AI & ChatGPT searches , social queries for MONTESARCHIO

Search references for MONTESARCHIO. Phrases containing MONTESARCHIO

See searches and references containing MONTESARCHIO!

AI searches containing MONTESARCHIO

MONTESARCHIO

  • Montesarchio
  • Comune in Campania, Italy

    Montesarchio (Neapolitan: Muntesarchio; Latin: Caudium; Ancient Greek: Καύδιον, romanized: Kaúdion) is a comune in the Province of Benevento, Campania

    Montesarchio

    Montesarchio

    Montesarchio

  • Girolamo da Montesarchio
  • Italian missionary

    The Italian Capuchin Girolamo da Montesarchio spent twenty years in the mid-17th century in the Kingdom of Kongo in West Africa. His manuscript account

    Girolamo da Montesarchio

    Girolamo_da_Montesarchio

  • Talos
  • Automaton in Greek mythology

    is shown fleeing from the scene. Another vase, from Caudium (modern Montesarchio), has been identified as depicting the death of Talos. A bearded Talos

    Talos

    Talos

    Talos

  • Castello di Montesarchio
  • The Castello di Montesarchio is a castle in Montesarchio in the province of Benevento, region of Campania, Italy. Since 2007, it houses an archaeologic

    Castello di Montesarchio

    Castello di Montesarchio

    Castello_di_Montesarchio

  • Nsi Kwilu
  • "Essiquilu" the term used by the Italian Capuchin missionary Girolamo da Montesarchio in 1650 for the territory along the Kwilu River near Matadi in the modern-day

    Nsi Kwilu

    Nsi_Kwilu

  • Valle Caudina
  • Valley in Campania, Italy

    needed], the east entrance is the passo of Sferracavallo in the comune of Montesarchio. The Valle Caudina is mostly flat and it is crossed by the Isclero river

    Valle Caudina

    Valle Caudina

    Valle_Caudina

  • Province of Benevento
  • Province of Italy

    Sanframondi Limatola Melizzano Moiano Molinara Montefalcone di Val Fortore Montesarchio Morcone Paduli Pago Veiano Pannarano Paolisi Paupisi Pesco Sannita Pietraroja

    Province of Benevento

    Province of Benevento

    Province_of_Benevento

  • House of Ávalos
  • Italian royal family that ruled parts of Italy

    Titles Prince of the Holy Roman Empire Prince of Francavilla Prince of Montesarchio Prince of Isernia Duke of Monte Bello Duke of Monte Itilia Duke of Monte

    House of Ávalos

    House of Ávalos

    House_of_Ávalos

  • Costa Concordia disaster
  • 2012 cruise ship sinking off the Italian coast

    important information, including the voyage recorder. Judge Valeria Montesarchio summoned survivors to testify at a hearing convened on 3 March in Grosseto

    Costa Concordia disaster

    Costa Concordia disaster

    Costa_Concordia_disaster

  • Caudium
  • Ancient city of the Samnites

    Caudium (modern Montesarchio) was the main city of the ancient Caudini tribe in Samnium situated on the Appian Way between Beneventum (modern Benevento)

    Caudium

    Caudium

  • Cautano
  • Comune in Campania, Italy

    about 13 km (8.1 mi) west of Benevento and about 13 km (8.1 mi) north of Montesarchio. Cautano borders the following municipalities: Campoli del Monte Taburno

    Cautano

    Cautano

  • I Borghi più belli d'Italia
  • Association of small Italian towns of historical and artistic interest

    Stilo Tropea Campania (11) Albori Atrani Castellabate Frigento Gesualdo Montesarchio Monteverde Nusco Savignano Irpino Summonte Zungoli Sardinia (9) Atzara

    I Borghi più belli d'Italia

    I Borghi più belli d'Italia

    I_Borghi_più_belli_d'Italia

  • Umberto Tozzi
  • Italian musician (born 1952)

    police officer originally from Vico del Gargano, and Immacolata from Montesarchio. They immigrated to Turin in 1945. In 1968, at the age of 16, Umberto

    Umberto Tozzi

    Umberto Tozzi

    Umberto_Tozzi

  • Taburno Camposauro
  • Mountain in Italy

    Bucciano, Cautano, Foglianise, Frasso Telesino, Melizzano, Moiano, Montesarchio, Paupisi, Sant'Agata de' Goti, Solopaca, Tocco Caudio, Torrecuso and

    Taburno Camposauro

    Taburno Camposauro

    Taburno_Camposauro

  • Samnium
  • Historical region of southern Italy; part of the Roman Republic/Empire

    Torricella Peligna and Montenerodomo), the Caudini (capital: Caudium, today Montesarchio) and the Hirpini (main cities: Beneventum, Abellinum, Aquilonia). They

    Samnium

    Samnium

    Samnium

  • Ferdinand I of Naples
  • King of Naples from 1458 to 1494

    brought with him Coreglia himself and Giovanni Ventimiglia, Count of Montesarchio, who, with a past as a man of arms over the years, was among the advisors

    Ferdinand I of Naples

    Ferdinand I of Naples

    Ferdinand_I_of_Naples

  • Gennaro Papa
  • Italian politician (1925–2018)

    politician who served as a Deputy from 1961 to 1963 and from 1968 to 1976. Addio a Gennaro Papa: fu deputato e sindaco di Montesarchio (in Italian) v t e v t e

    Gennaro Papa

    Gennaro Papa

    Gennaro_Papa

  • Biùtiful cauntri
  • 2007 Italian film

    Esmeralda Calabria, Andrea D'Ambrosio Starring Raffaele Del Giudice, Antonio Montesarchio, Mario & Patrizia Gerlando, Mario Cannavacciuolo, Sabatino Cannavacciuolo

    Biùtiful cauntri

    Biùtiful_cauntri

  • Apollosa
  • Comune in Campania, Italy

    municipalities: Benevento, Campoli del Monte Taburno, Castelpoto, Ceppaloni, Montesarchio, San Leucio del Sannio. "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane

    Apollosa

    Apollosa

    Apollosa

  • Torre del Greco
  • Comune in Campania, Italy

    composer Dario Nardella, mayor of Florence Torre del Greco is twinned with: Montesarchio (Italy) "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre

    Torre del Greco

    Torre del Greco

    Torre_del_Greco

  • Kingdom of Kongo
  • 1390–1914 state in Central Africa; Portuguese vassal from 1857

    to this sacred burial ground. According to the missionary Girolamo da Montesarchio, an Italian Capuchin who visited the area from 1650 to 1652, the site

    Kingdom of Kongo

    Kingdom of Kongo

    Kingdom_of_Kongo

  • Ceppaloni
  • Comune in Campania, Italy

    following municipalities: Altavilla Irpina, Apollosa, Arpaise, Chianche, Montesarchio, Roccabascerana, San Leucio del Sannio, San Nicola Manfredi, Sant'Angelo

    Ceppaloni

    Ceppaloni

    Ceppaloni

  • Principato Ultra
  • Historical province of the Kingdom of Naples and the Two Sicilies (1287–1860)

    Chianchetelle, Torrioni, Sant'Angelo a Cancelli, San Pietro Irpino Montesarchio Montesarchio, Bonea, Apollosa, Varoni, Pannarano San Giorgio la Montagna San

    Principato Ultra

    Principato Ultra

    Principato_Ultra

  • Miss Grand Campania
  • Italian regional beauty pageant

    who organized two separated regional events in Mirabella Eclano and Montesarchio, respectively. The winners of the contest represent the region of Campania

    Miss Grand Campania

    Miss Grand Campania

    Miss_Grand_Campania

  • Bonea
  • Comune in Campania, Italy

    Benevento. Bonea borders the following municipalities: Airola, Bucciano, Montesarchio, Rotondi, Tocco Caudio. "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane

    Bonea

    Bonea

    Bonea

  • Álvaro VII of Kongo
  • Mwene Kongo

    proclaimed king. The new king sent a trusted Capuchin, Friar Girolamo of Montesarchio, to make peace with the Portuguese in to Luanda, Angola, in Christmas

    Álvaro VII of Kongo

    Álvaro_VII_of_Kongo

  • Benevento
  • UNESCO World Heritage Site

    enlarged its domain by the addition of the territory of Caudium (now Montesarchio). A third colony was settled there by Nero, at which time it assumed

    Benevento

    Benevento

    Benevento

  • Della Leonessa
  • Italian noble family

    granted Guglielmo "William" Della Leonessa the Lordships of Airola and Montesarchio. Later the family also obtained San Martino Valle Caudina and numerous

    Della Leonessa

    Della Leonessa

    Della_Leonessa

  • Apollo and Marsyas (Giordano, Naples)
  • Painting by Luca Giordano

    Capodimonte (coming from the d'Avalos collection of Prince Andrea di Montesarchio), another in Brussels and another (the one formerly in the Roomer collection)

    Apollo and Marsyas (Giordano, Naples)

    Apollo and Marsyas (Giordano, Naples)

    Apollo_and_Marsyas_(Giordano,_Naples)

  • 1074
  • Calendar year

    the River Werra in Thuringia (modern Germany). February 7 – Battle of Montesarchio: Prince Pandulf IV, co-ruler of Benevento, is killed while fighting the

    1074

    1074

    1074

  • Jean Cuvelier
  • Belgian missionary and bishop (1882–1962)

    the works of Marcellino d'Atri, Luca da Caltanisetta and Girolamo da Montesarchio in the scientific-historical journal Ngonge Kongo in the 1960s. He also

    Jean Cuvelier

    Jean_Cuvelier

  • Giuseppe de' Medici, 2nd Prince of Ottajano
  • he married Andreana d' Avalos, daughter of Andrea d'Avalos, Prince di Montesarchio (1618-1709) and his wife, Andreana di Sangro. They had one son: Ottaviano

    Giuseppe de' Medici, 2nd Prince of Ottajano

    Giuseppe_de'_Medici,_2nd_Prince_of_Ottajano

  • Apollo and Marsyas (Ribera, Naples)
  • Painting by Jusepe de Ribera

    of Giovanni d'Avalos, probably the commissioner, to his son Andrea di Montesarchio. It was one of several works on the subject by Ribera - in his 1630 or

    Apollo and Marsyas (Ribera, Naples)

    Apollo and Marsyas (Ribera, Naples)

    Apollo_and_Marsyas_(Ribera,_Naples)

  • ASD Forza e Coraggio
  • Italian football club

    positive, the team Beneventana gleaned more points from Sporting Guard, Montesarchio and St. Thomas and with three days in advance won the same championship

    ASD Forza e Coraggio

    ASD_Forza_e_Coraggio

  • Cesare d'Avalos
  • 16th-century Italian condottiero

    Antonia Carafa, having two sons: Giovanni, who was appointed Prince of Montesarchio by Philip IV in 1628, and Innico, who inherited the marquisates of Pescara

    Cesare d'Avalos

    Cesare_d'Avalos

  • List of castles in Italy
  • Castle [it], Cusano Mutri Faicchio Castle [it], Faicchio D'Avalos Castle [it], Montesarchio Rocca of San Salvatore Telesino [it], San Salvatore Telesino Province

    List of castles in Italy

    List of castles in Italy

    List_of_castles_in_Italy

  • Miss Grand Basilicata
  • Italian female beauty pageant

    Campania on 31 August of that year at the Centro Commerciale Liz Gallery in Montesarchio, The contest featured 20 contestants, of whom, a model Mirea Sorrentino

    Miss Grand Basilicata

    Miss Grand Basilicata

    Miss_Grand_Basilicata

  • Vespertilio Awards
  • Italian genre movie award

    4 awards, including Best Supporting Actress for Paola Sambo, Romano Montesarchio’s film, Glory Hole, wins Best Original Screenplay. and the Aldo Lado award

    Vespertilio Awards

    Vespertilio_Awards

  • Catholic Church in Kongo
  • Giovanni Francesco da Roma (1648), Antonio de Teruel (1664), Girolamo da Montesarchio (1668), Girolamo Merolla da Sorrento (1688), Luca da Caltanisetta (1701)

    Catholic Church in Kongo

    Catholic Church in Kongo

    Catholic_Church_in_Kongo

  • Vitalian of Capua
  • native of the ancient city of Caudium, which corresponds to today's Montesarchio, which lay on the Appian Way between Capua and Benevento. He is considered

    Vitalian of Capua

    Vitalian_of_Capua

  • Climate of Italy
  • Jessica; Ripesi, Patrizio; Amendola, Stefano; Bucchignani, Edoardo; Montesarchio, Myriam (20 March 2026). "Observed Trends in Aviation-Related Weather

    Climate of Italy

    Climate of Italy

    Climate_of_Italy

  • Carlo Gesualdo
  • Italian prince, composer and murderer (1566–1613)

    cousin, Donna Maria d'Avalos, the daughter of Carlo d'Avalos, prince of Montesarchio and Sveva Gesualdo. They had one child, a son, Don Emmanuele. Gesualdo

    Carlo Gesualdo

    Carlo Gesualdo

    Carlo_Gesualdo

  • Alphabetical list of municipalities of Italy
  • Marittimo Monterubbiano Montesano Salentino Montesano sulla Marcellana Montesarchio Montescaglioso Montescano Montescheno Montescudaio Montescudo-Monte Colombo

    Alphabetical list of municipalities of Italy

    Alphabetical_list_of_municipalities_of_Italy

  • List of municipalities of the Province of Benevento
  • Molinara 1,388 24.16 57.5 Montefalcone di Val Fortore 1,260 41.94 30.0 Montesarchio 12,969 26.51 489.2 Morcone 4,422 101.33 43.6 Paduli 3,524 45.30 77.8

    List of municipalities of the Province of Benevento

    List_of_municipalities_of_the_Province_of_Benevento

  • Paduli
  • Comune in Campania, Italy

    (modern Raviscanina/Presenzano), Bovianum (modern Bojano), Caudium (modern Montesarchio), Herdonia (modern Ordona), Avella (modern Abella), and Aesernia (modern

    Paduli

    Paduli

    Paduli

  • Asteas
  • 4th-century BC Greek (Paestan) Vase painter

    Antikensammlung Calyx krater F 3044 [1] Kassel, Staatliche Museen Skyphos Montesarchio, Museo Archeologico Nazionale del Sannio Caudino Calyx krater. Formerly

    Asteas

    Asteas

    Asteas

  • Pandulf IV of Benevento
  • Pandulf warred against the Normans . He was killed at the Battle of Montesarchio on 7 February 1074. Caravale, Mario (2004). Dizionario Biografico degli

    Pandulf IV of Benevento

    Pandulf_IV_of_Benevento

  • List of twin towns and sister cities in France
  • Maria a Vico, Italy Gap Pinerolo, Italy Traunstein, Germany La Garde Montesarchio, Italy Spa, Belgium La Garenne-Colombes Harissa-Daraoun, Lebanon Valpaços

    List of twin towns and sister cities in France

    List of twin towns and sister cities in France

    List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_France

  • Antonio Di Maria
  • Italian politician (born 1971)

    Di Maria defeated the center-left candidate Franco Damiano, mayor of Montesarchio. Di Maria won under the banner of the Us of the Centre party. Commenting

    Antonio Di Maria

    Antonio_Di_Maria

  • List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy
  • States Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina Termas de Río Hondo, Argentina Montesarchio Bethlehem, Palestine La Garde, France Montesilvano Gradiška, Bosnia and

    List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy

    List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy

    List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Italy

  • Caudini
  • citizens of Caudium. The cities of the Caudini included Caudium (modern Montesarchio), Telesia (modern San Salvatore Telesino), Saticula (modern Sant'Agata

    Caudini

    Caudini

  • List of twin towns and sister cities in Palestine
  • Marrickville (Inner West), Australia Milan, Italy Monterrey, Mexico Montesarchio, Italy Montevarchi, Italy Montpellier, France Natal, Brazil Orvieto,

    List of twin towns and sister cities in Palestine

    List of twin towns and sister cities in Palestine

    List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Palestine

  • Deaths in December 2018
  • Dödsannons (in Swedish) Addio a Gennaro Papa: fu deputato e sindaco di Montesarchio (in Italian) Al Reinert, Oscar-Nominated 'Apollo 13' Screenwriter, Dies

    Deaths in December 2018

    Deaths_in_December_2018

  • List of rulers of Kongo
  • Claimed the title of Manikongo. He sent Capuchin friar, Friar Girolamo of Montesarchio, to make peace with the Portuguese in to Luanda, in Christmas 1665. But

    List of rulers of Kongo

    List of rulers of Kongo

    List_of_rulers_of_Kongo

  • Bartolomeo d'Aragona
  • Statesman and count

    Duchy of Athens, Governor of Naples, Marquis of Geraci (1436), Count of Montesarchio, lord of Bitonto, Sciacca, Cefalù etc. Ghisalberti, Alberto M., ed. Dizionario

    Bartolomeo d'Aragona

    Bartolomeo_d'Aragona

  • 1070s
  • Decade

    the River Werra in Thuringia (modern Germany). February 7 – Battle of Montesarchio: Prince Pandulf IV, co-ruler of Benevento, is killed while fighting the

    1070s

    1070s

  • Leonardo Bianchi
  • Italian neurologist (1848–1927)

    Galdo in the Italian Parliament. He was re-elected again as deputy for Montesarchio in 1897, where he was an activist for school and cultural reform. During

    Leonardo Bianchi

    Leonardo Bianchi

    Leonardo_Bianchi

  • List of railway stations in Campania
  • Marcellino-Frignano San Marcellino Caserta Bronze San Martino-Montesarchio-Pannarano Montesarchio Benevento Silver San Michele di Serino San Michele di Serino

    List of railway stations in Campania

    List_of_railway_stations_in_Campania

  • RNA therapeutics
  • Medications based on ribonucleic acids

    1046/j.1365-2567.2003.01722.x. PMC 1783041. PMID 14511239. Musumeci D, Montesarchio D (November 2012). "Polyvalent nucleic acid aptamers and modulation of

    RNA therapeutics

    RNA_therapeutics

  • La Garde, Var
  • Commune in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France

    Montesarchio, Italy Spa, Belgium

    La Garde, Var

    La Garde, Var

    La_Garde,_Var

  • Ventimiglia family
  • Italian noble family

    Pollina, Caronia (from 1412), Cefalù, Sciacca, Termini Imerese, Count of Montesarchio, Bitonto, Casamassima, Serracapriola, Castellamare di Stabia, Orta Nova

    Ventimiglia family

    Ventimiglia_family

  • Giuseppe Casoria
  • Italian Cardinal (1908–2001)

    Casoria. He was baptized in the cathedral of Acerra by Fr. Vincenzo Montesarchio; his godfather was Vincenzo del Giudice, a friend of the family. After

    Giuseppe Casoria

    Giuseppe Casoria

    Giuseppe_Casoria

  • Giovanni II Ventimiglia, 6th Marquess of Geraci
  • Sicilian aristocrat

    Pollina, Caronia (from 1412), Cefalù, Sciacca, Termini Imerese; Count of Montesarchio, Bitonto, Casamassima, Serracapriola, Castellamare di Stabia, Orta Nova

    Giovanni II Ventimiglia, 6th Marquess of Geraci

    Giovanni II Ventimiglia, 6th Marquess of Geraci

    Giovanni_II_Ventimiglia,_6th_Marquess_of_Geraci

  • Climate change in the Middle East and North Africa
  • Emissions, impacts and responses of the MENA region related to climate change

    ISSN 0165-0009. Bucchignani, Edoardo; Mercogliano, Paola; Panitz, Hans-Jürgen; Montesarchio, Myriam (March 2018). "Climate change projections for the Middle East–North

    Climate change in the Middle East and North Africa

    Climate change in the Middle East and North Africa

    Climate_change_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa

  • Climate change in Italy
  • Jessica; Ripesi, Patrizio; Amendola, Stefano; Bucchignani, Edoardo; Montesarchio, Myriam (20 March 2026). "Observed Trends in Aviation-Related Weather

    Climate change in Italy

    Climate change in Italy

    Climate_change_in_Italy

  • Paolo Domenico Finoglia
  • Italian painter (c. 1590–1645)

    Naples; in the Annunziata of Airola; in the church of San Francesco in Montesarchio; and in the Palais des Beaux-Arts in Lille, as well as a Virgin with

    Paolo Domenico Finoglia

    Paolo Domenico Finoglia

    Paolo_Domenico_Finoglia

  • List of museums in Italy
  • Headstones Montefortino Pinacoteca Civica Fortunato Duranti Montesarchio Castello di Montesarchio Montopoli di Sabina Modern Automata Museum Monza Museo Serpero

    List of museums in Italy

    List of museums in Italy

    List_of_museums_in_Italy

  • Arpaia
  • Comune in Campania, Italy

    Forchia, Paolisi and Roccarainola. Arpaia, rather than present-day Montesarchio, is considered to have been the seat of the ancient Diocese of Caudium

    Arpaia

    Arpaia

    Arpaia

  • Catacombs of Saint Gaudiosus
  • Roman catacomb in Naples, Italy

    received such burials were: Donna Sveva Gesualda (1611) – princess of Montesarchio, mother of Maria d'Avalos Lady Carancicia della Cerenzia (1618) Captain

    Catacombs of Saint Gaudiosus

    Catacombs of Saint Gaudiosus

    Catacombs_of_Saint_Gaudiosus

  • Alfonso Félix de Ávalos Aquino y Gonzaga, Marquess del Vasto
  • Alfonso Félix succeeded as 3rd Prince of Francavilla, 3rd Prince of Montesarchio, 4th Marquess of Vasto, 8th Marquess of Pescara, and Count of Monteodorisio

    Alfonso Félix de Ávalos Aquino y Gonzaga, Marquess del Vasto

    Alfonso_Félix_de_Ávalos_Aquino_y_Gonzaga,_Marquess_del_Vasto

  • Campoli del Monte Taburno
  • Comune in Campania, Italy

    borders the following municipalities: Apollosa, Castelpoto, Cautano, Montesarchio, Tocco Caudio, Vitulano. "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane

    Campoli del Monte Taburno

    Campoli del Monte Taburno

    Campoli_del_Monte_Taburno

  • Elisa Montessori
  • Italian painter (born 1931)

    Nazionale d'Arte Moderna, Rome (2006) Confini di carta, Galleria Nuvole, Montesarchio (2008) Villa Giulia, Rome (2011) Monitor, Rome (2016) Casa delle Letterature

    Elisa Montessori

    Elisa_Montessori

  • Vincenzo Dapino
  • Italian military officer

    Group had its headquarters in San Pietro Vernotico and began training in Montesarchio, amidst great difficulties, under the direct control of the Allies. Dapino

    Vincenzo Dapino

    Vincenzo_Dapino

  • Anthony Swinburne
  • British explorer and ivory trader

    origin and had been visited by Italian Capuchin missionaries Girolamo da Montesarchio in 1654, then by Luca da Caltanisselta and Marcellino d'Atri in 1698

    Anthony Swinburne

    Anthony_Swinburne

  • Ghedi
  • Comune in Lombardy, Italy

    'transitus,' or passage. — R. Castrichino, Lombard Toponymic Heritage in Montesarchio (Benevento) and Ghedi (Brescia), Appendix, pp. 28–31 Following the fall

    Ghedi

    Ghedi

    Ghedi

  • List of municipalities of Campania
  • 013 21.64 231.7 Montesano sulla Marcellana Salerno 6,281 110.22 57.0 Montesarchio Benevento 12,969 26.51 489.2 Monteverde Avellino 660 39.58 16.7 Montoro

    List of municipalities of Campania

    List of municipalities of Campania

    List_of_municipalities_of_Campania

AI & ChatGPT searchs for online references containing MONTESARCHIO

MONTESARCHIO

AI search references containing MONTESARCHIO

MONTESARCHIO

AI search queries for Facebook and twitter posts, hashtags with MONTESARCHIO

MONTESARCHIO

Follow users with usernames @MONTESARCHIO or posting hashtags containing #MONTESARCHIO

MONTESARCHIO

Online names & meanings

AI search & ChatGPT queries for Facebook and twitter users, user names, hashtags with MONTESARCHIO

MONTESARCHIO

Top AI & ChatGPT search, Social media, medium, facebook & news articles containing MONTESARCHIO

MONTESARCHIO

AI searchs for Acronyms & meanings containing MONTESARCHIO

MONTESARCHIO

AI searches, Indeed job searches and job offers containing MONTESARCHIO

Other words and meanings similar to

MONTESARCHIO

AI search in online dictionary sources & meanings containing MONTESARCHIO

MONTESARCHIO