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Former eastern regions of Poland
Eastern Borderlands (Polish: Kresy Wschodnie), often simply Borderlands (Polish: Kresy, Polish pronunciation: [ˈkrɛsɨ]) was a historical region of the
Kresy
Polish irredentist national myth
The Kresy myth (Polish: mit Kresów) ('myth' in Polish sometimes not referring to a necessarily false belief as in English) also known as the Kresy Cult
Kresy_myth
Topics referred to by the same term
Kresy is the short form of the term "Kresy Wschodnie", former Polish Eastern borderlands. Kresy may also refer to the following villages: Kresy, Łódź
Kresy_(disambiguation)
Topics referred to by the same term
Kresy dialects of Polish: Northern Borderlands dialect Southern Borderlands dialect This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title
Kresy_dialect
Post WWII resettlement
eastern half of prewar Poland (also known as the expulsions of Poles from the Kresy macroregion), were the forced migrations of Poles toward the end and in
Polish population transfers in 1944–1946
Polish_population_transfers_in_1944–1946
Unit of Polish army in WW2
Uhlans Regiment smaller divisional units The division was named after the Kresy region (eastern borderlands of the Second Polish Republic). Stefan Orzechowski:
5th_Kresowa_Infantry_Division
Polish sports club
WCKS Kresy Tarnopol is a defunct Polish multi-sports club, which was located in Tarnopol, then in southeastern Poland; currently Ternopil, Ukraine. They
Kresy_Tarnopol
Settlement in Masovian Voivodeship, Poland
Zatorowizna-Kresy [zatɔrɔˈvizna ˈkrɛsɨ] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Lubowidz, within Żuromin County, Masovian Voivodeship
Zatorowizna-Kresy
Overview of dialects of the Polish language
population movements. They are: Northern Kresy, spoken along the border between Lithuania and Belarus Southern Kresy, spoken in isolated pockets in Ukraine
Dialects_of_Polish
Country in Eastern Europe
local autonomy as a way to minimise Soviet influence in Poland's eastern Kresy region. However, this approach was abandoned after Piłsudski's death in
Ukraine
1921 treaty which ended the Polish-Soviet War
1772 First Partition of Poland, recovering only those eastern regions (Kresy) lost to Russia in the 1795 Third Partition. Russia and Ukraine agreed to
Treaty_of_Riga
Unit of the Polish Army
The 46th Infantry Regiment (Polish: 46 Pułk Strzelców Kresowych, French: 4e Régiment d'Infanterie Polonaise), later the 5th Podhale Rifles Infantry Regiment
5th Podhale Rifles Infantry Regiment
5th_Podhale_Rifles_Infantry_Regiment
Defunct Political Party Poland
Państwowe Zjednoczenie na Kresach (lit. 'State Unity in the Kresy', PZK) was a political party in Poland. Despite an endorsement by Chief of State Józef
Państwowe Zjednoczenie na Kresach
Państwowe_Zjednoczenie_na_Kresach
1939 Soviet Union invasion of Poland
War, the Soviet Union entered the eastern regions of Poland (known as the Kresy) and annexed territories totalling 201,015 square kilometres (77,612 sq mi)
Territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union
Territories_of_Poland_annexed_by_the_Soviet_Union
Country in Central Europe
killed by Soviets during the Soviet Union's occupation of eastern Poland (Kresy). Similarly, German planners had in November 1939 called for "the complete
Poland
Bear in the Polish army (1942–1963)
supporting and publicizing historical projects around the world. "Kresy-Siberia Virtual Museum". kresy-siberia.org. 2014. Archived from the original on 30 July
Wojtek
Country in Eastern Europe
Curzon Line. Byelorus gained territory to the west: the formerly Polish Kresy. Joseph Stalin implemented a policy of Sovietisation to isolate the Byelorussian
Belarus
Concept in international relations among European countries
were originally from the Kresy region of eastern Poland including cities such as Lwów and Wilno. They had been deported from Kresy to the Soviet gulags when
Western_betrayal
Western parts of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Western Borderlands (Polish: Kresy Zachodnie, Polish pronunciation: [ˈkrɛsɨ zaˈxɔdɲɛ]) is a term used to refer to the western parts of the Polish–Lithuanian
Western_Borderlands
Unit of the Polish Army
Kresowa Cavalry Brigade (Polish: Kresowa Brygada Kawalerii) was a unit of the Polish Army in the interbellum period. It was organized on April 1, 1937
Kresowa_Cavalry_Brigade
Polish settlers in Western Belarus and Western Ukraine
the Polish Army and civilians who were given or sold state land in the Kresy (current Western Belarus and Western Ukraine) territory ceded to Poland
Osadnik
Civil uprising in 15th century Moscow
Moscow". Kresy - wiadomości, wydarzenia, aktualności, newsy (in Polish). 2014-03-29. Retrieved 2025-12-29. "How Poles burned Moscow". Kresy - wiadomości
Moscow_Uprising_(1611)
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
were originally from the Kresy region of eastern Poland including cities such as Lwów and Wilno. They had been deported from Kresy to the Soviet gulags when
Polish_Resettlement_Act_1947
Period of Poles Repatriation
of Poles living in the territories annexed by the Soviet Union (known as Kresy Wschodnie) took place in 1955–1959. The widely used term repatriation, promoted
Repatriation of Poles (1955–1959)
Repatriation_of_Poles_(1955–1959)
Historical region of Belarus
before the 1939 invasion of Poland, it was the northern part of the Polish Kresy macroregion. Following the end of World War II in Europe, most of Western
Western_Belorussia
had already arrested and imprisoned about 500,000 Polish nationals in the Kresy macroregion including civic officials, military personnel and all other
Soviet repressions of Polish citizens (1939–1946)
Soviet_repressions_of_Polish_citizens_(1939–1946)
Ukrainian- and Belarusian-language vernacular forms
or language spoken at home by the Tutejszy in the historical region of Kresy, which covers parts of modern Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania and a bit of Latvia
Simple_speech
1945 border agreement
officially accepted the ceding its pre-war Eastern territory to the USSR (Kresy) which was decided earlier in Yalta already. Some of the territory along
Polish–Soviet border agreement of August 1945
Polish–Soviet_border_agreement_of_August_1945
(link) Waligóra 1938, p. 40. Waligóra 1938, p. 41. "Self-defense in the Kresy (September 1918 – January 1919)" [Samoobrona Kresów (IX 1918 - I 1919)]
Self-Defence of Lithuania and Belarus
Self-Defence_of_Lithuania_and_Belarus
Polish poet and geographer
survives. Pol was probably first to introduce into Polish literature the term "Kresy" to describe the territories lying near the eastern frontiers of the Polish–Lithuanian
Wincenty_Pol
Former village in Rivne Oblast, Ukraine
liquidated during the Polish population transfers after World War II, when the Kresy macroregion was formally incorporated into the Soviet Union (as agreed at
Pańska_Dolina
Treaty between West Germany and Poland
compensation for the former Polish territory east of the Curzon Line ("Kresy"), which had been annexed by the Soviet Union in 1939. In West Germany,
Treaty_of_Warsaw_(1970)
Urban-type settlement in Brest Region, Belarus
and Russia. Between the two world wars, western Polesia was part of the Kresy region of Poland. Within the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Antopal was part
Antopal
Resistance to the Russian invasion of Ukraine in Russia
[Railway Partisans in Russia Admit to Derailing Carriages in the Far East]. Kresy (in Polish). ""Рельсовые диверсанты" сообщили о сходе поезда в Твери" ["Rail
Russian partisan movement (2022–present)
Russian_partisan_movement_(2022–present)
Polish sociologist and writer
were also published in the magazines like: FA-art, Opcje, List Oceaniczny, Kresy, Śląsk, NaGło’. Between 1992 and 1996 he managed the "Stage" section of
Jarosław_Gibas
13th Kresy Infantry Division (Polish: 13 Kresowa Dywizja Piechoty French: 13e Division d'Infanterie de Kresy) was a unit of the Polish Army in the interbellum
13th Infantry Division (Poland)
13th_Infantry_Division_(Poland)
1694 battle of the Polish–Ottoman War
Foundation page about "400" comic book "Hodów 1694 – Kresy – Portal Społeczności Kresowej". kresy.pl. 17 October 2012. Archived from the original on 16
Battle_of_Hodów
2016 Polish film
Retrieved 4 October 2016. "TVP przekazuje milion złotych na film "Wołyń"". kresy.pl. 28 May 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2016. dkaw (23 September 2016). "Festiwal
Volhynia_(film)
Ideology promoting the nation-state
multi-ethnicism and Polish rule over numerous minority groups such as those in the Kresy. The Jagiellon Concept was the official policy of the government in the
Nationalism
City in Rivne Oblast, Ukraine
KOP, and the Polish Army, with the 43rd Rifle Regiment (part of the 13th Kresy Infantry Division), and the 2nd Regiment of Mounted Artillery (part of Volhynian
Dubno
1943–1944 clashes in Poland
"Zasmyki". Historia na mapie, Kresy, Syberia, Deportacje Polaków, Zsyłki, Miejsca pamięci (in Polish). Retrieved 2025-05-03. "Moje Kresy. Zasmyki - kolebka 27
Defence_of_Zasmyki
Polish football club
non-Lwów team from former Kresy Wschodnie (Polish Eastern Borderlands) that ever appeared in the League. All other Kresy's teams were from Lwów. Śmigły's
Śmigły_Wilno
Polish minority, and the memory of the Polish Kresy is still cultivated. The attachment to the "myth of Kresy", the vision of the region as a peaceful, idyllic
List of irredentist claims or disputes
List_of_irredentist_claims_or_disputes
1939–1947 ethnic conflict
Czechoslovak armed formations. Fighting was concentrated in the south-eastern Kresy region (today Western Ukraine) of the German-occupied Second Polish Republic
Polish–Ukrainian conflict (1939–1947)
Polish–Ukrainian_conflict_(1939–1947)
Political boundaries between Poland and neighboring territories
Poland's old and new borders, 1945 (Kresy in gray)
Borders_of_Poland
German–Polish border since the end of World War II
statehood during partitions: Congress Poland/Vistula Land Galician autonomy Kresy Wschodnie ("Eastern Borderlands") Taken Lands (remainder of Russian partition
Oder–Neisse_line
Polish historian and museum director
believer in reconciliation of the various Christian denominations among the Kresy borderlands. Cywiński spent his childhood in Warsaw. Between 1982 and 1993
Piotr_Cywiński
Viceroy of India from 1899 to 1905
statehood during partitions: Congress Poland/Vistula Land Galician autonomy Kresy Wschodnie ("Eastern Borderlands") Taken Lands (remainder of Russian partition
George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston
George_Curzon,_1st_Marquess_Curzon_of_Kedleston
Polish aristocrat and politician
afterwards earned a degree as an engineer. He was a conservative activist from Kresy, and worked with the German installed Regency Council and Józef Piłsudski
Eustachy_Sapieha
Polish engineer
regarding the atrocities committed by the NKVD in and around the Polish Kresy region in 1941; and, an exhibit "Wolyn or our ancestors" organised in 2002
Ewa_Siemaszko
Ukrainian nationalist partisan organisation active during and after World War II
collective death sentence on all Poles living in the former south-eastern Kresy region of the Second Polish Republic, and a few months later, local units
Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army
Polish political movement
Lithuanian and Ukrainian) populations in Poland's eastern border regions (the Kresy). With the end of World War II, the occupation of the country by the Soviet
National_Democracy_(Poland)
Polish people exiled to Siberia
backgrounds from the Eastern Borderlands of Poland known as Kresy Wschodnie Kresy-Siberia.org Kresy-Siberia Foundation and Virtual Museum dedicated to research
Sybirak
Polish economist and WWII veteran
tanks that had been captured from the Germans. Micuta was born to a Polish Kresy family in Petrograd, Russia. He was the son of Leonard Micuta (1885-1916)
Wacław_Micuta
Soviet double agent (1923–1982)
in partisan operations. In October 1943 he was parachuted into occupied Kresy to assist partisans, but the German Wehrmacht arrested him, and he was taken
Aleksander_Kopatzky
compared to its 1939 borders. The prewar eastern Polish territories of Kresy, which the Red Army had overrun during the Nazi-Soviet invasion of Poland
Territorial changes of Poland immediately after World War II
Territorial_changes_of_Poland_immediately_after_World_War_II
Ukrainian nationalist flag
poszukuje sprawców". "Banderowska flaga we Wrocławiu. Interweniowała policja » Kresy - wiadomości, wydarzenia, aktualności, newsy". 6 April 2022. https://www
Flag of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army
Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army
1937–38 Soviet ethnic cleansing of Poles
Polish, but not all, with some belonging to various minority groups from the Kresy macro-region, for instance, Ruthenians; these groups in the Soviet worldview
Polish_Operation_of_the_NKVD
Polish poet, essayist and critic
Rzeczpospolita, Dziennik, Twórczość, Odra, Chimera, Res Publica Nowa, Kresy) and abroad (The New Yorker, Paris Review, Boston Review, Agni, American
Tadeusz_Dąbrowski
Eastern territories lost by Germany after World War II in Europe
lands to Poland was done in large part to compensate Poland for losing the Kresy lands east of the Curzon line, a region that was annexed by the Soviet Union
Former eastern territories of Germany
Former_eastern_territories_of_Germany
Village in Łódź Voivodeship, Poland
Kresy [ˈkrɛsɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Złoczew, within Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. "Główny Urząd
Kresy,_Łódź_Voivodeship
Sound change in Slavic languages
Rhodope dialects, including the Smolyan dialect). Polish dialects (Podlasie, Kresy) In Belarusian аканне (akanne), both non-softened and softened /o/ and /a/
Akanye
Second Polish Republic territory between East Prussia and the rest of Germany
statehood during partitions: Congress Poland/Vistula Land Galician autonomy Kresy Wschodnie ("Eastern Borderlands") Taken Lands (remainder of Russian partition
Polish_Corridor
City and administrative center of Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine
bot: original URL status unknown (link) Olszański, Tadeusz A. (2013). "Kresy Zachodnie. Miejsce Galicji Wschodniej i Wołynia w państwie ukraińskim" (PDF)
Ternopil
1918 Eastern Front battle of World War I
Michalik. 1994. p. 329. ISBN 978-83-86079-02-5. Retrieved 15 November 2012. Kresy wschodnie Rzeczypospolitej w obronie polskości. Muzeum Niepodległosći. 1999
Battle_of_Kaniów
Bilateral relations
Produktivität in den Kresy sowie in den ehemaligen deutschen Ostgebieten an. Im Artikel wird ermittelt, dass das Bruttoinlandsprodukt (BIP) der Kresy etwa 9,4 Milliarden
Germany–Poland_relations
Surname list
ethnic Poles after the Soviet annexation of eastern Polish territories (see Kresy), it is slightly more frequent in western Poland. Over 10,000 people have
Lach_(name)
Political philosophy based on tradition
the "Old" Galician and Kresy conservatives, usually landowners, which formed minor parties like the State Unity in the Kresy, and the "New Conservative"
Conservatism
Aristocratic Republic in Europe (1569–1795)
Commonwealth as mostly plains. The Commonwealth's southeastern part, the Kresy, was famous for its steppes. The Carpathian Mountains formed part of the
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth
Polish state from 1944 to 1989
provinces gained by Poland were economically better developed than the lost Kresy. A recent proposal for a macroeconomic calculation of the economic consequences
Polish_People's_Republic
Proposed country during World War I
Hellenoturkism Historic recurrence Intermarium (region) Intermediate Region Kresy Limitrophe states List of proposed state mergers Lithuanian–Polish–Ukrainian
Intermarium
1939 neutrality pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union
of eastern Poland. Eleven days after the Soviet invasion of the Polish Kresy, the secret protocol of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact was modified by the
Molotov–Ribbentrop_Pact
Political party
the Union of Silesian Insurgents and Union of the Defence of the Western Kresy, among workers it was also based on the General Federation of Labour (later
National-Christian Labour Union
National-Christian_Labour_Union
Polish cultural foundation, publishing house, archival institute and research centre
the ethnic cleansing of the Polish population of the Eastern Borderlands (Kresy) after the annexation of one-third of Poland's landmass in 1939, much of
Ossolineum
Settlement in Podlaskie Voivodeship, Poland
Kresy [ˈkrɛsɨ] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Bargłów Kościelny, within Augustów County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern
Kresy,_Podlaskie_Voivodeship
Polish poet, author, and lawyer (1898–1966)
spent a lot of his childhood traveling around Poland's eastern regions ("Kresy") with his family. He lived in Kiev, then in Warsaw, and later in Saint
Jan_Brzechwa
World War II, Poland lost 77,000 km2 (30,000 sq mi) of eastern regions (Kresy), gaining instead the smaller but much more industrialized so-called "Regained
Subdivisions of the Polish People's Republic
Subdivisions_of_the_Polish_People's_Republic
Polish footballer (1928–1981)
footballer who played as a forward. Kokot started his career playing with Kresy Chorzów and Bergknappen Chorzów during his youth years, with the latter
Alfred_Kokot
Left-wing partisan movements in Poland during World War II
Ukraine, Western Belarus, Lithuania and Białystok regions, known to Poles as "Kresy") the first Soviet partisan groups were formed in 1941, soon after Operation
Soviet_partisans_in_Poland
Polish football club
located in Grodno, Poland (now Belarus), on the historic territory of Kresy Wschodnie (Polish Eastern Borderlands). The club was founded in 1934, when
WKS_Grodno
Rural locality in Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine
Church) http://www.nieobecni.com.pl/index.php?s=cmentarz&id=211 https://kresy-siberia.org/museum-galleries/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tmPTjFT3eGw
Halushchyntsi
Polish-Ukrainian landowner and mentor of Joseph Conrad
is deemed a reliable picture of the Polish society of its time, in the Kresy (borderlands). Born March 19, 1829, in Terechów, a village in Berdychiv
Tadeusz_Bobrowski
Battle of Polish-Soviet War
98. ISBN 978-83-7072-650-8. Wyszczelski, Lech (2013). Wojna o polskie Kresy 1918-1921: walki z czerwoną Rosją, Ukraińcami i Litwinami. Historia. Warszawa:
Battle_of_Pinsk
Polish military unit
Polish army and help secure the territories inhabited by the Poles in the Kresy region. The Polish 5th Rifle Division found itself fighting in the northern
4th_Rifle_Division_(Poland)
West Slavic language
the older generation speaks a dialect of Polish characteristic of the Kresy that includes a longer pronunciation of vowels. Poles living in Lithuania
Polish_language
1945 agreement between the major 3 Allies regarding the end of World War II
statehood during partitions: Congress Poland/Vistula Land Galician autonomy Kresy Wschodnie ("Eastern Borderlands") Taken Lands (remainder of Russian partition
Potsdam_Agreement
Polish historian
in many books, internet portals, journals and newspapers related to the Kresy (former Easter Borderlands of Poland). She is also focused on the collection
Lucyna_Kulińska
Former shtetl in Wołyń Voivodeship, Ukraine
in the Peace of Riga, and it became part of the Wołyń Voivodeship in the Kresy Borderlands. Most of the population were engaged in agriculture, dairy farming
Trochenbrod
1945 WWII allied discussion of postwar reorganization
Poland's old and new borders, 1945 – Kresy in light red
Yalta_Conference
lesser extent Ukrainians were perpetrated in western Ukraine (prewar Polish Kresy) from 1943. The Ukrainian Insurgent Army participated. In September 1939
History_of_Poland_(1939–1945)
1967 Polish comedy film by Sylwester Chęciński
families, who after the end of the Second World War were resettled from Kresy to the Regained Territories, after Poland's borders were shifted westwards
All_Friends_Here
Clear distilled alcoholic beverage
century marked the start of real industrial production of vodka in Poland (Kresy, the eastern part of Poland, was part of the Russian Empire at that time)
Vodka
and Renaissance urban complexes in Europe. Meanwhile, the legacy of the Kresy Marchlands of Poland's eastern regions with Wilno and Lwów (now Vilnius
Culture_of_Poland
City county in Silesian Voivodeship, Poland
population and an influx of migrants from the Eastern Borderlands, the so-called Kresy. The city area began to quickly expand by incorporating the neighbouring
Katowice
Former territorial unit in the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic
after the Soviet annexation of Western Belorussia of (then part of the Kresy Zachodnie region in Poland) into the Byelorussian SSR on 14 November 1939
Vileyka_Region
Polish politician
Majchrowskiego mimo zarzutów. Prokurator, która je postawiła, poza zawodem » Kresy - wiadomości, wydarzenia, aktualności, newsy". July 26, 2025. v t e
Jacek_Majchrowski
their rule, deporting by 10 November 1940 around 10% of total population of Kresy, with 30% of those deported dead by 1941. They arrested and imprisoned about
Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)
Occupation_of_Poland_(1939–1945)
Reparations paid by Germany
acquired territory was a compensation for the Polish Eastern Borderlands (Kresy), which were annexed by the Soviet Union. France occupied the Saar protectorate
World_War_II_reparations
20th-century conflict between Poland and Russia
and the two Soviet republics permanently reclaimed what had been Polish "Kresy" from 1920 to 1939. Since the post-World War II adjustments, the borders
Polish–Soviet_War
Roman Catholic martyrs
the life of the town. In 1939, Nowogródek, located at that time in the Kresy-part of interwar Poland (nowadays central Belarus), was annexed by the Soviet
Martyrs_of_Nowogródek
KRESY
KRESY
KRESY
KRESY
Boy/Male
Greek
Taunted Odysseus.
Girl/Female
Australian, British, English, Hebrew
Shining White One; The Moon
Boy/Male
Scottish
Son of Henry.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Born
Male
Scandinavian
Scandinavian form of Old Norse Ãrni, ARNE means "eagle."Â Compare with another form of Arne.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Modern
Cheerful
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Embodiment of All
Boy/Male
Irish
Surname.
Male
Norse
Masculine form of Old Norse Þorbjorg, ÞORBERGR means "Þórr's protection."
Boy/Male
Tamil
Kindling
KRESY
KRESY
KRESY
KRESY
KRESY