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1974 aviation accident in Sri Lanka
Martinair Flight 138 was a charter flight of Martinair from Surabaya to Jeddah with a stopover in Colombo. On 4 December 1974, the Douglas DC-8 operating
Martinair_Flight_138
1978 aviation accident in Sri Lanka
airline and the second deadliest in Sri Lankan aviation history after Martinair Flight 138, another chartered DC-8 that crashed four years earlier (also chartered
Loftleiðir_Flight_001
Cargo airline of the Netherlands
November 2011, Martinair has operated entirely as a cargo airline with scheduled services to 20 destinations worldwide and additional charter flights. Prior to
Martinair
December 4, 1974, a charter flight from Surabaya to Jeddah with a stopover in Colombo operating as Martinair Flight 138 crashed while on approach to
List of aviation accidents and incidents involving CFIT
List_of_aviation_accidents_and_incidents_involving_CFIT
1980 aircraft accident in Saudi Arabia
Saudia Flight 163 was a scheduled Saudia passenger flight departing from Quaid-e-Azam Airport in Karachi, Pakistan, bound for Kandara Airport in Jeddah
Saudia_Flight_163
1980 aviation accident
Air China Flight 129 Air Inter Flight 148 Flydubai Flight 981 Garuda Indonesia Flight 152 Martinair Flight 138 Thai Airways International Flight 311 Korean
Dan-Air_Flight_1008
Town in Central Province, Sri Lanka
Central Province of Sri Lanka. It is the site of the 1974 crash of Martinair Flight 138, the worst air disaster in Sri Lanka. It is known for its mountains
Maskeliya
1991 aviation accident in Saudi Arabia
Nigeria Airways Flight 2120 was a chartered passenger flight from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, to Sokoto, Nigeria, on 11 July 1991, which caught fire shortly
Nigeria_Airways_Flight_2120
Accidents during the annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca
killing 176 Hajj pilgrims returning from Mecca. 4 December 1974: Martinair Flight 138 crashed near Colombo, Sri Lanka, killing all 191 people aboard –
Incidents_during_the_Hajj
1975 aviation accident in Agadir, Morocco
civil aviation history, behind those of Turkish Airlines Flight 981 and Martinair Flight 138 the previous year. The cause of the crash was determined
1975 Agadir Royal Air Maroc Boeing 707 crash
1975_Agadir_Royal_Air_Maroc_Boeing_707_crash
1999 aviation accident
Turkish Airlines Flight 5904 was a Boeing 737-400 on an international repositioning flight from Adana Şakirpaşa Airport in Adana, Turkey, to King Abdulaziz
Turkish_Airlines_Flight_5904
Crowd crush incident
Jordanian (1973) Martinair Flight 138 (1974) Loftleiðir Flight 001 (1978) Pakistan International Airlines Flight 740 (1979) Saudia Flight 163 (1980) Nigeria
1990_Mecca_tunnel_tragedy
January 2012. Retrieved 27 May 2013. "ASN Accident Description (Martinair Holland-138)". Aviation Safety Network. 4 December 1974. Archived from the original
List of deadliest aircraft accidents and incidents
List_of_deadliest_aircraft_accidents_and_incidents
serviced at Travis Air Force Base, killing one. 4 December 1974 Martinair Flight 138, a DC-8-55F (PH-MBH) crashed into Seven Virgin Mountain Range in
List of accidents and incidents involving the Douglas DC-8
List_of_accidents_and_incidents_involving_the_Douglas_DC-8
Busan Flight 391, an Airbus A321, suffered a ground fire at Gimhae International Airport. All 176 on board were evacuated. 4 December 1974 – Martinair Flight
List of accidents and incidents involving airliners by location
List_of_accidents_and_incidents_involving_airliners_by_location
1979 aviation accident in Saudi Arabia
1979, Pakistan International Airlines Flight 740, a Boeing 707 operating a scheduled international passenger flight from Kano, Nigeria, to Karachi, Pakistan
Pakistan International Airlines Flight 740
Pakistan_International_Airlines_Flight_740
Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca
Samaritan Hebrew: A Linguistic Analysis of Its Different Types. BRILL. p. 138. ISBN 978-90-04-13841-4. Archived from the original on 2 January 2022. Retrieved
Hajj
Crowd crush in Mecca
Jordanian (1973) Martinair Flight 138 (1974) Loftleiðir Flight 001 (1978) Pakistan International Airlines Flight 740 (1979) Saudia Flight 163 (1980) Nigeria
2006_Hajj_stampede
Extreme heat event in Mecca
Jordanian (1973) Martinair Flight 138 (1974) Loftleiðir Flight 001 (1978) Pakistan International Airlines Flight 740 (1979) Saudia Flight 163 (1980) Nigeria
2024 Hajj extreme heat disaster
2024_Hajj_extreme_heat_disaster
1695 capture of Mughal vessels
1695 to equal anywhere from £93,300 to £128,000 today. Burgess 2009a, p. 138 UK Consumer Price Index inflation figures from 1209–2024 based on data from
Capture of the Grand Mughal Fleet
Capture_of_the_Grand_Mughal_Fleet
people on board. 4 December 1974 Martinair Flight 138 (PH-MBH) Leased to Garuda Indonesian Airways for a Hajj flight crashed in Colombo, Sri Lanka, killing
List of Garuda Indonesia accidents and incidents
List_of_Garuda_Indonesia_accidents_and_incidents
Main airport in Colombo, Sri Lanka
and Overhaul Wing Construction Machinery Wing 4 December 1974 – Martinair Flight 138, a Douglas DC-8 operating by Garuda Indonesia flew into the side
Bandaranaike International Airport
Bandaranaike_International_Airport
Qarmatian attack in Arabia
Jordanian (1973) Martinair Flight 138 (1974) Loftleiðir Flight 001 (1978) Pakistan International Airlines Flight 740 (1979) Saudia Flight 163 (1980) Nigeria
924_Hajj_caravan_raid
Mountain range in Maskeliya, Sri Lanka
Svaptha Kanya, meaning Sleeping Virgin. 4 December 1974, the aircraft, Martinair Flight 138 crashed into the mountain shortly before landing, killing all 191
Saptha_Kanya
Crowd crush incident in Saudi Arabia
security forces. On 18 May 2025, after a decade Saudi Arabia resumed Hajj flight from Iran into the kingdom. The Mina disaster came at a time of increasing
2015_Mina_crowd_crush
1973 aviation accident in Nigeria
was powered by four Pratt and Whitney JT3D engines. The Captain of the flight was 53-year-old John Waterman, who had been flying for 22 years in the middle
1973 Kano Nigeria Airways Boeing 707 crash
1973_Kano_Nigeria_Airways_Boeing_707_crash
Armed Ghanjah dhow (trading ship)
Jordanian (1973) Martinair Flight 138 (1974) Loftleiðir Flight 001 (1978) Pakistan International Airlines Flight 740 (1979) Saudia Flight 163 (1980) Nigeria
Ganj-i-Sawai
Ritual performed by Muslims during Hajj in Mecca, Saudi Arabia
Jordanian (1973) Martinair Flight 138 (1974) Loftleiðir Flight 001 (1978) Pakistan International Airlines Flight 740 (1979) Saudia Flight 163 (1980) Nigeria
Stoning_of_the_Devil
Qarmatian attack on the Abbasids
Jordanian (1973) Martinair Flight 138 (1974) Loftleiðir Flight 001 (1978) Pakistan International Airlines Flight 740 (1979) Saudia Flight 163 (1980) Nigeria
Sack_of_Mecca
Clash between Shia pilgrims and Saudi Arabian security forces
Jordanian (1973) Martinair Flight 138 (1974) Loftleiðir Flight 001 (1978) Pakistan International Airlines Flight 740 (1979) Saudia Flight 163 (1980) Nigeria
1987_Mecca_incident
Crowd crush in Mecca, Saudi Arabia
Jordanian (1973) Martinair Flight 138 (1974) Loftleiðir Flight 001 (1978) Pakistan International Airlines Flight 740 (1979) Saudia Flight 163 (1980) Nigeria
1994_Hajj_stampede
9th century Hasanid Alid
Jordanian (1973) Martinair Flight 138 (1974) Loftleiðir Flight 001 (1978) Pakistan International Airlines Flight 740 (1979) Saudia Flight 163 (1980) Nigeria
Isma'il_ibn_Yusuf
2015 structural failure in Mecca, Saudi Arabia
Jordanian (1973) Martinair Flight 138 (1974) Loftleiðir Flight 001 (1978) Pakistan International Airlines Flight 740 (1979) Saudia Flight 163 (1980) Nigeria
Mecca_crane_collapse
Jordanian (1973) Martinair Flight 138 (1974) Loftleiðir Flight 001 (1978) Pakistan International Airlines Flight 740 (1979) Saudia Flight 163 (1980) Nigeria
2006_Mecca_hostel_collapse
Month of 1974
of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Raleigh, died of a heart attack. Martinair Flight 138 crashed in Sri Lanka, killing all 191 people aboard. Carrying Muslim
December_1974
Fire incident in Mecca, Saudi Arabia (1997)
Jordanian (1973) Martinair Flight 138 (1974) Loftleiðir Flight 001 (1978) Pakistan International Airlines Flight 740 (1979) Saudia Flight 163 (1980) Nigeria
Mecca_fire_of_1997
1998 tragedy in Mecca, Saudi Arabia
Jordanian (1973) Martinair Flight 138 (1974) Loftleiðir Flight 001 (1978) Pakistan International Airlines Flight 740 (1979) Saudia Flight 163 (1980) Nigeria
1998_Hajj_stampede
Expedition commanded by Vasco da Gama
Jordanian (1973) Martinair Flight 138 (1974) Loftleiðir Flight 001 (1978) Pakistan International Airlines Flight 740 (1979) Saudia Flight 163 (1980) Nigeria
4th Portuguese India Armada (Gama, 1502)
4th_Portuguese_India_Armada_(Gama,_1502)
Jordanian (1973) Martinair Flight 138 (1974) Loftleiðir Flight 001 (1978) Pakistan International Airlines Flight 740 (1979) Saudia Flight 163 (1980) Nigeria
Fabre_Line
Crowd crush in Mecca, Saudi Arabia
Jordanian (1973) Martinair Flight 138 (1974) Loftleiðir Flight 001 (1978) Pakistan International Airlines Flight 740 (1979) Saudia Flight 163 (1980) Nigeria
2001_Hajj_stampede
Respiratory tract infection affecting pilgrims
Jordanian (1973) Martinair Flight 138 (1974) Loftleiðir Flight 001 (1978) Pakistan International Airlines Flight 740 (1979) Saudia Flight 163 (1980) Nigeria
Hajj_cough
Day of the year
inspiration for Deep Purple's 1973 song Smoke on the Water. 1974 – Martinair Flight 138 crashes into the Saptha Kanya mountain range in Maskeliya, Sri Lanka
December_4
Species of virus
Jordanian (1973) Martinair Flight 138 (1974) Loftleiðir Flight 001 (1978) Pakistan International Airlines Flight 740 (1979) Saudia Flight 163 (1980) Nigeria
MERS-related_coronavirus
1944–1979 private Icelandic airline
Reykjavík, which operated mostly trans-Atlantic flights linking Europe and America, pioneering the low-cost flight business strategy on these routes. In 2003
Loftleiðir
Muslim women's movement
Jordanian (1973) Martinair Flight 138 (1974) Loftleiðir Flight 001 (1978) Pakistan International Airlines Flight 740 (1979) Saudia Flight 163 (1980) Nigeria
MosqueMeToo
Ceremonial passenger-less litter used in Hajj pilgrimage
Jordanian (1973) Martinair Flight 138 (1974) Loftleiðir Flight 001 (1978) Pakistan International Airlines Flight 740 (1979) Saudia Flight 163 (1980) Nigeria
Mahmal
1757 raid on a Hajj caravan
Jordanian (1973) Martinair Flight 138 (1974) Loftleiðir Flight 001 (1978) Pakistan International Airlines Flight 740 (1979) Saudia Flight 163 (1980) Nigeria
1757_Hajj_caravan_raid
and the An-12B crash-lands in the valley of the Ushakovka River. Martinair Flight 138, a McDonnell Douglas DC-8, crashes into a mountain near Maskeliya
1974_in_aviation
Ayyubid emir of Baalbek from 1175 to 1178
Jordanian (1973) Martinair Flight 138 (1974) Loftleiðir Flight 001 (1978) Pakistan International Airlines Flight 740 (1979) Saudia Flight 163 (1980) Nigeria
Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn al-Muqaddam
Shams_al-Din_Muhammad_ibn_al-Muqaddam
Health disaster
Jordanian (1973) Martinair Flight 138 (1974) Loftleiðir Flight 001 (1978) Pakistan International Airlines Flight 740 (1979) Saudia Flight 163 (1980) Nigeria
1817–1824_cholera_pandemic
crashed in Trincomalee killing its pilot. December 4, 1974, the Martinair Flight 138, a Douglas DC-8 crashed into a mountain on approach to Colombo International
List of aviation accidents and incidents in Sri Lanka
List_of_aviation_accidents_and_incidents_in_Sri_Lanka
KLM Flight 633 PH-LLM Lockheed L-188 Electra KLM Flight 823 PH-MBH Douglas DC-8 Martinair Flight 138 PH-MBN McDonnell Douglas DC-10 Martinair Flight 495
List of aircraft by tail number
List_of_aircraft_by_tail_number
1982 aviation accident in Louisiana
the aftermath in 2023. Delta Air Lines Flight 191 Eastern Air Lines Flight 66 Martinair Flight 495 USAir Flight 1016 In the list of victims provided by
Pan_Am_Flight_759
Final battle of the Second Fitna
Fishbein 1990, p. 225. Fishbein 1990, p. 208 n. Dixon 1971, p. 138. Dixon 1971, pp. 138–139. Fishbein 1990, p. 232. McAuliffe 1995, p. 230, note 1082.
Siege_of_Mecca_(692)
Fatal injuries during Islamic pilgrimage
Jordanian (1973) Martinair Flight 138 (1974) Loftleiðir Flight 001 (1978) Pakistan International Airlines Flight 740 (1979) Saudia Flight 163 (1980) Nigeria
2004_Hajj_stampede
Passenger-cargo ship
Jordanian (1973) Martinair Flight 138 (1974) Loftleiðir Flight 001 (1978) Pakistan International Airlines Flight 740 (1979) Saudia Flight 163 (1980) Nigeria
SS_Sardinia_(1888)
Virginia, killing all 92 on board. December 4 – Martinair Flight 138, a Douglas DC-8 on a charter flight, crashed into a mountain on approach to Katunayake
List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft
List_of_accidents_and_incidents_involving_commercial_aircraft
1644 naval battle
Jordanian (1973) Martinair Flight 138 (1974) Loftleiðir Flight 001 (1978) Pakistan International Airlines Flight 740 (1979) Saudia Flight 163 (1980) Nigeria
Action_of_28_September_1644
One of several 19th century epidemics
Jordanian (1973) Martinair Flight 138 (1974) Loftleiðir Flight 001 (1978) Pakistan International Airlines Flight 740 (1979) Saudia Flight 163 (1980) Nigeria
1863–1875_cholera_pandemic
Effect of viral outbreak on Muslim pilgrimage
Jordanian (1973) Martinair Flight 138 (1974) Loftleiðir Flight 001 (1978) Pakistan International Airlines Flight 740 (1979) Saudia Flight 163 (1980) Nigeria
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Hajj
Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Hajj
This is a list of aircraft accidents and incidents for which flight data recorders (FDRs) and/or cockpit voice recorders (CVRs) were not recovered, were
List of unrecovered and unusable flight recorders
List_of_unrecovered_and_unusable_flight_recorders
air crashes, near-crashes, fires, hijackings, bombings, and other mainly flight-related disasters and crises. It reveals the events that led to each crisis
List_of_Mayday_episodes
State-owned flag carrier of Algeria
million. "Operations: Air Transport – Air Algerie joins 767 club". Flight International. 138 (4227): 9. 1–7 August 1990. ISSN 0015-3710. Archived from the
Air_Algérie
Flag carrier of Trinidad and Tobago and Jamaica
and Jamaica. Headquartered in Iere House in Piarco, the airline operates flights to the Caribbean, North America and South America from its base at Piarco
Caribbean_Airlines
National airline of Turkey
1974 crash of Turkish Airlines Flight 981, when an aircraft design flaw led to a faulty cargo door breaking off in flight near Ermenonville, France, resulting
Turkish_Airlines
National airline of Iceland
relaunched in 1940 as Flugfélag Íslands, which translates as Flight Company of Iceland. Seaplane flights were operated in the vicinity of Vatnsmýri in Skerjafjörður
Icelandair
Low-cost airline of the United States
low-cost travel, but sought to distinguish itself by its amenities, such as in-flight entertainment, TV at every seat, and SiriusXM satellite radio. JetBlue sought
JetBlue
National airline of South Korea
airline based on fleet size, international destinations, and international flights. It is owned by the Hanjin Group. Korean Air is a founding member of SkyTeam
Korean_Air
Airline of the United States
unionization of flight attendants when the Association of Flight Attendants-CWA (AFA) was founded in 1945 by five United Airlines flight attendants. The
United_Airlines
Turkish airline (2001–2020)
were no notable injuries among the 138 other passengers and 5 crew members on board. On 30 November 2007, Atlasjet Flight 4203 from Istanbul to Isparta crashed
AtlasGlobal
Flag carrier airline of Australia
airline of Australia, and the largest airline by fleet size, international flights, and international destinations in Oceania. A founding member of the Oneworld
Qantas
Airline of Japan
operated its first cargo flight between Osaka and Tokyo using a de Havilland Dove, JA5008. This was the first scheduled flight flown by a Japanese pilot
All_Nippon_Airways
Airline of Canada
which gave the airline its name. On February 29, 1996, the first WestJet flight operated by a Boeing 737-200 departed. Initially, the airline served Calgary
WestJet
National airline of India
made a profit of ₹60,000 (US$620). Later, the airline launched a domestic flight from Bombay to Trivandrum with a six-seater Miles Merlin. In 1938, it was
Air_India
National airline of Bangladesh
Retrieved 14 October 2018. "Biman Bangladesh introduces ATP". Flight International. Vol. 138, no. 4244. 28 November – 4 December 1990. ISSN 0015-3710. Archived
Biman_Bangladesh_Airlines
Flag carrier airline of Kuwait
Airways". Flight. 67 (2407): 306. 11 March 1955. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013. "Civil aviation – Brevities". Flight. 68 (2426): 138. 22 July
Kuwait_Airways
National airline of Israel
إل-عال) is the flag carrier of the State of Israel. Since its inaugural flight from Geneva to Tel Aviv in September 1948, the airline has grown to serve
El_Al
Flag carrier of Uzbekistan
Moscow operations from Vnukovo Airport to Domodedovo Airport, with the flight from Tashkent being flown 4-times weekly. In February 2022 the airline received
Uzbekistan_Airways
State-owned flag carrier of Argentina
3 December 2013. "Iberia takes control of Argentine carrier". Flight International. 138 (4226). 25–31 July 1990. ISSN 0015-3710. Archived from the original
Aerolíneas_Argentinas
State-owned airline of Ethiopia
79. ISBN 978-99944-0-024-9. "Ethiopian score Boeing first". Flight International. 138 (4233): 35. 12–18 September 1990. ISSN 0015-3710. Archived from
Ethiopian_Airlines
National airline of Bahrain
founded in 1950. Headquartered in Muharraq, the airline operates scheduled flights to 65 destinations in 38 countries across Africa, Asia, and Europe. The
Gulf_Air
A350-900". airbus.com. Retrieved 30 June 2019. "Delta announces first A350-900 flight". Retrieved 20 September 2017. "Press Release Details - Ethiopian Airlines"
List of Airbus A350 orders and deliveries
List_of_Airbus_A350_orders_and_deliveries
Flag carrier airline of Poland
legally Polskie Linie Lotnicze LOT S.A. (Polish pronunciation: [lɔt], flight), is the flag carrier airline of Poland. A founding member of IATA, it is
LOT_Polish_Airlines
State-owned flag carrier of Egypt
late 1933, a twice-weekly Cairo–Aswan flight that called at Asyut and Luxor was inaugurated. Via Port Said, a flight from Cairo that served Lydda, Haifa
EgyptAir
Chinese airline
flight frequencies from Shanghai to other Chinese cities. The airline is also accelerating the pace of international expansion by increasing flight frequencies
China_Eastern_Airlines
Chinese airline
Beijing Daxing International Airport, the airline operates more than 2,000 flights to more than 200 destinations daily and was a member of SkyTeam until 1
China_Southern_Airlines
Flag carrier airline of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden
Copenhagen to Tokyo via Anchorage International Airport in Alaska. The flight via Alaska was a compromise solution since the Soviet Union would not allow
Scandinavian_Airlines
British short-haul airliner produced 1946–1967
Kenya, Uganda, Tanganyika and Zanzibar East African Airways Netherlands Martinair (then called Martin's Air Charter) Nigeria West African Airways Corporation
De_Havilland_Dove
Flag carrier airline of Jordan
from its main base at Queen Alia International Airport, with over 500 flights per week and at least 110 daily departures. It joined the Oneworld airline
Royal_Jordanian
Airline of Russia
Russia, that operates scheduled and chartered domestic and international flights out of Koltsovo International Airport. In 2018, the company transported
Ural_Airlines
National airline of South Africa
Africa by Skytrax in 2021, despite not having flown a single scheduled flight for 18 months. Since emerging from business rescue, SAA has grown steadily
South_African_Airways
National airline of Vietnam
Last Frontier". Flight International: 27. Archived from the original on 9 July 2014. "Vietnamese Airbus". Flight International. 138 (4242). London: Reed
Vietnam_Airlines
State-owned flag carrier of Bolivia
needed] On 29 March 2009, Boliviana de Aviación launched its first scheduled flight between the cities of La Paz, Cochabamba and Santa Cruz de la Sierra using
Boliviana_de_Aviación
National airline of Sri Lanka
retained its re-branded name and logo. SriLankan Airlines operates over 560 flights per week across Asia. SriLankan Airlines joined the Oneworld airline alliance
SriLankan_Airlines
Low-cost airline of Brazil
Transportes Aéreos S.A. and started operations on 15 January 2001 with a flight from Brasília to São Paulo. It is a subsidiary of the Brazilian conglomerate
Gol_Linhas_Aéreas
National airline of Panama
airline abandoned its domestic operations in 1980, in favor of international flights. In 1998, Copa formed a partnership with Continental Airlines, adopting
Copa_Airlines
Airline of Yemen
based in Sanaa. It operates scheduled domestic and international passenger flights to destinations in Africa and the Middle East out of its hubs at Aden International
Yemenia
Flag carrier of Papua New Guinea
could not possibly operate large jet aircraft hitherto flown by Qantas flight crews. Again with excellent training and support from Qantas, the PX crews
Air_Niugini
German low-cost airline
(RFG), two commuter airlines based in Nürnberg and Dortmund, respectively. Flight operations using an initial fleet of ATR 42 and 72 aircraft inherited from
Eurowings
Flag carrier of Suriname
operating feeder flights from a domestic network. Scheduled operations started with two Cessna 170Bs in January 1955 with domestic flights between Paramaribo
Surinam_Airways
MARTINAIR FLIGHT-138
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