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Language family
United States. It consists of three languages. The Kalapuya language is currently in a state of revival. Kalapuyan descendants in the southernmost Kalapuya
Kalapuyan_languages
Proposed language family
The Takelma–Kalapuyan languages (also Takelman) are a proposed small language family that comprises the Kalapuyan languages and Takelma, which were spoken
Takelma–Kalapuyan_languages
Native American tribe
people's name is spelt Kʼalapʰuya; this is to reflect that, in the Kalapuyan languages, the endonym is pronounced such that the K has glottalic fortition
Kalapuya
Language that has no demonstrable genetic relationship with other languages
Ryukyuan languages), and Georgian to be the Kartvelian language family. There is a difference between language isolates and unclassified languages, but they
Language_isolate
The indigenous languages of the Americas are the languages that were used by the Indigenous peoples of the Americas, before the arrival of Europeans.
Indigenous languages of the Americas
Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas
official language. Of these, three states and most territories have adopted English plus one or more other official languages. Overall, 430 languages are spoken
Languages of the United States
Languages_of_the_United_States
American linguist and anthropologist
whose work focuses on Indigenous languages of the Pacific Northwest, including Chinuk Wawa and Kalapuyan languages. He has served as a linguistic consultant
Henry_Zenk
Extinct Native American language formerly spoken in Oregon
Central Kalapuyan was a Kalapuyan language indigenous to the central and southern Willamette Valley in Oregon in the United States. It was spoken by various
Central_Kalapuya_language
Extinct Native American language formerly spoken in Oregon
Northern Kalapuyan is an extinct Kalapuyan language indigenous to northwestern Oregon in the United States. It was spoken by Kalapuya groups in the northern
Northern_Kalapuya_language
Proposed language family
Siuslaw Takelma Later Sapir and Leo Frachtenberg added the Kalapuyan and the Chinookan languages and then later the Alsean and Tsimshianic families, culminating
Penutian_languages
Tribe of Native Americans of the Tualatin Valley, Oregon
speak the Tualatin-Yamhill (Northern Kalapuya) language, which is one of the three Kalapuyan languages. Atfalati people ranged around the valley, engaged
Atfalati
Extinct Native American language formerly spoken in Oregon
their view, linked Takelma to the other "Penutian" languages, in particular the Kalapuyan languages. A reexamination of the evidence by Tarpent and Kendall
Takelma_language
Extinct Native American language formerly spoken in Oregon
Yoncalla (also Southern Kalapuya or Yonkalla) is an extinct Kalapuyan language once spoken in southwest Oregon in the United States.[page needed] In the
Yoncalla_language
Areal grouping of North American languages
Kathlamet) †Takelma–Kalapuyan Takelma Kalapuya †Alsean Alsea Yaquina †Siuslaw Siuslaw Lower Umpqua †Coosan Hanis Miluk Athabaskan languages are found outside
Pacific_Northwest_languages
City in Oregon, United States
spoke the Tualatin-Yamhill (Northern Kalapuya) language, which was one of the three Kalapuyan languages. Prior to contact with white explorers, traders
Tigard,_Oregon
Dené–Yeniseian languages are a recent proposal which has been generally well received, whereas reconstructions of the Proto-World language are often viewed
List of proposed language families
List_of_proposed_language_families
Sign language predominantly in the US
a universal language; there are between 200–300 officially recognized signed languages around the world, and ASL is one of those languages. ASL originated
American_Sign_Language
Regional culture in North America
Salish languages in the north and Plateau Penutian languages in the south. Chinookan languages were spoken on the lower Columbia and Kalapuyan languages were
Indigenous peoples of the Northwest Plateau
Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Northwest_Plateau
Andamanese languages Australian languages and Tasmanian languages Caucasian languages Khoisan languages Nuba Mountains languages Paleo-Siberian
List_of_language_families
Indian tribe of Washington, Oregon, and California, United States
languages. Salishan languages Tillamook Shastan languages Shasta Penutian languages (proposed grouping) Chinookan languages Lower Chinook Kalapuyan languages
Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians
Confederated_Tribes_of_Siletz_Indians
Extinct Native American language formerly spoken in Oregon
derives from the Coosan name for them, alsí or alsí·, and the Marys River Kalapuyan name for them, alsí·ya. Alsea was last recorded in 1942 from the last
Alsea_language
Branch of the Eskaleut language family
The Inuit languages are a closely related group of indigenous North American languages traditionally spoken across the North American Arctic and the adjacent
Inuit_languages
Iroquoian language spoken by the Cherokee people
between Cherokee and non-Iroquoian languages, and instead that the noun incorporation system in Northern Iroquoian languages developed later. All orderings
Cherokee_language
history of the sprachraum. Extinct language Language death Lists of endangered languages Lists of extinct languages Last surviving native speaker. Last
List of languages by time of extinction
List_of_languages_by_time_of_extinction
Creole language of southern US
African languages in its phonology, vocabulary, grammar, sentence structure, and semantics. Turner identified over 300 loanwords from various languages of
Gullah_language
Algonquian language spoken in North America
younger speakers. Among the Algonquian languages, Blackfoot is relatively divergent in phonology and lexicon. The language has a fairly small phoneme inventory
Blackfoot_language
of English language words borrowed from Indigenous languages of the Americas, either directly or through intermediate European languages such as Spanish
List of English words from Indigenous languages of the Americas
List_of_English_words_from_Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas
Endangered language of the Plains peoples
"Plains" Sign Language is actually a family of inter-related languages extending beyond the Great Plains. She breaks down the regional languages as: Northeast
Plains_Indian_Sign_Language
in Languages Other Than English in United States". Ammon, Ulrich; International Sociological Association (1989). Status and Function of Languages and
French language in the United States
French_language_in_the_United_States
Southern Athabaskan language
[nɑ̀ːpèːhópìz̥ɑ̀ːt]) is a Southern Athabaskan language of the Na-Dené family, through which it is related to languages spoken across the western areas of North
Navajo_language
Extinct language family
The Chinookan languages are a small family of extinct languages spoken in Oregon and Washington along the Columbia River by Chinook peoples. Although
Chinookan_languages
list of different language classification proposals developed for the Indigenous languages of the Americas or Amerindian languages. The article is divided
Classification of the Indigenous languages of the Americas
Classification_of_the_Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas
Inuit varieties spoken in Alaska and the Northwest Territories
ih-NOO-pee-at), Iñupiatun or Alaskan Inuit, is an Inuit language, or perhaps group of languages, spoken by the Iñupiat people in northern and northwestern
Iñupiaq_language
Topics referred to by the same term
Maluku, Indonesia sxk, the ISO 639-3 code for the Yoncalla language, an extinct Kalapuyan language of the United States of America This disambiguation page
SXK
Language spoken by the Lenape people
and Oklahoma. Today, it is spoken only as a second language. Unami is one of two Delaware languages; the other is Munsee. The last fluent Unami speaker
Unami_language
Extinct Algonquian language
Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (Report) (3rd ed.). UNESCO. 2010. p. 11. "Arosaguntacook Indian Tribe". Native Languages. Archived from the original
Eastern_Abenaki_language
Austronesian language of Guam and the Mariana Islands
Chamorro vocabulary, as it did on many Philippine and South American languages, it had virtually no effect on Chamorro grammar.... The Japanese influence
Chamorro_language
Algonquian language
language shift led to the displacement by speaker of the Kalapuyan (†), Na-Dene, Palaihnihan, Plateau Penutian, Salishan, etc., as well as languages of
Massachusett_language
Salishan language or dialect continuum of North America
the North Straits Salish languages, are in the Central Coast Salish subgroup of the Salishan family of languages. The language is spoken by many peoples
Lushootseed
Hypothetical Native American language family
which the languages were spoken includes the most populated areas of Oregon today. Languages in the Oregon Penutian family are: Kalapuyan Takelma Coast
Oregon_Penutian_languages
Polynesian language
languages and the languages of Eastern Polynesia, which include Rapanui, Māori, Tahitian and Hawaiian. Nuclear Polynesian and Tongic (the languages of
Samoan_language
Portuguese, Hawaiian, the Indo-Aryan languages, the various varieties of Chinese, Arabic and the Native American languages. The U.S. also has the second-largest
Spanish language in the United States
Spanish_language_in_the_United_States
Pidgin trade language from the Pacific Northwest
second language by speakers of other Indigenous languages in the area. It had sentence-initial negation, which is atypical of regional languages, and also
Chinook_Jargon
total 243 languages. Indigenous languages European language dialects Pidgin languages Indigenous languages Indigenous languages European language dialects
List of extinct languages of North America
List_of_extinct_languages_of_North_America
Austronesian language of the Northern Mariana Islands
Carolinian people. Carolinian is a threatened language according to the Catalogue of Endangered Languages (ELCat), but available data is scarce. There
Carolinian_language
Language of the Saanich people of North America
related to the Klallam language. "The W̱SÁNEĆ School Board, together with the FirstVoices program for revitalizing Aboriginal languages, is working to teach
Saanich_dialect
Eskimo–Aleut language
alutiiqlanguage.org Learn the Alutiiq Language uaf.edu Alaska Native Languages – Alutiiq asna.ca Alutiiq Orthodox language texts Archived 2010-09-04 at the
Alutiiq_language
Nearly extinct Algonquian language
2017. "Abnaki-Penobscot (Abenaki Language)". Native Languages of the Americas. Retrieved April 18, 2017. "Native Languages of the Americas: Penobscot (Eastern
Western_Abenaki_language
American language speakers in the United States. There are twelve Native American languages spoken in Arizona, in addition to three other languages that are
Indigenous languages of Arizona
Indigenous_languages_of_Arizona
The Multilingual Apple: Languages in New York City. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 3-11-017281-X. "Table 5.Detailed List of Languages Spoken at Home for the Population
Chinese language in the United States
Chinese_language_in_the_United_States
native languages subsided until the age of reformation occurred. As stated by Michael E. Krauss, from the years 1960–1970, "Alaska Native Languages" went
Alaska_Native_languages
Extinct Iroquoian language
the village (cf. Huron 8enro‛ronon). Julian, Charles (2010). A History of the Iroquoian Languages (PhD thesis). Winnipeg, MB: University of Manitoba.
Wenro_language
Languages used on the Internet List of fictional languages List of programming languages Lists of languages Sign language and List of sign languages List
Index_of_language_articles
Variety of English language
influences from waves of immigrant speakers of diverse languages, primarily European languages. Some racial and regional variation in American English
American_English
Data set published by the United States Census Bureau on languages in the United States
languages (besides the above 11 languages) Navajo Other Native North American languages Hungarian Arabic Hebrew African languages Assyrian language (including
Language_Spoken_at_Home
Indigenous sign language used in Hawaii
Languages: Key Terms". The Linguists. Public Broadcasting Service. Retrieved 22 December 2021. Hornsby, Michael (December 2012). "Sleeping languages:
Hawaiʻi_Sign_Language
this to ban the teaching of all languages except for English, although the majority would ban non-English languages typically only banned German. A total
German language in the United States
German_language_in_the_United_States
Extinct sign language of Massachusetts
Vineyard Sign Language to communicate with each other. Founder effect List of extinct languages of North America List of sign languages Romm, Cari (2015-09-25)
Martha's Vineyard Sign Language
Martha's_Vineyard_Sign_Language
Indigenous people living in Oregon, US
Coos, Lower Umpqua and Siuslaw has a language program to revitalize them. Their neighbors were Siuslauan, Kalapuyan, and the Umpqua Indians. The total population
Coos_people
Salishan language
lower boundary of the Fraser Canyon. In the classification of Salishan languages, Halkomelem is a member of the Central Salish branch. There are four other
Halkomelem
Western Muskogean language
ISSN 0020-7071. JSTOR 1265848. S2CID 144088226. Goddard, Ives. (2005). "The indigenous languages of the Southeast", Anthropological Linguistics, 47 (1), 1-60.
Houma_language
Indigenous sign language isolate
Inuit Sign Language, Greenlandic Sign Language, nor about other manual languages of the Inuit. One way to broadly refer to Inuit sign languages is by using:
Inuit_Sign_Language
Dialect of North Straits Salish
Coast Salish language and is closely related to other languages in that family. The Samish language is still spoken by some Samish tribal members, and the
Samish_dialect
Southernmost dialect of the Lushootseed language
Puyallup Tribal Language Program. A 1999 video, Muckleshoot: a People and Their Language profiles the Muckleshoot Whulshootseed Language Preservation Project
Southern_Lushootseed
Endangered Uto-Aztecan language of California
American Languages: Cahuilla." Native Languages of the Americas. 2009 (retrieved 8 March 2016) "Vocabulary Words in Native American Languages: Cupeño."
Cahuilla_language
Regional or Minority Languages, it has not ratified the treaty, limiting Italy's responsibility in the preservation of regional languages that are not recognized
Italian language in the United States
Italian_language_in_the_United_States
Wakashan language
"Makah Language Program". Makah Museum. Retrieved 2024-06-06. "Makah Language and the Makah Indian Tribe (Macaw, Classet, Klasset)". www.native-languages.org
Makah_language
Online bibliographic database of languages
of the world's languages. In addition to listing linguistic materials (grammars, articles, dictionaries) describing individual languages, the database
Glottolog
Indigenous sign language isolate
growth of OSL. American Sign Language Plains Sign Talk Oen, Carlos (13 September 2018). "Fighting to Save Indigenous Sign Languages". The Tyee. Retrieved 15
Oneida_Sign_Language
Extinct language of South Carolina
(east of Charleston), spoke related languages that were different from the Guale, Sewee and other neighboring languages. It is likely the Ashepoo, Combahee
Cusabo_language
Language
well as languages of southern New England such as Wampanoag, but as a set they do not match any other Algonquian language. The Etchemin language disappeared
Etchemin_language
Dialect of American Sign Language
sign languages Varieties of American Sign Language "Language Subtag Registry". IETF. Retrieved August 28, 2023. Ethnologue 2015, American Sign Language. McCaskill
Black_American_Sign_Language
Illinois has speakers of many other languages, of which Spanish is by far the most widespread. Illinois's indigenous languages disappeared when the Indian population
Languages_of_Illinois
Language used by deafblind people
Protactile is a language used by deafblind people using tactile channels. Unlike other sign languages, which are heavily reliant on visual information
Protactile
provide some foreign language courses shortly before American involvement in Second World War, systematic education of foreign languages by the United States
Arabic language in the United States
Arabic_language_in_the_United_States
Extinct Chimakuan language
but according to Andrade, less so than in Quileute. Quileute language Chimakuan languages Ruby, Robert H.; John Arthur Brown (1992). A Guide to the Indian
Chemakum_language
Russian language is among the top fifteen most spoken languages in the United States, and is one of the most spoken Slavic and European languages in the
Russian language in the United States
Russian_language_in_the_United_States
Geographic areas of indigenous languages
elaborate consonant systems. Languages are Eyak, Tlingit, Athabaskan, Tsimshian, Wakashan, Chimakuan, Salishan, Alsea, Coosan, Kalapuyan, Takelma, and Lower Chinook
Linguistic areas of the Americas
Linguistic_areas_of_the_Americas
Hybrid language of Spanish and English
"hackear" (to hack). Some words borrowed from the donor languages are adapted to the language, while others remain unassimilated (e. g. "sandwich", "jeans"
Spanglish
Reconstructed ancestor of the Salishan languages
Salishan languages. The first scholar to suggest a homeland for Proto-Salish was Franz Boas in the 19th century. Boas suggested that the Salishan languages originated
Proto-Salish_language
Unclassified Indigenous language of the Americas
Carolina Historical Society. Zamponi, Raoul (2024). "Unclassified languages". The Languages and Linguistics of Indigenous North America. De Gruyter. pp. 1627–1648
Sewee_language
Dialect of English spoken in California
Spanish spoken in the Southwestern United States Indigenous languages of California – Native languages spoken in California Van Riper, William R. (2014) [1973]
California_English
Spanish variety spoken in Texas and Louisiana
in the language, would often engage in code-switching while attempting to speak entirely in Spanish. The rate of switching between languages in a single
Sabine_River_Spanish
Extinct Muskogean language of Florida, US
sketch and a vocabulary of the language based on these resources. Apalachee is one of only three indigenous languages from its region to have any surviving
Apalachee_language
majority of agricultural workers who speak a language Indigenous to the Americas spoke other languages, and all of them combined are only 1%. Nahua and
Nahuatl language in the United States
Nahuatl_language_in_the_United_States
Language family
Kunimaipan languages are a small language family spoken in Papua New Guinea. They are a subclass of the Goilalan languages. The attested languages are: Kunimaipa
Kunimaipan_languages
Extinct indigenous sign language of the Pacific Northwest
Clark, William Philo (1885). The Indian Sign Language – via Google Books. "Indigenous sign languages in Canada | Darin Flynn | University of Calgary"
Plateau_Sign_Language
English-based pidgin of the USA
and is therefore considered to be a true pidgin. A pidgin language is made up of two languages sometimes spoken by only one group. However, because AIPE
Native American Pidgin English
Native_American_Pidgin_English
Variety or dialect of American English
Social factors". Language in Society. 2 (29). Oxford: Blackwell. Labov, William (2007). "Transmission and Diffusion" (PDF). Language. 83 (2): 344–387
Philadelphia_English
Deaf sign language used in the US
Language and Henniker Sign Language, it was one of three local languages which formed the basis of American Sign Language. The deaf communities in the
Sandy River Valley Sign Language
Sandy_River_Valley_Sign_Language
Extinct and unclassified language
List of extinct Uto-Aztecan languages Dagostino, Carmen; Mithun, Marianne; Rice, Keren, eds. (2023-12-04). The Languages and Linguistics of Indigenous
Amotomanco_language
reading material for languages used by at least 5% of the public being served, so Vietnamese is often one of the offered languages. At the local level
Vietnamese language in the United States
Vietnamese_language_in_the_United_States
Extinct sign language of Henniker, New Hampshire, US
villages in the US. It was one of the three local languages which formed the basis of American Sign Language. Although the number of students from Henniker
Henniker_Sign_Language
English dialect of the American Midwest
are the product of language contact and notes that other areas in which they occur are places in which speakers of other languages have influenced such
North-Central American English
North-Central_American_English
Canadian linguist (born 1941)
and Kalapuyan: Another look at "Takelman". Society for the Study of the Indigenous Languages of the Americas. Mithun, Marianne. 1999. The Languages of
Marie-Lucie_Tarpent
Dialect spoken in the Great Lakes region
Great Lakes accent that reflected her Chicago roots" United States portal Language portal List of dialects of English North American English regional phonology
Inland Northern American English
Inland_Northern_American_English
Series by the Smithsonian Institution
Chinookans of the Lower Columbia. Michael Silverstein. Pages 533-546. Kalapuyans. Henry B. Zenk. Pages 547-553. Prehistory of the Oregon Coast. Richard
Handbook of North American Indians
Handbook_of_North_American_Indians
Indigenous sign language isolate
Orocovis Sign Language features several notable grammatical differences to its neighboring dominant languages. Like other village sign languages, LSOR signers
Orocovis_Sign_Language
American English accent of South Florida
second- or third-generation Miamians, particularly young adults whose first language was English but were bilingual. Since World War II, Miami's population
Miami_accent
Cant language that originated during the early 20th century in the United States
makes heavy use of code-switching (fluidly changing between two or more languages in a single conversation or exchange). Caló uses rhyming and, in some
Caló_(Chicano)
KALAPUYAN LANGUAGES
KALAPUYAN LANGUAGES
KALAPUYAN LANGUAGES
KALAPUYAN LANGUAGES
KALAPUYAN LANGUAGES
KALAPUYAN LANGUAGES
KALAPUYAN LANGUAGES
KALAPUYAN LANGUAGES
KALAPUYAN LANGUAGES