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Chemical communication between species that benefits the recipient but not the emitter
A kairomone is a semiochemical released by an organism that mediates interspecific interactions in a way that benefits a different species at the expense
Kairomone
Biological signaling substance
in the field of chemical ecology to encompass pheromones, allomones, kairomones, attractants and repellents. Many insects, including parasitic insects
Semiochemical
Communication between different species
synomones, which are mutually beneficial, kairomones favor only the recipient. Primarily studied in entomology, kairomones can play key roles in predator-prey
Interspecies_communication
Class of arthropods
Allomones benefit their producer by the effect they have upon the receiver. Kairomones benefit their receiver instead of their producer. Synomones benefit the
Insect
Ester of salicylic acid
methyl salicylate works as a kairomone that attracts some insects, such as the spotted lanternfly. Unlike some other kairomones, methyl salicylate attracts
Methyl_salicylate
Genus of crustaceans
kairomones also differ: While the presence of fish kairomones up-regulated one specific gene in the folding of proteins, whereas Chaoborus kairomone down-regulated
Daphnia
Transfer of information from animal to animal
unintentionally, as in the transfer of scent from the predator to prey with kairomones. Information may be transferred to an "audience" of several receivers
Animal_communication
Species of planthopper indigenous to Southeast Asia
ecological impact. L. delicatula has been found to be attracted to certain kairomones released by their host plants, and adults and second- to fourth-instar
Spotted_lanternfly
Species of wasp
America. A. occidentalis is attracted to stink bugs through the use of kairomones. Specifically, female wasps have been caught in traps baited with pheromones
Astata_occidentalis
Chemical communication between species that benefits the first but not the second
is to develop a positive reaction to them; the allomone then becomes a kairomone. Others alter the allomones to form pheromones or other hormones, and
Allomone
Pattern of daily vertical movement in many aquatic species
thermocline, where the fish was not present. This demonstrates the effects of kairomones on Daphnia DVM. Some organisms have been found to move with the tidal
Diel_vertical_migration
Species of moth that feeds on fruit (Cydia pomonella)
1:100 ratio of codlemone to synergistic plant volatiles. Pear-derived kairomone has been found to be a species-specific attractant as well. Ethyl (2E
Codling_moth
Species of beetle
the kairomone. After a beetle is attracted to the host, mating occurs and the female lays her eggs on the plant. The beetles' attraction to kairomone decreases
Colorado_potato_beetle
Species of wasp
environment. L. nana females find hosts by detecting chemical signals, such as kairomones (usually intra-specific pheromones of the host) or herbivore-induced plant
Lysibia_nana
Species of tick
these act as a kairomone to help them locate their host. After feeding, the immature ticks' response to both the assembly and kairomones ceased for a few
Ixodes_uriae
Proteins found in the urine and other secretions of many animals
serving as social cues between members of the same species, Mups can act as kairomones—chemical signals that transmit information between species. Mice are instinctively
Major_urinary_proteins
Species of beetle
this is an unlikely explanation. Rather, isopropanol likely acts as a kairomone since there is no differentiation between the preference from females
American_carrion_beetle
Type of polymorphism where different forms of an animal arise from a single genotype
the kairomone to which the prey responds. For example, the midge larvae (Chaoborus) that feed on Daphnia cucullata (a water flea) release a kairomone that
Polyphenism
Chemical compound
1007/BF00985003. PMID 24249012. Tan, K.H.; Nishida, R. (2005). "Synomone or Kairomone? - Bulbophyllum apertum (Orchidaceae) flower releases raspberry ketone
Raspberry_ketone
Chemical emitted to trigger a response among the same species
pheromone Civetone Estratetraenol Honey bee pheromones Insect pheromones Kairomone List of neurosteroids Major urinary proteins Membrane steroid receptor
Pheromone
Genus of orchids
S2CID 24971928. Tan, Keng-Hong; Nishida, R (March 2005). "Synomone or kairomone?--Bulbophyllum apertum flower releases raspberry ketone to attract Bactrocera
Bulbophyllum
Liquid by-product of animal metabolism
that act as pheromones. The urine of predator species often contains kairomones that serve as a repellent against their prey species. The fermentation
Urine
Species of scarab beetle
32°C. Green leaf volatiles (GLVs) have been found to act as a sexual kairomone, that helps M. melolontha adults in mate finding, which is a compound
Cockchafer
Epigenetic transmission without DNA primary structure alteration
will develop a small helmet if no kairomones are present. However, depending upon the level of predator kairomones, the length of the helmet will almost
Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance
Transgenerational_epigenetic_inheritance
Study of how insects interact with their environments
generally grouped into four. These are pheromone, synomones, allomone and kairomone. Pheromones are semiochemicals that facilitates interaction between organisms
Insect_ecology
Species of freshwater crustacean known as "water fleas"
phenotypic plasticity. For example, D. pulicaria can detect and respond to kairomones produced by predatory fish. Their sensitivity to environmental cues contributes
Daphnia_pulicaria
Species of wasp
wing scales, larva saliva, footprints, and egg wash which will act like kairomones and attract the parasitoid. T. japonicum will not start looking for a
Trichogramma_japonicum
Family of beetles
they eat as prey. In this way, the pheromones work against the fish as kairomones. From their pygidial gland, medium and large-sized species can secrete
Dytiscidae
Species of beetle
the plants are damaged. These compounds appear to function as sexual kairomones for H. elegans. After copulation, females of H. elegans fly to specific
Hylamorpha
Subfamily of beetles
bark beetle's pheromones, including kairomones, can attract other insects. The pheromones distinguished as kairomones are hormones, pheromones, or allomones
Bark_beetle
Animals that feed by straining food from water
(2014). "Mosquito Larvae Change Their Feeding Behavior in Response to Kairomones From Some Predators". Journal of Medical Entomology. 51 (2): 368–374.
Filter_feeder
Animal that moves pollen from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma
PMID 12184394. S2CID 36621985. Tan K, Nishida R (2005). "Synomone or kairomone?-Bulbophyllum apertum flower releases raspberry ketone to attract Bactrocera
Pollinator
Species of fly
and regular plastic, or matted paper are baited with an ammonia-based kairomone lure, an attractive color, or both, and treated with an insecticide. Death
Rhagoletis_mendax
Species of beetle
infestation. Traps can also be used containing a pheromone and a plant kairomone to attract nearby adults. Some acoustic sensors can also differentiate
Asian_long-horned_beetle
Species of beetle
that several Monochamus species use the pheromones of bark beetles as kairomones to find suitable host habitats quickly and efficiently, enabling them
Monochamus_scutellatus
Species of ant
tree leaves releases trans-2-hexenal, a compound that ants detect as a kairomone. On exposure to test samples of this compound the ants become alarmed
Pseudomyrmex_spinicola
Smell sense organ above the roof of the mouth
scents act as chemical-communication signals (pheromones, allomones and kairomones) from other individuals of the same or from other species. Unlike sensory
Vomeronasal_organ
order to identify them. Their urine contains pyrazine analogs that act as kairomones, repelling their prey. Dog communication Lopez, Barry H. (1978). Of Wolves
Wolf_communication
Neurotransmitters used by insects
communication between individuals of an insect species. They thus differ from kairomones, in other words, neurotransmitters that transmit information to non-species
Insect_pheromones
Controlling pests using other organisms
are able to find the eggs of the target host by means of several cues. Kairomones were found on moth scales. Similarly, Bacillus thuringiensis and other
Biological_pest_control
Species of amphibian
of detecting kairomones, which are chemical cues emitted by predatory species. This suggests that hellbenders can recognize kairomones as stressful stimuli
Hellbender
Sensory system used for smelling
addiction). The amygdala (in olfaction) processes pheromone, allomone, and kairomone (same-species, cross-species, and cross-species where the emitter is harmed
Olfactory_system
Chemical compound
of photographic paper. It's a tsetse fly attractant. Therefore, it's a kairomone. Fiege, Helmut; Voges, Heinz-Werner; Hamamoto, Toshikazu; Umemura, Sumio;
3-Ethylphenol
Species of small freshwater animal
to the presence of predators. Phantom midge larvae (Chaoborus) release kairomones – chemical cues – that induce the development of small, jagged protrusions
Daphnia_pulex
Species of amphibian
(distancing themselves from the chemical cues), when only exposed to both Anax kairomones and conspecific alarm cues together. Experimenters hypothesize that presence
Lithobates_clamitans
Family of parasitic blood-feeding insects
variety of cues, including heat (even a temperature difference of 1 °C) and kairomones. Host cues (at least in some species, including C. lectularius and Stricticimex
Cimicidae
Genus of true bugs
characteristic disagreeable odor when crushed. Cimex use pheromones and kairomones to communicate regarding nesting locations, feeding, and reproduction
Cimex
Chemical that attracts an organism
Ecology 32: 2429-2441. a) Tan, K.H. and R. Nishida (2005) Synomone or Kairomone? - Bulbophyllum apertum (Orchidaceae) flower releases raspberry ketone
Attractant
Annual migration of salmon
(2011). "Something smells fishy: predator-naive salmon use diet cues, not kairomones, to recognize a sympatric mammalian predator". Animal Behaviour. 82 (4):
Salmon_run
Species of small freshwater animal
known and can lead to plastic phenotypic responses. In the presence of kairomones, Daphnia spp. develop conspicuous protective structures as an elongated
Daphnia_magna
Plants interaction to environment
Ethylene Gravitropism Heliotropism Hydrotropism Hypersensitive response Kairomone Kinesis (biology) Nastic movements Phytosemiotics Plant defense against
Plant_perception_(physiology)
Genus of beetles
prey on them (intraguild predation) and use their semiochemicals as kairomones. Some species of braconid wasps in the genus Atanycolus are parasitoids
Monochamus
Species of fly
Ecology 26 (2), 533-546.>, <Tan, K.H. and R. Nishida (2005) Synomone or kairomone? – Bulbophyllum apertum flower releases raspberry ketone to attract Bactrocera
Bactrocera_cucurbitae
Species of orchid
is pollinated by a particular species of fungus gnat, attracted by a kairomone produced by the flower's labellum. The labellum tips the insect into the
Pterostylis_nutans
Class of chemical compounds
differences in herbivore behaviour between natural and artificial settings. Kairomone Plant defenses against herbivory Herbivore adaptations to plant defense
Green_leaf_volatiles
pheromones emitted by stressed conspecifics, but also by several categories of kairomones emitted by the urine of predatory carnivores. The detection of these compounds
Grueneberg_ganglion
Species of true bug
parasitic wasps (such as Tetracnemoidea peregrina), and is therefore a kairomone. Obscure mealybugs feed on the phloem of vines and woody-stemmed plants
Pseudococcus_viburni
Toxic chemicals synthesized by algae
bacteria and may act as a signal for predators which can detect and follow kairomone gradients in their environment. Excreted toxins would seem most advantageous
Phycotoxin
Evolutionary mechanism
allomones, which play a defensive role in interspecies communication, and kairomones, which are used by members of higher trophic levels to locate food sources
Plant defense against herbivory
Plant_defense_against_herbivory
Study of chemically-mediated interactions between living organisms
describe semiochemicals that benefit the emitter, but not the receiver) and kairomone (to describe semiochemicals that benefit the receiver only). Whittaker
Chemical_ecology
signals, semiochemicals. Types of semiochemicals include pheromones and kairomones. Chemoreception is the physiological response of a sense organ to a chemical
Chemical communication in insects
Chemical_communication_in_insects
Genus of moths
sugar-cane borers prefer to deposit eggs onto dry or dead leaf material. Kairomones, which are semiochemicals emitted by an organism to mediate interspecific
Eldana
Chemical Ecology, 28:1161-1172. Tan, K.H. and Nishida, R. (2005) Synomone or Kairomone? - Bulbophyllum apertum (Orchidaceae) flower releases raspberry ketone
Pollination_of_orchids
Species of amphibian
BioKids - Dusky Salamander Payette, WI (June 2019). "The effect of predator kairomones on caudal regeneration by Allegheny Mountain Dusky Salamanders (Desmognathus
Desmognathus_fuscus
Intercropping strategy for controlling agricultural pests
intercropping scheme is provided by the plants that emit volatile chemicals (kairomones) which repel stemborer moths and drive them away from the main crop (maize
Push–pull agricultural pest management
Push–pull_agricultural_pest_management
Natural anti-predator mechanism
Wyss, Urs (1996). "Aphid alarm pheromone (E)-?-farnesene: A host finding kairomone for the aphid primary parasitoidAphidius uzbekistanicus (Hymenoptera:
Chemical_defense
secrete. Pheromones that are exploited by an enemy like this are called kairomones. Some predators rely mainly on sound cues to detect prey. In nocturnal
Prey_detection
Species of legume
tree leaves releases trans-2-hexenal, a compound that ants detect as a kairomone. On exposure to test samples of this compound, the ants displayed alarm
Vachellia_collinsii
Species of scarab
time-dependent bouquets and novel function of ( Z )-3-hexen-1-ol as a sexual kairomone". Ecological Entomology. 27 (1): 76–83. Bibcode:2002EcoEn..27...76R. doi:10
Melolontha_hippocastani
Genus of green algae
discourage predation even further. Cells defensively form these bristles when kairomones are detected, an infochemical released by Daphnia that Scenedesmus has
Scenedesmus
Species of amphibian
responses of larval ringed salamanders, Ambystoma annulatum, to predator kairomones? Laboratory and field assays." Ethology 109.2 (2003): 159-170. "AmphibiaWeb
Ringed_salamander
Genus of cylindrical bark beetles
"Predators attracted to combination of bark beetle pheromones and host kairomones in pine forests of southeastern United States" (PDF). Environmental Entomology
Aulonium
Species of spider
Clark; Duane P. Harland (2002). "Behavioural and cognitive influences of kairomones on an araneophagic jumping spider" (PDF). Behaviour. 139 (6): 749–775
Portia_fimbriata
Native American biologist and zoologist
responses of larval ringed salamanders, Ambystoma annulatum, to predator kairomones? Laboratory and field tests. Ethology, 109(2), 159-170. Hickman, C.
Caleb_Hickman
Species of fly
of the species complex are attracted to vertebrate host odors called kairomones and collectively form nocturnal aggregations called leks near the hosts
Lutzomyia_longipalpis
Species of crab
saponins, to repel predators. Interestingly, these emissions also act as kairomones, which are chemical signals that attract symbiotic animals, including
Lissocarcinus_orbicularis
Species of assassin bug
larvae and by the adult moths, including by their shed scales. These kairomones can help guide predators and the application of a solution of them to
Rhynocoris_longifrons
Species of fly
bait+insecticide combinations are common in the eradication program in Florida. Kairomones for A. suspensa include ammonium carbonate + 3-methyl-1-butanol (cultured
Anastrepha_suspensa
Species of amphibian
Two-lined Salamander) to predation stress from alarm chemicals and predator kairomones". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 98 (5): 343–349. doi:10.1139/cjz-2019-0203
Southern_two-lined_salamander
German zoologist (1939–2015)
species, particularly on the molecular structure and mode of action of kairomones, sex pheromones and other stimuli of possible value in producing insectistasis
Anna_Levinson
Species of assassin bug
insects in Indian agricultural areas. This assassin bug is attracted by the kairomones emitted by its prey; even the shed scales of adult moths provide an odour
Rhynocoris_marginatus
Species of true bug
environment increases as it goes through instar stages. N. irrorata release two kairomones, n-tricosane and n-heneicosane, that repel the oviposition of Culiseta
Notonecta_maculata
Species of small freshwater animal
additional spines on the abdomen are produced in response to predator kairomones, which are predator hormones, within the water. D. lumholtzi does not
Daphnia_lumholtzi
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