in Amsterdam employed Javanese people as foremen. In 1856, John Crawfurd noted that Javanese shipbuilding activity still existed on the north

    Djong

    Djong

    Djong

  • Pedra Branca, Singapore
  • Easternmost island of Singapore

    1824 to the Government of India by the British Resident in Singapore, John Crawfurd, also confirm it was his understanding that all the islands in the region

    Pedra Branca, Singapore

    Pedra Branca, Singapore

    Pedra_Branca,_Singapore

  • Cochinchina
  • Historical name for various regions of Vietnam

    commercial treaties, the British in 1822 sent East India Company agent John Crawfurd, and the Americans in 1833 sent diplomatist Edmund Roberts, who returned

    Cochinchina

    Cochinchina

    Cochinchina

  • Sihanoukville
  • City in Preah Sihanouk province, Cambodia

    consolidate its influence. Foreign Secretary Lord Palmerston's agent John Crawfurd reported: "Cambodia was...the Keystone of our policy in these countries

    Sihanoukville

    Sihanoukville

    Sihanoukville

  • Cần Giờ district
  • District in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    planned to constructed in December 2025. In 1822, British ambassador John Crawfurd visited Cần Giờ during his journey to Siam and Cochinchina, noting that

    Cần Giờ district

    Cần Giờ district

    Cần_Giờ_district

  • List of governors of Singapore
  • 2 months Resident of Malacca, Chief Engineer George III George IV 2 Dr John Crawfurd (1783–1868) 27 May 1823 15 August 1826 3 years, 2 months Surgeon, Diplomat

    List of governors of Singapore

    List_of_governors_of_Singapore

AI & ChatGPT searchs for online references containing JOHN CRAWFURD

JOHN CRAWFURD

AI search references containing JOHN CRAWFURD

JOHN CRAWFURD

  • JOAN
  • Female

    English

    JOAN

    Medieval English contracted form of Old French Johanne, JOAN means "God is gracious." Compare with masculine Joan.

    JOAN

  • JON
  • Male

    English

    JON

     Pet form of English Jonathan, JON means "God has given." Compare with other forms of Jon.

    JON

  • John
  • Boy/Male

    Hindu

    John

    God has been gracious: has shown favor in the bible John the baptist baptized christ in the jordan

    John

  • St. John
  • Surname or Lastname

    English (of Norman origin)

    St. John

    English (of Norman origin) : habitational name from any of the numerous places in France so called from the dedication of their churches to St. Jean (see John).Americanized form of French St. Jean.

    St. John

  • JOHAN
  • Male

    German

    JOHAN

    Short form of Latin Johannes, JOHAN means "God is gracious." In use by the Czechs, Finnish, Germans and Scandinavians.

    JOHAN

  • John
  • Boy/Male

    Christian & English(British/American/Australian)

    John

    God is Gracious

    John

  • JON
  • Male

    Scandinavian

    JON

     Scandinavian form of Icelandic Jóhann, JON means "God is gracious." Compare with other forms of Jon.

    JON

  • JOHNA
  • Female

    English

    JOHNA

    Variant spelling of English Johnna, JOHNA means "God is gracious."

    JOHNA

  • John
  • Biblical

    John

    the grace or mercy of the Lord,Jehovah's gift: the same name as Johanan, a contraction of Jehohanan

    John

  • John
  • Girl/Female

    American, Australian, British, English

    John

    God is Merciful; Gift of God

    John

  • John
  • Surname or Lastname

    English, Welsh, German, etc.

    John

    English, Welsh, German, etc. : ultimately from the Hebrew personal name yọ̄hānān ‘Jehovah has favored (me with a son)’ or ‘may Jehovah favor (this child)’. This personal name was adopted into Latin (via Greek) as Johannes, and has enjoyed enormous popularity in Europe throughout the Christian era, being given in honor of St. John the Baptist, precursor of Christ, and of St. John the Evangelist, author of the fourth gospel, as well as others of the nearly one thousand other Christian saints of the name. Some of the principal forms of the personal name in other European languages are Welsh Ieuan, Evan, Siôn, and Ioan; Scottish Ia(i)n; Irish Séan; German Johann, Johannes, Hans; Dutch Jan; French Jean; Italian Giovanni, Gianni, Ianni; Spanish Juan; Portuguese João; Greek Iōannēs (vernacular Yannis); Czech Jan; Russian Ivan. Polish has surnames both from the western Slavic form Jan and from the eastern Slavic form Iwan. There were a number of different forms of the name in Middle English, including Jan(e), a male name (see Jane); Jen (see Jenkin); Jon(e) (see Jones); and Han(n) (see Hann). There were also various Middle English feminine versions of this name (e.g. Joan, Jehan), and some of these were indistinguishable from masculine forms. The distinction on grounds of gender between John and Joan was not firmly established in English until the 17th century. It was even later that Jean and Jane were specialized as specifically feminine names in English; bearers of these surnames and their derivatives are more likely to derive them from a male ancestor than a female. As a surname in the British Isles, John is particularly frequent in Wales, where it is a late formation representing Welsh Siôn rather than the older form Ieuan (which gave rise to the surname Evan). As an American family name this form has absorbed various cognates from continental European languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988.)

    John

  • JOHN
  • Male

    English

    JOHN

     Anglicized form of Greek Ioannes (Latin Johannes), JOHN means "God is gracious." In the bible, this is the name of many characters, including John the Baptist.

    JOHN

  • Johns
  • Surname or Lastname

    English and German

    Johns

    English and German : patronymic from John. As a German name it may also be a reduced form of Johannes.Americanized form of Swiss German Schantz.

    Johns

  • Johan
  • Boy/Male

    Indian

    Johan

    German form of John

    Johan

  • John
  • Boy/Male

    Biblical American Hebrew Shakespearean

    John

    The grace or mercy of the Lord.

    John

  • Jonn
  • Boy/Male

    American, British, English, French, Greek, Hebrew

    Jonn

    God is Gracious; Jehovah has been Gracious; Variant of John or Abbreviation of Jonathan Jehovah has been Gracious; Has Shown Favor

    Jonn

  • Jon
  • Boy/Male

    American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Norwegian, Swedish, Swiss, Ukrainian

    Jon

    The Lord is Gracious; God has Given; Gift of God; God is Gracious; Jehovah has been Gracious; Variant of John; Abbreviation of Jonathan

    Jon

  • Johny
  • Boy/Male

    American, Celebrity, Christian, Danish, Indian, Swedish

    Johny

    God is Merciful; Gift of God; Similar to John

    Johny

  • Johnn
  • Boy/Male

    British, English, French, Hebrew

    Johnn

    Has Shown Favour; Variant of John; Jehovah has been Gracious; God is Gracious

    Johnn

  • John
  • Boy/Male

    African, American, Australian, British, Celebrity, Chinese, Christian, Czechoslovakian, Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hawaiian, Hebrew, Hindu, Indian, Irish, Jamaican, Japanese, Malayalam, Netherlands, Polish, Portuguese, Shakesp

    John

    God is Merciful; Gift of God; God is Gracious; By the Grace of God

    John

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Online names & meanings

  • ADINO
  • Male

    English

    ADINO

    Anglicized form of Hebrew Adiynow, ADINO means "soft, delicate" or "his ornament." In the bible, this is the name of one of King David's warriors.

  • Wynn
  • Boy/Male

    English Welsh

    Wynn

    Friend. Variants are English surnames in rare use as given names.

  • Kusum-Lata
  • Girl/Female

    Indian

    Kusum-Lata

    Flower

  • Shafa
  • Girl/Female

    Arabic

    Shafa

    Cure

  • Saija
  • Girl/Female

    Australian, Finnish, Indian, Telugu

    Saija

    Princess

  • Welsh
  • Boy/Male

    Anglo, British, English

    Welsh

    Welshman; From Wales

  • Lily
  • Girl/Female

    American, Arabic, Assamese, Bengali, British, Christian, Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hindu, Indian, Irish, Jamaican, Latin, Marathi, Muslim, Swedish, Telugu

    Lily

    Lily; Form of Lillian; Manuscripts of God; Lily Flower; A Symbol of Purity

  • Rakin
  • Boy/Male

    Indian

    Rakin

    Respectful

  • RAGNHILDUR
  • Female

    Icelandic

    RAGNHILDUR

    Icelandic form of Old Norse Ragnhildr, RAGNHILDUR means "battle counsel."

  • Poorna
  • Boy/Male

    Hindu, Indian, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sikh, Telugu

    Poorna

    Complete; Knowledge about Everything

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JOHN CRAWFURD

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JOHN CRAWFURD

AI searchs for Acronyms & meanings containing JOHN CRAWFURD

JOHN CRAWFURD

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Other words and meanings similar to

JOHN CRAWFURD

AI search in online dictionary sources & meanings containing JOHN CRAWFURD

JOHN CRAWFURD

  • Interconnect
  • v. t.

    To join together.

  • Join
  • v. t.

    To bring together, literally or figuratively; to place in contact; to connect; to couple; to unite; to combine; to associate; to add; to append.

  • Join
  • n.

    The line joining two points; the point common to two intersecting lines.

  • Join
  • v. t.

    To accept, or engage in, as a contest; as, to join encounter, battle, issue.

  • Johnny
  • n.

    A familiar diminutive of John.

  • John
  • n.

    A proper name of a man.

  • Coagment
  • v. t.

    To join together.

  • Johannean
  • a.

    Of or pertaining to John, esp. to the Apostle John or his writings.

  • Injoint
  • v. t.

    To join; to unite.

  • Join
  • v. t.

    To associate one's self to; to be or become connected with; to league one's self with; to unite with; as, to join a party; to join the church.

  • Partner
  • v. t.

    To associate, to join.

  • Join
  • v. t.

    To enjoin upon; to command.

  • Join
  • v. i.

    To be contiguous, close, or in contact; to come together; to unite; to mingle; to form a union; as, the hones of the skull join; two rivers join.

  • Jack
  • n.

    A familiar nickname of, or substitute for, John.

  • Dory
  • n.

    A European fish. See Doree, and John Doree.

  • Cheap-jack
  • n.

    Alt. of Cheap-john

  • Joining
  • p. pr. & vb. n.

    of Join

  • Prester
  • n.

    A priest or presbyter; as, Prester John.

  • Joined
  • imp. & p. p.

    of Join

  • Join
  • v. t.

    To unite in marriage.