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Space manufacturing and fluid behavior
Low-gravity process engineering is a specialized field that focuses on the design, development, and optimization of industrial processes and manufacturing
Low-gravity process engineering
Low-gravity_process_engineering
Study of making products from raw materials
engineering Industrial process Low-gravity process engineering Materials science Modular process skid Process chemistry Process flowsheeting Process integration
Process_engineering
Absence of the sensation of weight
a space station or automated artificial satellite through low-gravity process engineering, in an attempt to reduce crystal lattice defects. Such defect-free
Weightlessness
Process of mechanically stirring a heterogeneous mixture to homogenize it
In industrial process engineering, mixing is a unit operation that involves manipulation of a heterogeneous physical system with the intent to make it
Mixing_(process_engineering)
Gravitational force exerted by the planet Mars
The gravity of Mars is a natural phenomenon, due to the law of gravity, or gravitation, by which all things with mass around the planet Mars are brought
Gravity_of_Mars
Process of separating commercially valuable minerals from their ores
These processes are gravity separation, flotation, and magnetic separation. Gravity separation uses centrifugal forces and specific gravity of ores
Mineral_processing
Metal casting process that employs reusable molds
four main types of permanent mold casting: gravity, slush, low-pressure, and vacuum. The gravity process begins by preheating the mold to 150–200 °C
Permanent_mold_casting
Spacecraft launch or descent maneuver
A gravity turn or zero-lift turn is a maneuver used in launching a spacecraft into, or descending from, an orbit around a celestial body such as a planet
Gravity_turn
2012 video game
Gravity Rush, known in Japan as Gravity Daze, is a 2012 action-adventure video game developed and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation
Gravity_Rush
Space navigation technique
A gravity assist, gravity assist maneuver, swing-by, or generally a gravitational slingshot in orbital mechanics, is a type of spaceflight flyby which
Gravity_assist
Engineering and design of shipboard systems
Marine engineering is the engineering of watercrafts, ocean systems, and ocean structures. After completing this degree, one can join a ship as an officer
Marine_engineering
Technology used to produce heavy crude oil and bitumen
Imperial Oil from 1955 to 1982, invented the steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) process in the 1970s. Butler "developed the concept of using horizontal
Steam-assisted gravity drainage
Steam-assisted_gravity_drainage
Swiss theoretical physicist (born 1978)
Physical Sciences and Engineering category of the Blavatnik Award for Young Scientists in 2018 for revitalizing the theory of massive gravity and won the award
Claudia_de_Rham
Unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass sums to zero
inaccurate. A body's center of gravity is the point around which the resultant torque due to gravity forces vanishes. Where a gravity field can be considered
Center_of_mass
Device that measures proper acceleration
of gravity is significant, such as for aircraft and rockets. In the presence of a gravitational gradient, the calibration and data reduction process is
Accelerometer
Engineering discipline
Mining engineering is the extraction of minerals from the ground. It is associated with many other disciplines, such as mineral processing, exploration
Mining_engineering
Barrier that stops or slows the flow of water
water or restricts its flow. Dams are classified into four basic types: gravity dams are massive structures made of concrete or masonry that rely on their
Dam
infinite effective focal length. Agricultural engineering The profession of designing machinery, processes, and systems for use in agriculture. Albedo A
Glossary_of_engineering:_A–L
Refrigeration process
an engineering professor at the Technical University of Munich in Germany, patented an improved method of liquefying gases in 1876. His new process made
Vapor-compression refrigeration
Vapor-compression_refrigeration
rotor. Annular centrifugal contactors are relatively low revolutions-per-minute (rpm), moderate gravity enhancing (100–2000 G) machines, and can therefore
Centrifugal_extractor
Art project and book by Christian Waldvogel
while at the low-gravity tropic zones a thin atmosphere would allow only for plantations. The polar regions would have neither gravity nor atmosphere
Globus_Cassus
Water treatment process using gravity to remove suspended solids from water
The physical process of sedimentation (the act of depositing sediment) has applications in water treatment, whereby gravity acts to remove suspended solids
Sedimentation (water treatment)
Sedimentation_(water_treatment)
Material; type of glass
molten glass on a bed of molten metal of a low melting point, typically tin, although lead was used for the process in the past. This method gives the sheet
Float_glass
Process of bitumen treatment
treatment—a solvent-based gravity separation treatment—is "too low to be processed by an upgrader or refinery." The water-based gravity separation alone cannot
Froth treatment (Athabasca oil sands)
Froth_treatment_(Athabasca_oil_sands)
Branch of engineering
aeronautical engineering and astronautical engineering. Avionics engineering is similar, but deals with the electronics side of aerospace engineering. "Aeronautical
Aerospace_engineering
and in some cases excellent reduction. Gravity separation is an attractive unit operation as it generally has low capital and operating costs, uses few
Gravity_separation
Process by which a solid with a highly organized structure forms
crystallization process often referred to in chemical engineering is the fractional crystallization. This is not a different process, rather a special
Crystallization
Pouring liquid metal into a mold
mold material, such as sand or metal, and pouring method, such as gravity, vacuum, or low pressure. Expendable mold casting is a generic classification that
Metal_casting
Attraction of masses and energy
In physics, gravity (from Latin gravitas 'weight'), also known as gravitation or a gravitational interaction, is a fundamental interaction, which may
Gravity
Ratio of two densities
Relative density, also called specific gravity, is a dimensionless quantity defined as the ratio of the density (mass divided by volume) of a substance
Relative_density
Device using centrifugal force to separate fluids
of Nanoparticles with Novel Technology: High-Gravity Reactive Precipitation". Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 39 (4): 948–954. doi:10.1021/ie990549a
Centrifuge
Canadian mineral processing company
provides engineering and process design services. Products sold by Sepro include grinding mills, ore scrubbers, vibrating screens, centrifugal gravity concentrators
Sepro_Mineral_Systems
Process for selectively separating of hydrophobic materials from hydrophilic
Ricketts ripped out a gravity concentration mill and replaced it with the Minerals Separation process, the first major use of the process at an American copper
Froth_flotation
Industrial process based on lost-wax casting
variation on the gravity pouring technique is to fill the mould using a vacuum. A common form of this is called the Hitchiner process after the Hitchiner
Investment_casting
Loss of control of an exothermal process due to temperature increases
called thermal explosions in chemical engineering, or runaway reactions in organic chemistry. It is a process by which an exothermic reaction goes out
Thermal_runaway
Sensor to detect the level of substances that flow
For example, larger floats may be used with liquids with specific gravities as low as 0.5 while still maintaining buoyancy. The choice of float material
Level_sensor
Engineering discipline of marine vessels
electronic, software, and safety engineering as applied to the engineering design process, shipbuilding, maintenance, and operation of marine vessels and
Naval_architecture
Method of heat exchange in which convection drives pumpless circulation
returning by gravity. A good thermosiphon has very little hydraulic resistance so that liquid can flow easily under the relatively low pressure produced
Thermosiphon
Device for separating a liquid-vapor mixture into its component phases
top of the vessel. In low gravity environments such as a space station, a common liquid separator will not function because gravity is not usable as a separation
Vapor–liquid_separator
Acoustic analogue of a black hole in which sound plays the role of light
fields, such as gravity, in space and time. For this reason, a system in which a sonic black hole can be created is called a gravity analogue. Nearly
Sonic_black_hole
List of definitions of terms and concepts commonly used in aerospace engineering
Gravitational slingshot – In orbital mechanics and aerospace engineering, a gravitational slingshot, gravity assist maneuver, or swing-by is the use of the relative
Glossary of aerospace engineering
Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering
Method for producing solid materials from small molecules
In materials science, the sol–gel process is a method for producing solid materials from small molecules. The method is used for the fabrication of metal
Sol–gel_process
Refrigerator that uses a heat source
refrigerant-depleted liquid into a higher chamber, from which it will flow by gravity to the absorption chamber. The hot gaseous refrigerant passes through a
Absorption_refrigerator
Causes and list of disasters
Engineering disasters often arise from shortcuts or errors in the design process. Engineering is the science and technology used to meet the needs and
Engineering_disasters
C.Kaisermann et al. Integrated sophorolipid production and gravity separation, Process Biochemistry 2017, 54, 162-171. Deleu, M.; Paquot, M., From renewable
Sophorolipid
Hypothetical modification of Mars into an Earth-like habitable planet
atmosphere similar to Earth's. Hazards and difficulties include low gravity, toxic soil, low light levels relative to Earth's, and the lack of a magnetic
Terraforming_of_Mars
Joining metals using electricity, beneath a granulated flux material
(SMAW) process. SAW is normally operated in the automatic or mechanized mode, however, semi-automatic (hand-held) SAW guns with pressurized or gravity flux
Submerged_arc_welding
Dam in Changsha
reservoir. During times of low demand, water from the lower reservoir is then pumped back up to replenish upper reservoir. This process allows the station to
Heimifeng Pumped Storage Power Station
Heimifeng_Pumped_Storage_Power_Station
Open bottomed tube anchor embedded and released by pressure differential
installation process, pumping water into the caisson to create an overpressure. The concept of suction technology was developed for projects where gravity loading
Suction_caisson
Industrial device
process fluid evaporates on the outside of horizontal or vertical tubes. In all cases, the process fluid to be evaporated flows downwards by gravity as
Falling_film_evaporator
Principle relating to fluid dynamics
positive. So: W gravity = − Δ E pot,gravity = Δ m g z 1 − Δ m g z 2 . {\displaystyle W_{\text{gravity}}=-\Delta E_{\text{pot,gravity}}=\Delta m\,gz_{1}-\Delta
Bernoulli's_principle
Surface gravity waves with frequencies lower than the wind waves
Infragravity waves are surface gravity waves with frequencies lower than the wind waves – consisting of both wind sea and swell – thus corresponding with
Infragravity_wave
Wastewater treatment structure
specific gravity of suspended matter. Settling ponds may be ineffective at reducing turbidity caused by small particles with specific gravity low enough
Settling_basin
Device that imparts energy to the fluids by mechanical action
often of steam, to create a low pressure. This low pressure sucks in fluid and propels it into a higher-pressure region. Gravity pumps include the syphon
Pump
Highly viscous liquid fossil fuel
or specific gravity is higher than that of light crude oil. Heavy crude oil has been defined as any liquid petroleum with an API gravity less than 20°
Heavy_crude_oil
Scientific field of study
superseded today.[citation needed] He explained ideas such as motion (and gravity) with the theory of four elements. Aristotle believed that each of the
Physics
Food processing and manufacturing
of solids for processing Resource pulping Minimal water use, if any (short tempering) Note: Water is not used as a separation agent Low capital cost Lower
Dry milling and fractionation of grain
Dry_milling_and_fractionation_of_grain
Nuclear power safety method that does not require electrical power nor intervention
control rods drop driven by gravity once they have been released from their magnetic clamp. But nuclear safety engineering is never that simple: Once released
Passive_nuclear_safety
Measurement of the strength of a gravitational field
responsible for its creation are of interest. The study of gravity changes belongs to geodynamics. Gravity is usually measured in units of acceleration. In the
Gravimetry
Table used to concentrate heavy minerals
WC/97/061. Falconer, A. (2003). "Gravity Separation: Old Technique/New Methods". Physical Separation in Science and Engineering. 12 (1): 31–48. doi:10
Wilfley_table
Theory of gravitation as curved spacetime
known as the general theory of relativity, and as Einstein's theory of gravity, is the geometric theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in
General_relativity
Hypothetical invisible cosmic material
tensor–vector–scalar gravity (TeVeS), f(R) gravity, negative mass, dark fluid, entropic gravity, conformal gravity, and massive gravity. Alternative theories
Dark_matter
Form of placer mining
Materials with low specific gravity will rise upward, allowing these to be washed out of the pan, whereas materials with higher specific gravity, sinking to
Gold_panning
Oil field in Venezuela
well known for its extra Heavy crude oils, having an average specific gravity between 4 and 16 °API. The Orinoco Belt holds 90% of the world's extra
Carabobo_Field
Control loop feedback mechanism
due to gravity, external forces on the arm such as a load to lift or work to be done on an external object. The sensed position is the process variable
PID_controller
Sub-field of engineering concerned with human-made structures in the sea
Offshore geotechnical engineering is a sub-field of geotechnical engineering. It is concerned with foundation design, construction, maintenance and decommissioning
Offshore geotechnical engineering
Offshore_geotechnical_engineering
Laboratory in Idaho Falls, Idaho, United States
Chemical Processing Plant, Fuel Reprocessing Complex", 93 photos, 79 data pages, 15 photo caption pages HAER No. ID-33-I, "Idaho National Engineering Laboratory
Idaho_National_Laboratory
Converting wastewater into an effluent for return to the water cycle
forward to the next treatment stage. Gravity separation of solids is the primary treatment of sewage, where the unit process is called "primary settling tanks"
Wastewater_treatment
Wheel made from an alloy of aluminium or magnesium
made with aluminium casting. Tooling costs for gravity-cast wheels are among the cheapest of any process. This has allowed small batch production, flexibility
Alloy_wheel
Change in viscosity of a gel or fluid caused by stress
during zero gravity space flights by the US and Russian space programs. Solder pastes used in electronics manufacturing printing processes are thixotropic
Thixotropy
through the micro-gravity confines of space. Such variations slightly change the orientation and magnitude of a body force in a low-gravity testing environment
G-jitter
Sea harbor in Sardinia, Italy
for the processed ore. In the upper tunnel, an electric train was used to bring the load to the reservoirs: the ore was unloaded by gravity into hatches
Porto_Flavia
Study of earthquake-resistant structures
structures, or with gravity waves from tsunami. The loading that is expected at a given location on the Earth's surface is estimated by engineering seismology
Earthquake_engineering
Hypothetical planetary engineering process
changes to the surface environment of objects in the Solar System. The low gravity of Mars suggests that these impacts could have ejected much of the Martian
Terraforming
Metal casting process
die casting process that could successfully cast low-iron aluminium alloys, such as A356 and A357. In a traditional die casting process these alloys
Die_casting
kilometres. The engineering properties of such soils are as follows:[citation needed] High compressibility Low bearing capacity Low shearing strength
Major_soil_deposits_of_India
Physics of the Earth and its vicinity
corrections in magnetic data. In seismic data, electromagnetic data, and gravity data, processing continues after error corrections to include computational geophysics
Geophysics
Process that separates solids from fluids
separated from the less dense matter by the horizontal rotation. Gravity filtration is the process of pouring the mixture from a higher location to a lower one
Filtration
Process that improves the quality of water
low energy demands. Those water treatment technologies that have very low energy requirements including trickling filters, slow sand filters, gravity
Water_treatment
Chemical process
examples, systems engineering and design, remote measurement and control using intelligent sensors, biological process systems engineering, and advanced manufacturing
Process_miniaturization
Equipment used to transfer heat between fluids
J. (1983), Chemical Engineering – Design (SI Units), Volume 6, Pergamon Press, Oxford. Hewitt G, Shires G, Bott T (1994), Process Heat Transfer, CRC Press
Heat_exchanger
substances. They function similarly to other 3D bioprinting processes but are optimized for zero gravity settings. Limitations of microgravity bioprinting are
Microgravity_bioprinting
or slurry to be processed. Belt filters press have 4 main zones: preconditioning zone, gravity drainage zone, linear compression (low-pressure) zone and
Belt_filter
Device that facilitates dispersion of liquid into a spray
coatings process which are encompassed as the last stages in automotive coating. Among others rotary bells mounted on robots and hvlp (high volume, low pressure)
Spray_nozzle
Two-phase heat transfer device
the mass forces in gravity field adds to the total pressure losses and further affect the efficiency of the heat transfer process. As a result of these
Loop_heat_pipe
Machine component that moves a mechanism
printers has made a new pathway for fabricating low-cost and fast response SMP actuators. The process of receiving external stimuli like heat, moisture
Actuator
Iron alloy with a very low carbon content
Company. pp. 53–54. ISBN 0-87938-186-8. "Solids and Metals – Specific Gravity". Engineering Toolbox. Retrieved 20 February 2008. Pole, William (1872). Iron
Wrought_iron
Movement of solid particles, typically by gravity and fluid entrainment
movement of solid particles (sediment), typically due to a combination of gravity acting on the sediment, and the movement of the fluid in which the sediment
Sediment_transport
Composite construction material
of concrete mixes induced with low-cost surfactant functionalized graphene powder". Asian Journal of Civil Engineering. 23 (1): 39–52. doi:10.1007/s42107-021-00407-7
Concrete
Type of space station, intended as a permanent settlement
Patrick; et al. Artificial-Gravity Swimming-Pool. Space 98: Sixth International Conference and Exposition on Engineering, Construction, and Operations
Space_settlement
Aerobic treatment system, consisting of a biological reactor containing media
(pumps may be required if gravity flow is not possible). Another advantage is the high treatment efficiency given the low space requirement. Alternative
Vermifilter
Movement of rock or soil down slopes
movement of rock or soil down slopes under the force of gravity. It differs from other processes of erosion in that the debris transported by mass wasting
Mass_wasting
Mineral containing rare-earth elements
hardness of 5.0 to 5.5 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness and its specific gravity (aka relative density) is also 5 to 5.5. The elements in parentheses are
Monazite
Physical phenomenon
set of basic properties can be used, indispensable to modern process and chemical engineering, these properties include: Extremely high surface area contact
Fluidized_bed
Heat-transfer device that employs phase transition
understandable given the low weight, high heat flux, and zero power draw of heat pipes, and that they would not be adversely affected by a zero gravity environment
Heat_pipe
Cylindrical section of (usually) a naturally-occurring substance
civil engineering site investigations (where the technique shades into pile driving) and geological studies of recent aquatic deposits. The low strength
Core_sample
Engineering design method
which features, such as building elements and engineering components, are shaped based on algorithmic processes rather than direct manipulation. In this approach
Parametric_design
Water with salinity between freshwater and seawater
often expressed as 0.5 to 30 parts per thousand (‰), which is a specific gravity of between 1.0004 and 1.0226. Thus, brackish covers a range of salinity
Brackish_water
Alloy of manganese and iron
ferromanganese is as a type of processed manganese source to add to different types of steel, such as stainless steel. Global production of low-carbon ferromanganese
Ferromanganese
Industrial accident in North Lincolnshire, England (1974)
"Flixborough 25 years on". Process Engineering. Snee, T J (2001). "Interaction Between Water and Hot Cyclohexane in Closed Vessels". Process Safety and Environmental
Flixborough_disaster
LOW GRAVITY-PROCESS-ENGINEERING
LOW GRAVITY-PROCESS-ENGINEERING
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Dignity Gravity
Male
Polish
 Polish form of Yiddish Lev, LEW means "lion." Compare with another form of Lew.
Male
English
English unisex short form of French Louis and Louise, both LOU means "famous warrior."Â
Boy/Male
British, English
Laurel
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived by a copse or small grove, Middle English gravette, grevette (from a diminutive of Old English grÄf ‘grove’).Altered spelling of French Gravet, cognate with 1.
Boy/Male
Biblical
Hardness; his gravity; his offense.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Gravett.
Male
Greek
(Λώτ) Greek form of Hebrew Lowt, LOT means "covering, veil." In the bible, this is the name of a nephew of Abraham and father of Moab.
Boy/Male
Biblical
Hardness; his gravity; his offense.
Male
English
Middle English short form of English Lawrence, LAW means "of Laurentum."
Girl/Female
Indian
Gravity
Boy/Male
Muslim
Gravity
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from Gravely in Cambridgeshire or Graveley in Hertfordshire. The first is possibly from Old English græf ‘pit’, ‘trench’ + lÄ“ah ‘woodland clearing’. The second is from Old English grÇ£fe, grÄf(a) ‘grove’, ‘copse’ + lÄ“ah.Possibly an altered spelling of Swiss Gräffi, a variant of Graf.
Male
English
 English short form of Spanish Alonso, LON means "noble and ready." Compare with another form of Lon.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Hindu, Indian, Muslim, Sindhi
Dignity; Gravity; From Muslim
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : topographic name for someone who lived near a tumulus, mound or hill, Middle English lowe, from Old English hlÄw (see Law 2).Scottish and English : nickname for a short man, from Middle English lah, lowe (Old Norse lágr; the word was adopted first into the northern dialects of Middle English, where Scandinavian influence was strong, and then spread south, with regular alteration of the vowel quality).English and Scottish (of Norman origin) : nickname for a violent or dangerous person, from Anglo-Norman French lou, leu ‘wolf’ (Latin lupus). Wolves were relatively common in Britain at the time when most surnames were formed, as there still existed large tracts of uncleared forest.Scottish : from a pet form of Lawrence. Compare Lowry 1.Americanized spelling of Jewish Lowe.
Female
English
English name derived from the title, itself from Old French princesse, a feminine form of Prince, PRINCESS means "chief, first."
Boy/Male
Indian
Gravity
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Gravely.Possibly also a variant spelling of Swiss German Gräfli (see Gravely).
Male
English
 Short form of English Lewis, LEW means "famous warrior." Compare with another form of Lew.
LOW GRAVITY-PROCESS-ENGINEERING
LOW GRAVITY-PROCESS-ENGINEERING
Boy/Male
German
Evil.
Boy/Male
Indian
Comfort
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Daksha's Wife Name
Boy/Male
Arthurian Legend
Lover of Morgan le Fay.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Another Name for God; Evidence; Proof
Boy/Male
Tamil
Yellowish brown eyed
Boy/Male
Tamil
Rutajit | à®°à¯à®¤à®¾à®œà®¿à®¤
Conqueror of truth
Girl/Female
Indian
Dignified, Splendid
Girl/Female
Indian
Nectar
Girl/Female
Indian
Gift
LOW GRAVITY-PROCESS-ENGINEERING
LOW GRAVITY-PROCESS-ENGINEERING
LOW GRAVITY-PROCESS-ENGINEERING
LOW GRAVITY-PROCESS-ENGINEERING
LOW GRAVITY-PROCESS-ENGINEERING
superl.
Not loud; as, a low voice; a low sound.
a.
Importance, significance, dignity, etc; hence, seriousness; enormity; as, the gravity of an offense.
superl.
Numerically small; as, a low number.
superl.
Moderate; not intense; not inflammatory; as, low heat; a low temperature; a low fever.
a.
The state of having weight; beaviness; as, the gravity of lead.
superl.
Depressed in the scale of sounds; grave; as, a low pitch; a low note.
n.
The act, process, or art, of graving or carving; engraving.
superl.
Not rising to the usual height; as, a man of low stature; a low fence.
n.
A series of actions, motions, or occurrences; progressive act or transaction; continuous operation; normal or actual course or procedure; regular proceeding; as, the process of vegetation or decomposition; a chemical process; processes of nature.
superl.
Mean; vulgar; base; dishonorable; as, a person of low mind; a low trick or stratagem.
adv.
In a low mean condition; humbly; meanly.
adv.
With a low musical pitch or tone.
adv.
With a low voice or sound; not loudly; gently; as, to speak low.
superl.
Beneath the usual or remunerative rate or amount, or the ordinary value; moderate; cheap; as, the low price of corn; low wages.
superl.
Wanting strength or animation; depressed; dejected; as, low spirits; low in spirits.
superl.
Sunk to the farthest ebb of the tide; as, low tide.
superl.
Deficient in vital energy; feeble; weak; as, a low pulse; made low by sickness.
superl.
Smaller than is reasonable or probable; as, a low estimate.
superl.
Occupying an inferior position or place; not high or elevated; depressed in comparison with something else; as, low ground; a low flight.
n.
A low-lying piece of watery land; -- called also flow moss and flow bog.