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Genetically modified mouse used in gene research
A knockout mouse, or knock-out mouse, is a genetically modified mouse (Mus musculus) in which researchers have inactivated, or "knocked out", an existing
Knockout_mouse
Small long-tailed rodent
A knockout mouse is a genetically modified mouse that has had one or more of its genes made inoperable through a gene knockout. Experimental mouse model
Mouse
Genetic technique
create knockout mice. With the aid of gene targeting, numerous mouse genes have been shut down, leading to the creation of hundreds of distinct mouse models
Gene_knockout
William; Rosen, Barry; et al. (2011). "A conditional knockout resource for the genome-wide study of mouse gene function". Nature. 474 (7351): 337–342. doi:10
Conditional_gene_knockout
Variety of genetically modified laboratory mice
they will not sell the woolly mouse, and that they will remain private for further de-extinction research. Knockout mouse Oncomouse Davis, Nicola (March
Woolly_mouse
Genetically engineered variety of rose
Eucalyptus Mustard Animals Mammals Mouse Knockout mouse Oncomouse Woolly mouse Gene-edited human Enviropig Herman the Bull Knockout rat Rabbit Ruppy Wolves Other
Blue_rose
Type of genetically engineered rat
that are unavailable in the mouse. Knockout rat models can also complement existing transgenic mouse models. Comparing mouse and rat mutants can facilitate
Knockout_rat
Scientific project organization
The International Knockout Mouse Consortium (IKMC) is a scientific endeavour to produce a collection of mouse embryonic stem cell lines that together
International Knockout Mouse Consortium
International_Knockout_Mouse_Consortium
American pharmaceutical company
Bradley's postdoctoral fellow Arthur T Sands. The company has used its mouse gene knockout technology and in vivo screening capabilities to study nearly 5,000
Lexicon_Pharmaceuticals
International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC) is an international scientific endeavour to create and characterize the phenotype of 20,000 knockout mouse strains
International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium
International_Mouse_Phenotyping_Consortium
Most common species of mice
a model organism, a great deal is known about mouse genetics, with a major tool being the knockout mouse technique. House mice usually live less than one
House_mouse
Mouse with altered genomes
A genetically modified mouse, genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) or transgenic mouse is a mouse (Mus musculus) that has had its genome altered
Genetically_modified_mouse
American biotechnology company
Eucalyptus Mustard Animals Mammals Mouse Knockout mouse Oncomouse Woolly mouse Gene-edited human Enviropig Herman the Bull Knockout rat Rabbit Ruppy Wolves Other
AquaBounty_Technologies
British biologist
Capecchi and Oliver Smithies, for his work in the development of the knockout mouse and the related technology of gene targeting, a method of using embryonic
Martin_Evans
Biomedical research institution
modeling. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) funds phase 2 of the Knockout Mouse Production and Phenotyping Project (KOMP2). Researchers link mutations
Jackson_Laboratory
Mouse carrying functioning human genes, cells, etc.
Nude mouse SCID mouse NOG mouse NSG mouse Mouse model of colorectal and intestinal cancer Mouse models of breast cancer metastasis Knockout mouse Chuprin
Humanized_mouse
Congenital extreme form of developmental delay and neoteny
disorder. A mutation in one gene (TMEM63B) was identified in a large knockout mouse study as likely to result in disease in humans. In two patients, a small
Neotenic_complex_syndrome
Topics referred to by the same term
KOMP 104.9 Radio Compa, an album by Akwid Knockout Mouse Program (KOMP), part of the International Knockout Mouse Consortium Comp (disambiguation) This disambiguation
Komp
mutant genes. The EUCOMM consortium is a member of the International Knockout Mouse Consortium, (an organisation including the EUCOMM, KOMP, NorCOMM and
EUCOMM
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
is largely unknown due to unidentified direct binding partners. Many knockout mouse models with tendon phenotypes have helped in understanding which upstream
Tenomodulin
World's only captive brown panda (born c. 2009)
brown-and-white coat. The team confirmed the effect with a CRISPR-Cas9 knockout mouse model, in which mice carrying the mutation developed lighter fur. The
Qi_Zai
Class of chemical compounds
HG; Gonzalez, FJ; Nebert, DW (2006). "Oral Benzo[a]pyrene in Cyp1 knockout mouse lines: CYP1A1 important in detoxication, CYP1B1 metabolism required
Benzopyrene
Species of virus
W.; Kugelman, Jeffrey R.; Herbert, Andrew S. (2026-03-20). "A STAT1-Knockout Mouse Model for Chapare Virus Infection and Pathogenesis". Viruses. 18 (3):
Chapare_virus
Lipid-containing residue associated with aging
this holds in vivo over longer time periods is not clear. The ABCR -/- knockout mouse has delayed dark adaptation but normal final rod threshold relative
Lipofuscin
Genetic technique that uses homologous recombination to change an endogenous gene
mice, the DNA is inserted into mouse embryonic stem cells in culture. Cells with the insertion can contribute to a mouse's tissue via embryo injection.
Gene_targeting
Annual prize awarded in the field of medicine (from 1895)
mice, employing embryonic stem cells through the development of the knockout mouse. In 2009, the Nobel Prize was awarded to Elizabeth Blackburn, Carol
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine
Exocrine gland in humans and other mammals
Broadus, A. E. (1998). "Rescue of the parathyroid hormone-related protein knockout mouse demonstrates that parathyroid hormone-related protein is essential for
Mammary_gland
Chemical compound
hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog, normalizes growth in the GHRH knockout mouse". American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism. 291
CJC-1295
Long projection on a neuron that conducts signals to other neurons
K, Surendran S, Tyring SK (2006). "Canavan Disease: Studies on the Knockout Mouse". N-Acetylaspartate. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology.
Axon
Acquired allergy resulting from tick bites
in causing alpha-gal syndrome has been confirmed using an alpha-gal knockout mouse model. This tick is established in the southeastern US, but has been
Alpha-gal_syndrome
Common strain of laboratory mouse
therefore it is used even more. In 1993 the first C57BL/6 gene targeted knockout mouse was published by a group at Hoffmann-La Roche in Switzerland. In 2013
C57BL/6
Popular model for studying Duchenne muscular dystrophy
the mouse model and human disease. To overcome these limitations, researchers have developed improved models such as the mdx/utrophin double knockout mouse
Mdx_mouse
Spanish molecular biologist (born 1965)
cloned one of the genes for mammalian telomerase and generated the first knockout mouse for telomerase. In 1997, she returned to Spain to start her own research
María_Blasco_Marhuenda
Uncontrolled gene flow into wild populations
Eucalyptus Mustard Animals Mammals Mouse Knockout mouse Oncomouse Woolly mouse Gene-edited human Enviropig Herman the Bull Knockout rat Rabbit Ruppy Wolves Other
Genetic_pollution
Medical condition
"Schneckenbecken dysplasia". In 2007, Hiraoka et al. created an SLC35D1-knockout mouse model, said experiment revealed that while mice heterozygous for the
Schneckenbecken_dysplasia
Blood proteins made in the liver and secreted into the bloodstream
drastically exacerbated when the fetuin-A knockout was combined with the genetic background DBA/2. The mouse strain DBA/2 is known for its proneness to
Fetuin
Biological process in primates
with a high GH secretion. An animal model of Laron syndrome, the GHR knockout mouse, shows severely impaired ductal outgrowth at 11 weeks of age. However
Breast_development
Fatty substance insulating nerve cell axons
K, Surendran S, Tyring SK (2006). "Canavan disease: studies on the knockout mouse". N-Acetylaspartate. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology.
Myelin
Lab mouse strain lacking immunity and fur
A nude mouse is a laboratory mouse from a strain with a genetic mutation that causes a deteriorated or absent thymus, resulting in an inhibited immune
Nude_mouse
X-linked dominant genetic disorder
(2002). "Behavioral and neuroanatomical characterization of the Fmr1 knockout mouse". Hippocampus. 12 (1): 39–46. doi:10.1002/hipo.10005. ISSN 1050-9631
Fragile_X_syndrome
Critical protein in embryonic development
Additionally, a double (SHH-/- ) knockout mouse model exhibited poor lung development. The lungs of the SHH double knockout failed to undergo lobation and
Sonic_hedgehog_protein
Protein-coding gene in humans
ultimately lead to cancer due to the loss of function as a sensor. Runx3 null mouse gastric mucosa exhibits hyperplasia due to stimulated proliferation and
RUNX3
Capecchi (born 1937) Italy United States "for the development of the knockout mouse and the related technology of gene targeting, a method of using embryonic
List of Clarivate Citation laureates in Physiology or Medicine
List_of_Clarivate_Citation_laureates_in_Physiology_or_Medicine
Medication
a major role in social reward in animals and the μ-opioid receptor knockout mouse is an animal model of autism. Studies on whether naltrexone can decrease
Naltrexone
Ramberg Capecchi (born 1937), and Oliver Smithies (1925–2017), U.S. – Knockout mouse, Gene targeting Ole Evinrude (1877–1934), Norway – outboard motor Charles
List_of_inventors
Sequence of DNA that determines traits in an organism
Bradley A, Bucan M, Capecchi M, Collins FS, et al. (September 2004). "The knockout mouse project". Nature Genetics. 36 (9): 921–4. Bibcode:2004NaGen..36..921
Gene
Sanger Institute, the project uses knockout mice most of which were generated by the International Knockout Mouse Consortium. For each mutant line, groups
Mouse_Genetics_Project
Iron and oxygen-binding protein
Laussmann T, Flögel U, et al. (Apr 2004). "Adaptation of the myoglobin knockout mouse to hypoxic stress". American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative
Myoglobin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
jellyfish, anemones) with a conserved protein domain composition. Using knockout mouse models of TNFAIP3 and its transcriptional repressor (i.e. KCHIP3), TNFAIP3
TNFAIP3
Genetically modified mouse for cancer research
of Virginia. Animal testing Biobreeding rat Biological patent Knockout mouse Woolly mouse European Patent Register entry for European patent no. 0169672
Oncomouse
Glycomics research initiative
conditional knockout mouse lines deficient in glycan-binding proteins or glycosyltransferases. All Core F strains are now archived at the Mutant Mouse Regional
Consortium for Functional Glycomics
Consortium_for_Functional_Glycomics
Chemical compound
it might cause liver damage in the high dose trial groups. Data from knockout mouse studies suggests that accumulation of high levels of the metabolic substrate
Lapaquistat
Opioid used to treat pain and opioid use disorder
activation by beta-endorphin in pons/medulla of the mu-opioid receptor knockout mouse". Neuroscience. 115 (3): 715–721. doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00486-4
Buprenorphine
American immunologist
biological, biochemical, and in vivo analyses using transgenic and knockout mouse models, and models of human inflammatory diseases including arthritis
Kodi_Ravichandran
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
suggesting that THOC5 may be involved in cancer development. Recent THOC5 knockout mouse data reveal that THOC5 is an essential element in the maintenance of
THOC5
Species of virus
Fever (CCHF) infections in suckling mice and in the interferon receptor knockout mouse model This indicates that Hazara orthonairovirus could represent a valid
Hazara_virus
Medical condition
G.; Carlson, M.; Lockridge, O. (2007). "The Butyrylcholinesterase Knockout Mouse as a Model for Human Butyrylcholinesterase Deficiency". Journal of Pharmacology
Butyrylcholinesterase deficiency
Butyrylcholinesterase_deficiency
Genome engineering tools
enable complete functional annotation of the mouse genome (coordinated by the International Knockout-Mouse Consortium, IKMC) with the ultimate goal to
Site-specific recombinase technology
Site-specific_recombinase_technology
Italian-American molecular geneticist (born 1937)
sister. Capecchi was awarded the Nobel prize for creating a knockout mouse. This is a mouse, created by genetic engineering and in vitro fertilization
Mario_Capecchi
Trace amine
Borowsky B, Seeman P, et al. (October 2007). "The Trace Amine 1 receptor knockout mouse: an animal model with relevance to schizophrenia". Genes Brain Behav
Phenethylamine
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
sheet secondary structure (7 strands; 18 residues). As of 2007, two knockout mouse models for nebulin have been developed to better understand its in vivo
Nebulin
Rare autosomal dominant cancer syndrome
removed without taking the whole kidney, in a partial nephrectomy. Knockout mouse studies have shown that administration of rapamycin may mitigate the
Birt–Hogg–Dubé_syndrome
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
due to the role it plays in brain development. An AHI1 heterozygous knockout mouse model was studied by Bernard Lerer and his group at Hadassah Medical
AHI1
Glycoprotein found in humans
lacritin promotes tearing in rabbit preclinical studies. In the Aire knockout mouse model of dry eye (considered similar to human Sjogren's syndrome), topical
Lacritin
the production of a knockout mouse. This is accomplished through the administration of one or more transgenes into a fertilized mouse oocyte’s pronucleus
Genetic_ablation
Group of biological receptors
G-protein-coupled epsilon receptor in the brain of triple opioid receptor knockout mouse". European Journal of Pharmacology. 492 (2–3): 131–6. doi:10.1016/j
Opioid_receptor
Protein that initiates male sex determination in therian mammals
Yamashita S, Tamano M, Miura K, et al. (November 2013). "Production of Sry knockout mouse using TALEN via oocyte injection". Scientific Reports. 3 (1) 3136. Bibcode:2013NatSR
Sex-determining region Y protein
Sex-determining_region_Y_protein
cycle inhibitors p21(Cip1) and p27(Kip1) enhances tumorigenesis in knockout mouse models. Oncogene. 2002 Dec 5;21(55):8486-97. PMID 12466968. Pledger
Warren_Jackson_Pledger
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
methylmalonyl-CoA, feeding back into the pathway. According to an Acsf3 knockout mouse model, threonine catabolism was identified as the major contributor
ACSF3
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
proteins—including PSD-93, PSD-95, and GluA1—and impairs CREB phosphorylation. TUSC3 knockout mouse models display neurodevelopmental deficits characteristic of human autosomal
TUSC3
Medical condition of dry eyes
preclinical studies. Also, topical treatment of eyes of dry eye mice (Aire knockout mouse model of dry eye) restored tearing, and suppressed both corneal staining
Dry_eye_syndrome
Group of enzymes
through which environmental toxicants contribute to PD pathogenesis." Knockout mouse models further confirm the involvement of ALDH family in neurodegeneration
Aldehyde_dehydrogenase
American scientist
"Antipurinergic therapy corrects the autism-like features in the Fragile X (Fmr1 knockout) mouse model". Molecular Autism. 6 (1): 1. doi:10.1186/2040-2392-6-1 (inactive
Robert_K._Naviaux
Protein found in humans
adrenocortical carcinoma patients. Mouse models where the Jag1 gene is turned off in certain tissues (conditional knockout mouse models) have been used to study
JAG1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
been investigated using Eid1-knockout mouse models. In one transcriptomic study, RNA sequencing of the Eid1-knockout mouse brain identified 2,531 genes
EID1
(born 1937), Italian-born US molecular geneticist, co-invented the knockout mouse, Nobel Prize in Medicine, 2007 Elof Axel Carlson (1931–2025), US geneticist
List_of_geneticists
American biochemist and academic
J. A., Lust, R. M., & Clemens, S. (2013). The dopamine D3 receptor knockout mouse mimics aging-related changes in autonomic function and cardiac fibrosis
Tracy_L._Johnson
Scientific endeavours to determine the complete genome sequence of an organism
Project 100K Pathogen Genome Project International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium IMPC Knockout Mouse Phenotyping Project KOMP2 Giant Sequoia, Sequoiadendron
Genome_project
Cardiac hormone which increases renal sodium excretion
in exaggerated cardiac hypertrophy in the atrial natriuretic peptide knockout mouse". Cardiovascular Research. 61 (4): 771–779. doi:10.1016/j.cardiores
Atrial_natriuretic_peptide
Small-molecule oxytocin receptor agonist
LIT-001 reduces social deficits in a mouse model of autism, specifically the μ-opioid receptor knockout mouse model. It was the first small-molecule
LIT-001
Free-radical aging theory
(2009). "The mitochondrial theory of aging: Insight from transgenic and knockout mouse models". Experimental Gerontology. 44 (4): 256–60. doi:10.1016/j.exger
Free-radical_theory_of_aging
Chemical compound
tested and found to be non-carcinogenic when using the established p53 knockout mouse model. The technology is currently in routine use in certain European
Psoralen
American molecular biologist and Nobel laureate
collaboration with Ronald A. DePinho, produced the first telomerase knockout mouse, showing that although telomerase is dispensable for life, increasingly
Carol_W._Greider
German-French geneticist
in mouse genetics. Koch has a PhD in genetics from the University of Cologne. She undertook postdoctoral research investigating a knockout mouse model
Linda_Koch
Test to measure pain
Wilson, Sonya G.; Mogil, Jeffrey S. (2001). "Measuring pain in the (knockout) mouse: Big challenges in a small mammal". Behavioural Brain Research. 125
Nociception_assay
American neuroscientist
Provencio, I.; Menaker, M. (2006). "Nonvisual light responses in the Rpe65 knockout mouse: Rod loss restores sensitivity to the melanopsin system". Proceedings
Ignacio_Provencio
neurons halts neuron axon growth and allows elongation of neurons. Knockout mouse data show that ID genes are essential for heart development. There is
Inhibitor of DNA-binding protein
Inhibitor_of_DNA-binding_protein
American physician and research scientist
collaboration with Carol Greider, he generated the first telomerase knockout mouse. This work led to a deeper understanding of telomerase and telomere
Ronald_DePinho
Medical condition
citrate diet delays progression of renal insufficiency in the ClC-5 knockout mouse model of Dent's disease". Kidney Int. 68 (2): 642–52. doi:10.1111/j
Dent's_disease
Extracellular proteoglycan
exon 3 knock out mice are somewhat similar to the TGF-β knockout mouse model. Exon 3 knockout mice also showed decreased wound healing and angiogenesis
Perlecan
Mouse used for scientific research
The laboratory mouse or lab mouse is a small mammal of the order Rodentia which is bred and used for scientific research or feeders for certain pets. Laboratory
Laboratory_mouse
Description of the structure and function of a genome
Blessed annotator: A variation of the museum model, applied in the Knockout Mouse Project (KOMP), in which curators go through a training period prior
DNA_annotation
Behavioral measure in animals
Branchek T, Gerald CP (October 2007). "The Trace Amine 1 receptor knockout mouse: an animal model with relevance to schizophrenia". Genes Brain Behav
Locomotor_activity
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
developing mouse embryo, CYP26B1 is expressed in the distal tip of the forming limb bud with an abundance in the apical ectodermal ridge. In a knockout mouse model
CYP26B1
Medical condition
Hill RA, Boon WC (2009). "Estrogens, brain, and behavior: lessons from knockout mouse models" (PDF). Semin. Reprod. Med. 27 (3): 218–28. doi:10.1055/s-0029-1216275
Estrogen insensitivity syndrome
Estrogen_insensitivity_syndrome
been used to generate mice with genes knocked out. The first recorded knockout mouse was created by Mario R. Capecchi, Martin Evans and Oliver Smithies in
History of genetic engineering
History_of_genetic_engineering
Class of immune system proteins
fever in humans. TLR11 deficient knockout mice, on the other hand, are efficiently infected. As a result, this knockout mouse can act as a disease model of
Toll-like_receptor
Class of proteins
heterodimers are critical for platelet production. Knockout mouse studies have shown that MafG knockout mice show mild thrombocytopenia, whereas MafG and
Small_Maf
Protein-coding gene in humans
cells. NPM1 knockout mouse embryos survive upto mid-gestation (9.5dpc-12.5dpc) (Colombo et al., 2005; Grisendi et al., 2005), whereas, knockout of pescadillo
Nucleophosmin
Dutch behavioral neurogeneticist
Crawley, Jacqueline (2007). What's Wrong with My Mouse: Behavioral Phenotyping of Transgenic and Knockout Mice. John Wiley & Sons. p. 138. ISBN 978-0-470-11904-4
Wim_Crusio
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