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In number theory and set theory, the minimum overlap problem is a problem proposed by Hungarian mathematician Paul Erdős in 1955. Let A = {ai} and B =
Minimum_overlap_problem
Hungarian mathematician (1913–1996)
mathematics – History and development of mathematics in Hungary Minimum overlap problem Probabilistic method – Nonconstructive method for mathematical
Paul_Erdős
with a number of circles one less than a triangular number. The minimum overlap problem to estimate the limit of M(n). A conjecture that the ternary expansion
List of conjectures by Paul Erdős
List_of_conjectures_by_Paul_Erdős
sum of an odd prime number and an even semiprime. Minimum overlap problem of estimating the minimum possible maximum number of times a number appears
List of unsolved problems in mathematics
List_of_unsolved_problems_in_mathematics
Problems which attempt to find the most efficient way to pack objects into containers
every region of the container, where objects are allowed to overlap. In a bin packing problem, people are given: A container, usually a two- or three-dimensional
Packing_problems
Type of computational problem
the edge cover problem. Covering problems allow the covering primitives to overlap; the process of covering something with non-overlapping primitives is
Covering_problems
Method in signal processing
In signal processing, the overlap–add method is an efficient way to evaluate the discrete convolution of a very long signal x [ n ] {\displaystyle x[n]}
Overlap–add_method
Mathematical problem in operations research
In operations research, the cutting-stock problem is the problem of cutting standard-sized pieces of stock material, such as paper rolls or sheet metal
Cutting_stock_problem
Minimizing problem in computer programming
a range minimum query (RMQ) solves the problem of finding the minimal value in a sub-array of an array of comparable objects. Range minimum queries have
Range_minimum_query
Set of primitive shapes whose union equals a polygon
is minimal, but not vice versa. In a covering problem, the units in the covering are allowed to overlap, as long as their union is exactly equal to the
Polygon_covering
Unrelated vertices in graphs
independent set in an interval graph is just a set of non-overlapping intervals. The problem of finding maximum independent sets in interval graphs has
Independent set (graph theory)
Independent_set_(graph_theory)
Shortest network connecting points
Conversely, for any vertex v {\displaystyle v} of any minimum spanning tree, one can construct non-overlapping unit spheres centered at v {\displaystyle v} and
Euclidean minimum spanning tree
Euclidean_minimum_spanning_tree
Optimization problem in mathematics
given large polygon, such that no two small rectangles overlap. Several variants of this problem have been studied. In this variant, there are multiple
Rectangle_packing
Shape containing unit line segments in all directions
is an example of a Kakeya needle set. The Kakeya needle problem asks whether there is a minimum area of a region D {\displaystyle D} in the plane, in which
Kakeya_set
Smallest rectangle which encloses some planar set of points
empty and an "overlapping rectangles" test will produce a high number of false positives. One system that attempts to deal with this problem, particularly
Minimum_bounding_rectangle
Discipline concerning the application of advanced analytical methods
solutions to decision-making problems. Because of its emphasis on practical applications, operations research has overlapped with many other disciplines
Operations_research
3D computer graphics procedure
phase of hidden surface removal, if two polygons have no overlapping extents or extreme minimum and maximum values in the x, y, and z directions, then they
Newell's_algorithm
Path-finding using high-weight graph edges
widest path problem is the problem of finding a path between two designated vertices in a weighted graph, maximizing the weight of the minimum-weight edge
Widest_path_problem
Set of basic shapes which assemble into a polygon
rectangles, etc.), which do not overlap and whose union equals the polygon. A polygon partition problem is a problem of finding a partition which is minimal
Polygon_partition
arbitrary number of input sequences, the problem is NP-hard. The closely related problem of finding a minimum-length string which is a superstring of a
Shortest_common_supersequence
Tree data structure to hold intervals
intervals. Specifically, it allows one to efficiently find all intervals that overlap with any given interval or point. It is often used for windowing queries
Interval_tree
On bipartite matching and vertex cover
describes an equivalence between the maximum matching problem and the minimum vertex cover problem in bipartite graphs. It was discovered independently
Kőnig's theorem (graph theory)
Kőnig's_theorem_(graph_theory)
Problem optimization method
problem. If the solution to any problem can be formulated recursively using the solution to its sub-problems, and if its sub-problems are overlapping
Dynamic_programming
Index tree structure in computer science
(1990) because it emphasizes prevention of overlap in the bounding boxes, which increasingly becomes a problem in high dimensions. In cases where nodes
X-tree
Long-term meteorological dataset
documented locations. Up to 1722, available instrumental records fail to overlap, and Manley needed to use non-instrumental weather diaries, and to refer
Central_England_temperature
Study of mathematical algorithms for optimization problems
feasible elements), it is also the global minimum, but a nonconvex problem may have more than one local minimum not all of which need be global minima.
Mathematical_optimization
Kinetic data structure
different minimum boxes for n points is O ( n 2 + ϵ ) . {\displaystyle O(n^{2+\epsilon }).} The existence of a local data structure for this problem is an
Kinetic_minimum_box
Physical simulation to visualize graphs
forces may be placed on edges as well as on nodes in order to avoid overlap or near-overlap in the final drawing. In drawings with curved edges such as circular
Force-directed_graph_drawing
Unsolved problem in combinatorial geometry
Unsolved problem in mathematics How many non-overlapping triangles can be formed in an arrangement of k {\displaystyle k} lines? More unsolved problems in mathematics
Kobon_triangle_problem
Intersection graph of a chord diagram
there are also problems that remain NP-complete when restricted to circle graphs. These include the minimum dominating set, minimum connected dominating
Circle_graph
Collection of residue classes
that there is some maximum N<1016 which can be the minimum modulus on a covering system. Unsolved problem in mathematics Does there exist a covering system
Covering_system
Problem in computer science
{\displaystyle {\mathcal {U}}} . These sets may overlap. The optimization version finds the minimum number of such sets. The maximum set packing need
Set_packing
Property of a computational problem
induction that this is optimal at each step. Otherwise, provided the problem exhibits overlapping subproblems as well, divide-and-conquer methods or dynamic programming
Optimal_substructure
Theory within consciousness research
finding the minimum information partition of a neural system, which requires iterating through all possible network partitions. To solve this problem, Daniel
Integrated_information_theory
Körner–Imre Csiszár–Marton theorems. The result of An.A. Muchnik on minimum overlap above is an important theoretical application showing that certain
Information_distance
employee relations have seen the introduction of statutory agreements for minimum employee leave from work—that is the amount of entitlement to paid vacation
List of minimum annual leave by country
List_of_minimum_annual_leave_by_country
Data structure for storing non-overlapping sets
merge–find set, is a data structure that stores a collection of disjoint (non-overlapping) sets. Equivalently, it stores a partition of a set into disjoint subsets
Disjoint-set_data_structure
Problem of allocation of money by consumers in order to most benefit themselves
In microeconomic theory, the utility maximization problem formalizes how a consumer allocates limited resources across different goods and services. The
Utility_maximization_problem
Software designed to support and optimize warehouse and distribution center management
into this category. At this level, the duties of the WMS may begin to overlap with or supersede those of a Warehouse Control System or Warehouse Execution
Warehouse_management_system
Two-dimensional packing problem
Lubachevsky, Boris D.; Graham, Ronald L. (2009). "Minimum perimeter rectangles that enclose congruent non-overlapping circles". Discrete Mathematics. 309 (8).
Circle_packing_in_a_square
Logic-based number-placement puzzle
G. (2014). "There is no 16-Clue Sudoku: Solving the Sudoku Minimum Number of Clues Problem". Experimental Mathematics. 23 (2): 190–217. arXiv:1201.0749
Sudoku
Optimization algorithms using quantum computing
set of possible solutions. Mostly, the optimization problem is formulated as a minimization problem, where one tries to minimize an error which depends
Quantum optimization algorithms
Quantum_optimization_algorithms
Logical problem studied in computer science
theories (SMT) is the problem of determining whether a mathematical formula is satisfiable. It generalizes the Boolean satisfiability problem (SAT) to more complex
Satisfiability modulo theories
Satisfiability_modulo_theories
Problem of minimizing sum of transport costs
In geometry, the Weber problem, named after Alfred Weber, is one of the most famous problems in location theory. It requires finding a point in the plane
Weber_problem
Graphics structure
the tree removes more objects from further consideration. The volume of overlap of sibling nodes should be minimal. The BVH should be balanced with respect
Bounding_volume_hierarchy
Mental disorder
our understanding of overlapping genetics in bipolar disorders, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia, as well as the overlap in treatments for these
Schizoaffective_disorder
Concept in graph theory
(potentially overlapping) sets of nodes such that each set of nodes is densely connected internally. In the particular case of non-overlapping community
Community_structure
Classification of algorithm
solutions to complex optimization problems. The expected linear time MST algorithm is able to discover the minimum spanning tree of a graph in O ( m +
Galactic_algorithm
Closed volume that completely contains the union of a set of objects
operations, such as by using simple regions, having simpler ways to test for overlap. A bounding volume for a set of objects is also a bounding volume for the
Bounding_volume
Field of geometry closely arranging circles on a plane
on a given surface such that no overlapping occurs and so that no circle can be enlarged without creating an overlap. The associated packing density,
Circle_packing
Zone in which oxygen saturation in seawater in the ocean is at its lowest
The oxygen minimum zone (OMZ), sometimes referred to as the shadow zone, is the zone in which oxygen saturation in seawater in the ocean is at its lowest
Oxygen_minimum_zone
Algorithmic determination of wave cycle parts
guarantees, empirically able to converge to the global minimum when there is substantial overlap between adjacent short-time sections. To establish recovery
Phase_retrieval
the correspondence problem occurs in panorama creation or image stitching — when two or more images which only have a small overlap are to be stitched
Correspondence_problem
System of ownership, production and exchange
consumers. This fundamental problem clogs in the wheel of the chain of economic resources distributions can reduce to the barest minimum and optimize consumers'
Economic_system
Battery of statistical tests
and ≤ 4. Treat sequences of some number of bits as "words". Count the overlapping words in a stream. The number of "words" that do not appear should follow
Diehard_tests
Non-parametric classification method
such as for text classification, another metric can be used, such as the overlap metric (or Hamming distance). In the context of gene expression microarray
K-nearest_neighbors_algorithm
Chordal graph with the given graph as a subgraph
a perfect phylogeny can be modeled as a chordal completion problem. One draws an "overlap graph" G in which the vertices are attribute values (specific
Chordal_completion
Title bestowed on a chess player
Chess Championships. Because these events can last a long time, they may overlap: for instance, in February 2005 Joop van Oosterom was declared winner of
Chess_title
are adjacent in the graph whenever their intervals overlap in a length that is at least the minimum of their two tolerances. This class of graphs was introduced
Tolerance_graph
Logic problem, AND of pairwise ORs
problems in which a collection of objects each have two potential locations and the goal is to find a placement for each object that avoids overlaps with
2-satisfiability
Ability to make choices voluntarily
of Divine providence as understood in Judaism. (In fact the problem may be seen to overlap several others in Jewish Philosophy.) In Islam the theological
Free_will
Graph representing intersections between given sets
say to see also Čulík (1964). The intersection number of a graph is the minimum total number of elements in any intersection representation of the graph
Intersection_graph
2 is an open problem. Efficient kinetic convex hull in dimensions higher than 2 is also an open problem. Kinetic diameter Kinetic minimum box Guibas, Leonidas
Kinetic_width
Shape that blocks all lines of sight
asked for the minimum length of an interior barrier for the square, and subsequent work has largely focused on versions of the problem involving length
Opaque_set
Facility where people are kept as punishment
banning motoring offenders from driving. Restorative justice programs, which overlap with the above methods. Restorative justice is based around arranging a
Prison
set of points in the plane Longest path problem: find a simple path of maximum length in a given graph Minimum spanning tree Borůvka's algorithm Kruskal's
List_of_algorithms
Process by which a quantum system takes on a definitive state
\rangle =\sum _{i}c_{i}|\phi _{i}\rangle .} can be written as an (complex) overlap of the corresponding eigenstate and the quantum state: c i = ⟨ ϕ i | ψ
Wave_function_collapse
Subdivision into few independent sets
undirected graph is the minimum number of forests into which its edges can be partitioned, or equivalently (by adding overlapping edges to each forest as
Matroid_partitioning
Subfield of mathematical topology
topology, or computational topology, is a subfield of topology with an overlap with areas of computer science, in particular, computational geometry and
Computational_topology
Process to choose a course of action
published under the label problem solving, particularly in European psychological research. Decision-making can be regarded as a problem-solving activity yielding
Decision-making
2D geometric minimization problem
determine an overlapping-free packing of the rectangles into the strip, minimizing its height. This problem is a cutting and packing problem and is classified
Strip_packing_problem
Measure of similarity and diversity between sets
B|}}.} The Jaccard index can be interpreted as a normalized measure of overlap between two sets, where the intersection represents shared elements and
Jaccard_index
Signals in one channel affecting another
Where the electric, magnetic, or traveling fields of two electric signals overlap, the electromagnetic interference created causes crosstalk. For example
Crosstalk
Tabular arrangement of the chemical elements
Klechkovsky and later authors gave it theoretical justification. The shells overlap in energies, and the Madelung rule specifies the sequence of filling according
Periodic_table
Measure of unpredictability of outcomes
hence can be replaced by a minimum. This can then be expressed succinctly as a semidefinite program. Consider the primal problem { min: Tr ( σ B ) subject
Min-entropy
Political party in the United States
a coalition of centrists, liberals, and progressives, with significant overlap between the three groups. In 2019, the Pew Research Center found that among
Democratic Party (United States)
Democratic_Party_(United_States)
Optimization technique
minimal cut of the graph). Under most formulations of such problems in computer vision, the minimum energy solution corresponds to the maximum a posteriori
Graph cuts in computer vision and artificial intelligence
Graph_cuts_in_computer_vision_and_artificial_intelligence
Sexual preference for pubescent children
preference for a specific physiological appearance related to age) show overlap between pedophilia, hebephilia and ephebophilia. For example, the DSM-5
Hebephilia
48th edition of the Copa América
referee, Kevin Ortega, to the video monitor. Replays revealed a marginal overlap between Olivera's position and the foot of United States defender Chris
2024_Copa_América
Logical paradox from vague predicates
example, 500 grains is a pile and 1,000 grains is a heap. There will be an overlap for these states. So if one is reducing it from a heap to a pile, it is
Sorites_paradox
Train protection system in the UK and Victoria, Australia
System loops, and the brake will be applied to stop the train within the overlap. Multiple unit trains have an aerial at each end. Vehicles that can operate
Train Protection & Warning System
Train_Protection_&_Warning_System
Mathematical concept in graph theory
The efficient domination problem (ED problem) asks whether a given graph contains an efficient dominating set. The problem is NP-complete for general
Efficient_dominating_set
Machine learning strategy
with the desired outputs. The human user must possess expertise in the problem domain, including the ability to consult authoritative sources when necessary
Active learning (machine learning)
Active_learning_(machine_learning)
2013 film by James Ward Byrkit
story ... I was craving a more naturalistic type of dialogue, where people overlap and it's very messy, where people talk more like real humans talk. And
Coherence_(film)
Aspect of consciousness research
a way to explain number of problems of consciousness using the properties of hologram. A number of these theories overlap to some extent with quantum
Models_of_consciousness
Statistical sampling techniques
border. Thus, one can use Tomek links to clean up overlap between classes. By removing overlapping examples, one can establish well-defined clusters in
Oversampling and undersampling in data analysis
Oversampling_and_undersampling_in_data_analysis
Principle of signals used to control railway traffic
the overlap away from the clearance point. For diverging junctions, the minimum distance for a protecting signal away from the junction is the overlap distance
Railway_signalling
Canning process
bottom of a normal seam that resemble a "V" shape. There is usually no overlap of the cover hook with the body hook and these defects usually occur in
Double_seam
Local search algorithm
in 1989. Local (neighborhood) searches take a potential solution to a problem and check its immediate neighbors (that is, solutions that are similar
Tabu_search
Equations modelling predator–prey cycles
implies that the generations of both the predator and prey are continually overlapping. The Lotka–Volterra system of equations is an example of a Kolmogorov
Lotka–Volterra_equations
System of multiple interacting agents
sophisticated interactions and coordination among agents. Despite considerable overlap, a multi-agent system is not always the same as an agent-based model (ABM)
Multi-agent_system
Covering by shapes without overlaps or gaps
often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. In mathematics, tessellation can be generalized to higher
Tessellation
elect candidates, almost always male, Greek, educated citizens holding a minimum of land, wealth and status. Some critics of capitalism and/or representative
List_of_forms_of_government
Fear of balloons
with day-to-day life Globophobia has numerous symptoms, and most of them overlap with anxiety. Some symptoms of globophobia are: Rapid or shallow breathing
Balloon_phobia
production order. 65 episodes were produced for Season 1 because it is the minimum number of episodes necessary for a TV series to be successfully syndicated
List of Batman: The Animated Series episodes
List_of_Batman:_The_Animated_Series_episodes
Compact crossover SUV
the 2014 Forester achieved Good crash test ratings in Small Overlap Front, Moderate Overlap Front, Side, Roof Strength, and Head Restraining & Seats categories
Subaru_Forester
Subculture of individuals
origin and development. However, the Jargon File reports that considerable overlap existed for the early phreaking at the beginning of the 1970s. An article
Hacker_culture
Medical condition
specific symptom presentations. Clinical conceptions of mental illness also overlap with personal and cultural values in the domain of morality, so much so
Mental_disorder
Method for approximating eigenvalues
eigenvalues, which originated in the context of solving physical boundary-value problems. It is named after Lord Rayleigh and Walther Ritz. In this method, an
Rayleigh–Ritz_method
British TV drama series
an unknown reason, though this does not affect the chronology of the overlapping plots in the other three episodes. Reviewing the first episode, Lucy
Accused_(2010_TV_series)
MINIMUM OVERLAP-PROBLEM
MINIMUM OVERLAP-PROBLEM
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Overly.
Surname or Lastname
Norwegian
Norwegian : habitational name from any of some twenty farmsteads, mainly in Telemark and on the west coast, named Øverland, from øver ‘upper’ + land ‘land’.English : habitational name from Overland Farm in Kent, named with Old English yfer ‘hill brow’ + land ‘land’.
Girl/Female
Indian
Peace, Atishas overall ideal is one of spiritual enlightenment for well-being of mankind
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu
Themselves; Self; Inspired; Overall; Myself
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Increase; Excess; High Degree; Maximum; Feminine of Mazid
Boy/Male
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Jain, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit
Plenty; Maximum; Intelligent; Young and Dynamic; Earth
Boy/Male
English
Surname. The medieval castle or landholding reeve oversaw all feudal obligations.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Wished for child
Boy/Male
Bengali, Indian
A Beautiful Mind; Overall Body
Girl/Female
Christian, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Sindhi, Telugu
Wished-for Child
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from a place named Overley or Overleigh, as for example Overleigh in Cheshire, named with Old English uferra‘higher’ + lēah ‘(woodland) clearing’, ‘glade’.Americanized spelling of German Oberle, or of Oberley, Overley, topographic names from ober ‘up above’ + Middle Low German leie ‘rock’, ‘stone’, ‘shale’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name composed of Middle English overe, uvere ‘upper’ + hall ‘hall’.Translated form (literal) of German Überall, a nickname for a know-it-all.
Boy/Male
Irish
Is the Irish form of Old English ead “â€richâ€â€ + mund “â€guardianâ€â€, and implies “â€guardian of the riches.â€â€ In more recent times the name has been given to honor Eamon De Valera who was President of Ireland for 14 years, the maximum allowed, from 1959 to 1973.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Peace, Atishas overall ideal is one of spiritual enlightenment for well-being of mankind
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Unattached
Girl/Female
English, Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Small Daughter
Boy/Male
English
Son of Reeve. Surname. The medieval castle or landholding reeve oversaw all feudal obligations.
Boy/Male
French
Surname with American connotations due to Laramie; a town in Wyoming USA on the Overland Trail of...
Girl/Female
American, Australian, Latin
Truth; Faith
Boy/Male
African, Arabic
Far
MINIMUM OVERLAP-PROBLEM
MINIMUM OVERLAP-PROBLEM
Boy/Male
Hindu
Sound
Boy/Male
Tamil
Dharshith | தாரà¯à®·à®¿à®¤
Girl/Female
Indian
Immeasurable, Boundless
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained; perhaps variant of Dew.
Female
Arthurian
, Phoenician.
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Dutch, English, French, German, Latin, Spanish, Swedish
Beauty of Form; Charm; Love and Protection of God; Unmerited Favor; Graceful; Favor; Blessing; Good will
Female
Basque
, pure.
Girl/Female
Hindu
Twilight
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from places so called in Lancashire and Staffordshire (see Langton).
Boy/Male
Tamil
Worship
MINIMUM OVERLAP-PROBLEM
MINIMUM OVERLAP-PROBLEM
MINIMUM OVERLAP-PROBLEM
MINIMUM OVERLAP-PROBLEM
MINIMUM OVERLAP-PROBLEM
n.
A self-registering thermometer, especially one that registers the maximum and minimum during long periods.
n.
The least quantity assignable, admissible, or possible, in a given case; hence, a thing of small consequence; -- opposed to maximum.
n.
A minim.
n.
The lapping of one thing over another; as, an overlap of six inches; an overlap of a slate on a roof.
v. t.
To lie over or upon; specifically, to suffocate by lying upon; as, to overlie an infant.
n.
Minimum.
pl.
of Minimus
n.
In a curve referred to polar coordinates, any point for which the radius vector is a maximum or minimum.
v. t.
To put an overlay on.
n.
The greatest quantity or value attainable in a given case; or, the greatest value attained by a quantity which first increases and then begins to decrease; the highest point or degree; -- opposed to minimum.
adv.
In an overly manner.
v. t.
To load with too great a cargo; to overburden; to overload.
p. p.
of Overlie
n.
One who overlays; that with which anything is overlaid.
imp. & p. p.
of Overlay
a.
Greatest in quantity or highest in degree attainable or attained; as, a maximum consumption of fuel; maximum pressure; maximum heat.
a.
Being, or accomplished, over the land, instead of by sea; as, an overland journey.
imp.
of Overlie
pl.
of Minimum
v. t.
To slip or slide over; to pass easily or carelessly beyond; to omit; to neglect; as, to overslip time or opportunity.