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Graph with multiple edges between two vertices
In mathematics, and more specifically in graph theory, a multigraph is a graph which is permitted to have multiple edges (also called parallel edges),
Multigraph
Group of letters acting as a single unit
A Latin-script multigraph is a multigraph consisting of characters of the Latin script. digraphs (two letters, as ⟨ch⟩ or ⟨ea⟩) trigraphs (three letters
Latin-script_multigraph
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up multigraph, multidigraph, or pseudograph in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. A multigraph is a mathematical graph where some pairs of vertices
Multigraph_(disambiguation)
Vertices connected in pairs by edges
called adjacent. A multigraph is a generalization that allows multiple edges to have the same pair of endpoints. In some texts, multigraphs are simply called
Graph_(discrete_mathematics)
Sequence of letters that behaves as a unit, not as a sequence of parts
A multigraph, or pleograph, is a sequence of letters that behaves as a unit and is not the sum of its parts, such as English ⟨ch⟩ (typically pronounced
Multigraph_(orthography)
Assignment of colors to edges of a graph
high-degree planar graphs, the number of colors is always Δ, and for multigraphs, the number of colors may be as large as 3Δ/2. There are polynomial time
Edge_coloring
Mathematical structure
sparsity matroid is a mathematical structure that captures how densely a multigraph is populated with edges. To unpack this a little, sparsity is a measure
Sparsity_matroid
The following multigraphs are used in the Cyrillic script. The palatalized consonants of Russian and other languages written as C-⟨ь⟩ are mostly predictable
List_of_Cyrillic_multigraphs
19th-century address printing machine
International, merged in 1932 with American Multigraph of Cleveland, Ohio, to form the Addressograph-Multigraph Corporation manufacturing highly efficient
Addressograph
Number of edges touching a vertex in a graph
a graph is the number of edges that are incident to the vertex; in a multigraph, a loop contributes 2 to a vertex's degree, for the two ends of the edge
Degree_(graph_theory)
Three-vertex regular multigraph
In the mathematical discipline of graph theory, Shannon multigraphs, named after Claude Shannon by Vizing (1965), are a special type of triangle graphs
Shannon_multigraph
Mathematical set of all subsets of a set
the multigraph ΩG, called the power object of G. What is special about a multigraph as an algebra is that its operations are unary. A multigraph has two
Power_set
Writing system
The Latin script, also known as the Roman script, is a writing system based on the letters of the classical Latin alphabet, derived from a form of the
Latin_script
Topics referred to by the same term
single characters Multigraph (orthography), a sequence of letters that behaves as a unit and is not the sum of its parts Multigraph (disambiguation) This
Digraphs_and_trigraphs
Tree which includes all vertices of a graph
a spanning tree can be generalized to directed multigraphs. Given a vertex v on a directed multigraph G, an oriented spanning tree T rooted at v is an
Spanning_tree
On coloring the edges of graphs
that every undirected multigraph without loops can be colored with at most Δ+µ colors, where µ is the multiplicity of the multigraph. The theorem is named
Vizing's_theorem
Two or three characters, treated as one
In computer programming, digraphs and trigraphs are sequences of two and three characters, respectively, that appear in source code and, according to a
Digraphs and trigraphs (programming)
Digraphs_and_trigraphs_(programming)
Approximation for the travelling salesman problem
subgraph induced in G by O. Combine the edges of M and T to form a connected multigraph H in which each vertex has even degree. Form an Eulerian circuit in H
Christofides_algorithm
On the number of spanning trees in a graph
formula for a complete multigraph is mn−1(nn−1−(n−1)nn−2) by same methods produced above, since a simple graph is a multigraph with m = 1. Kirchhoff's
Kirchhoff's_theorem
Edge that connects a node to itself
simple graph contains no loops. Depending on the context, a graph or a multigraph may be defined so as to either allow or disallow the presence of loops
Loop_(graph_theory)
Graph representing edges of another graph
have been studied, including line graphs of line graphs, line graphs of multigraphs, line graphs of hypergraphs, and line graphs of weighted graphs. Given
Line_graph
In graph theory, the Goldberg–Seymour conjecture states that, for a multigraph G {\displaystyle G} χ ′ ( G ) ≤ max ( 1 + Δ ( G ) , Γ ( G ) ) {\displaystyle
Goldberg–Seymour_conjecture
Smallest functional written unit
exact grapheme–phoneme correspondence. A phoneme may be represented by a multigraph (sequence of more than one grapheme), as the digraph sh represents a single
Grapheme
Brand name of embosing machines
Graphotype was a brand name used by the Addressograph-Multigraph Company for its range of metal plate embossing machines. The machines were originally
Graphotype_(machine)
Area of discrete mathematics
graph can also be called a simple graph, to distinguish it from a multigraph. A multigraph allows many edges to have the same pair of endpoints, and it also
Graph_theory
Graph representing faces of another graph
other by n different edges. Therefore, the dual graph of the n-cycle is a multigraph with two vertices (dual to the regions), connected to each other by n
Dual_graph
Topics referred to by the same term
info, a fact-checking service An alternative term for Multigraph (orthography) Polygraff Multigraph (disambiguation) Moscow State University of Printing
Polygraph_(disambiguation)
Latin letter G with acute accent
Karakalpak phoneme /ɣ/ (Cyrillic Ғ), and appears in the Cantonese Yale multigraphs nǵ and nǵh. The letter is also used to transcribe the Old Church Slavic
Ǵ
Theorem in combinatorics
Galvin's proof generalizes to the statement that, for every bipartite multigraph, the list chromatic index equals its chromatic index. The more general
Dinitz_conjecture
separate ' and n characters should be used in its place. Latin-script multigraph Ligature (writing) Latin script in Unicode List of precomposed Latin characters
List_of_Latin-script_letters
Finding shortest walks through all graph edges
of edges with the minimum possible total weight) so that the resulting multigraph does have an Eulerian circuit. It can be solved in polynomial time, unlike
Chinese_postman_problem
American mathematician (1916–2001)
theory Sampling Shannon capacity Shannon entropy Shannon index Shannon multigraph Shannon security Shannon switching game Shannon–Fano coding Shannon–Hartley
Claude_Shannon
Letter combinations used for the Mongolian language when written in the Mongolian script
Mongolian script multigraphs The Mongolian script Mongolian vowels ᠠ a ᠡ e ᠢ i ᠣ o ᠤ u ᠥ ö ᠦ ü ᠧ (ē) Mongolian consonants ᠨ n ᠩ ng ᠪ b ᠫ (p) ᠬ q/k ᠭ ɣ/g
Mongolian_script_multigraphs
Writing system
Language portal Mongolian writing systems Mongolian script Mongolian script multigraphs Galik alphabet Todo alphabet ʼPhags-pa script Horizontal square script
Mongolian_script
graph, proved by Edward F. Moore. Every Moore graph is a cage. multigraph A multigraph is a graph that allows multiple adjacencies (and, often, self-loops);
Glossary_of_graph_theory
Mathematical model used by graph-oriented databases
have properties. In graph theory terms, a property graph is a directed multigraph, whose vertices represent entities and arcs represent relationships. Each
Property_graph
Uralic Phonetic Alphabet Diacritic Latin-script alphabet Latin-script multigraph Latin script in Unicode Ligature List of Latin-script letters List of
List of Latin-script alphabets
List_of_Latin-script_alphabets
Combinatorial representation of a graph on an orientable surface
permutations; such a pair is sufficient to determine a multigraph, a surface, and a 2-cell embedding of the multigraph onto the surface. Every rotation scheme defines
Combinatorial_map
In graph theory, edges incident/directed between the same vertices
Where graphs are defined so as to disallow multiple edges and loops, a multigraph or a pseudograph is often defined to mean a "graph" which can have multiple
Multiple_edges
Most widely spoken of all Sámi languages
Northern Sámi (or North Sámi; US: /ˈsɑːmi/ SAH-mee, UK: also /ˈsæmi/ SAM-ee; Northern Sami: davvisámegiella [ˈtavːiːˌsaːmeˌkie̯lːa]; Finnish: pohjoissaame
Northern_Sámi
Graph edge coloring with a limited number of allowed colors
Galvin, Fred (June 28, 1994). "The List Chromatic Index of a Bipartite Multigraph" (PDF). Journal of Combinatorial Theory Series B. 63: 153–158. Bondy,
List_edge-coloring
Structure in computing
A call graph (also known as a call multigraph) is a control-flow graph, which represents calling relationships between subroutines in a computer program
Call_graph
Directed graph which is also a multigraph
Directed graph which is also a multigraph
Quiver_(mathematics)
1917 office with a "Multigraph" duplicating machine at lower right
List_of_duplicating_processes
Vari-Typer. On Coxhead's death, the company was acquired by Addressograph-Multigraph, which originally manufactured duplicators and desktop offset presses
Vari-Typer
Matrix representation of a graph
component. An analogue of the Laplacian matrix can be defined for directed multigraphs. In this case the Laplacian matrix L is defined as L = D − A {\displaystyle
Laplacian_matrix
Character in alphabet writing systems
represented by multiple letters in sequence, collectively called a multigraph. Multigraphs include digraphs of two letters (e.g. English ch, sh, th), and
Letter_(alphabet)
Topics referred to by the same term
Digram (disambiguation) / Digramme Bigram Trigraph (disambiguation) Multigraph (disambiguation) Unigraph wikt:Diagraph, a combination of a protractor
Digraph
Biostatistician, academic, and author
in the Biosciences and is the author of The Association Graph and the Multigraph for Loglinear Models. Khamis is a Fellow of the American Statistical Association
Harry_J._Khamis
Square matrix used to represent a graph or network
elements with algebraic variables. The same concept can be extended to multigraphs and graphs with loops by storing the number of edges between each two
Adjacency_matrix
Data organization and storage formats
Directed graph Directed acyclic graph Propositional directed acyclic graph Multigraph Hypergraph Lightmap Winged edge Quad-edge Routing table Symbol table Piece
List_of_data_structures
Most other fixed sequences of seven letters are composed of shorter multigraphs with a predictable result. The seven-letter German sequence ⟨schtsch⟩
Heptagraph
Graph with oriented edges
set to be a multiset). Sometimes these entities are called directed multigraphs (or multidigraphs). On the other hand, the aforementioned definition
Directed_graph
Assignment of labels to elements of a graph
theory and formal language theory it is convenient to consider labeled multigraphs, i.e., a pair of vertices may be connected by several labeled edges.
Graph_labeling
Graph related to another graph by a covering map
generalized to the case of multigraphs. A covering graph is a special case of a covering complex. Both covering complexes and multigraphs with a 1-dimensional
Covering_graph
Mathematical construction used in homotopy theory
sets can be viewed as a higher-dimensional generalization of directed multigraphs. A simplicial set contains vertices (known as "0-simplices" in this context)
Simplicial_set
American document management corporation
As a consequence, it was sold as a platemaker for the Addressograph-Multigraph Multilith 1250 and related sheet-fed offset printing presses in the offset
Xerox
Quality of existing only briefly
ISSN 0001-9933. JSTOR 20627009. S2CID 57570843. The Multigraph Collective 2018, p. 127. The Multigraph Collective 2018, p. 126. Schaffer, Talia (2011). Novel
Ephemerality
Tivoid language of Cameroon and Nigeria
Ceve (Iceve), or Iceve-Maci, is a Tivoid language of the Cameroons. The divergent dialects are Ceve proper (Becheve), and Maci (Matchi, Oliti). There are
Iceve-Maci_language
Latin alphabet of the Hungarian language
consonant signs are treated as single letters. The simplified geminates of multigraphs (see above) such as <nny>, <ssz> are collated as <ny>+<ny>, <sz>+<sz>
Hungarian_alphabet
Chinese mathematician
instance of Guan's route inspection problem (black edges and weights) and its optimal solution (doubling the red edges to produce an Eulerian multigraph)
Meigu_Guan
Alphabet using Latin letters
A Latin-script alphabet (Latin alphabet or Roman alphabet) is an alphabet that uses letters of the Latin script. The 21-letter archaic Latin alphabet and
Latin-script_alphabet
Mystical 12th-century language created by St. Hildegard of Bingen
letter and in which word is not always clear. Lingua Ignota uses frequent multigraphs such as <sch>, <th>, <ph>, <sz>, <ei>, among others. It is not clear
Lingua_ignota
Set of letters used to write a given language
(such as the French é, à, and ô) and certain combinations of letters (multigraphs). In French, these are not considered to be additional letters for collation
Alphabet
Romanized Arabic alphabet
academic Arabic transliteration systems, in that they use numerals and multigraphs instead of diacritics for letters such as ṭāʾ (ط) or ḍād (ض) that do
Arabizi
Type of multigraph
In graph theory, the shuffle-exchange network is an undirected cubic multigraph, whose vertices represent binary sequences of a given length and whose
Shuffle-exchange_network
French-based creole language
letters ⟨c⟩ and ⟨u⟩ are always associated with another letter (in the multigraphs ⟨ch⟩, ⟨ou⟩, ⟨oun⟩, and ⟨ui⟩). The Haitian Creole alphabet has no ⟨q⟩
Haitian_Creole
Finnic language of Karelia, in Russia and Finland
Karelian with their own single grapheme, and 2 are represented with multigraphs: The consonants /f/ and /ts/ are found in loanwords (except Ludic Karelian
Karelian_language
discontinued a few years later. Nokia produced CRT and early TFT LCD Multigraph displays for PC and larger systems application. The Nokia Display Products'
List_of_Nokia_products
(2019-01-29). "Proof of the Goldberg–Seymour Conjecture on Edge-Colorings of Multigraphs". arXiv:1901.10316v1 [math.CO]. Abdollahi A., Zallaghi M. (2015). "Character
List of unsolved problems in mathematics
List_of_unsolved_problems_in_mathematics
Gallo-Romance language native to Liguria, northern Italy
It is also used to mark the long vowel ⟨ö⟩ /ɔː/, in any position. The multigraphs are: ⟨cs⟩, used for the sound /ks/ as in bòcs 'box' /bɔks/. ⟨eu⟩, for
Ligurian_language
Cellular automaton
other (non-square) lattices, and on arbitrary graphs (including directed multigraphs). It is closely related to the dollar game, a variant of the chip-firing
Abelian_sandpile_model
points in each bucket into a single vertex, yields an r-regular graph or multigraph. If this object has no multiple edges or loops (i.e. it is a graph), then
Random_regular_graph
Trail in a graph that visits each edge once
definition and properties of Eulerian trails, cycles and graphs are valid for multigraphs as well. An Eulerian orientation of an undirected graph G is an assignment
Eulerian_path
Cyrillic characters in Unicode Languages using Cyrillic List of Cyrillic multigraphs List of Latin letters ѐ and ѝ – considered variants of е and и, respectively
List_of_Cyrillic_letters
NP-hard problem in combinatorial optimization
"Approximation Algorithms for Asymmetric TSP by Decomposing Directed Regular Multigraphs", Proc. 44th IEEE Symp. on Foundations of Comput. Sci, pp. 56–65. Karpinski
Travelling_salesman_problem
Largest independent set of paired elements
m {\displaystyle m} is O ( n 2 ) {\displaystyle O(n^{2})} , but for multigraphs, it may be larger, so it is also of interest to have algorithms with
Matroid_parity_problem
Study of graphemes and writing systems
are the handling of punctuation, diacritic marks, digraphs or other multigraphs and non-alphabetic scripts. At the beginning of the development of this
Grapholinguistics
Word that etymologically derives from at least two languages
Greek ἔθνος (ethnos) 'group of people'; the non-hybrid word is polyethnic Multigraph – from the Latin multus 'many' and the Greek γραφή (graphē); the non-hybrid
Hybrid_word
Multigraph with two vertices
In graph theory, a dipole graph, dipole, bond graph, or linkage, is a multigraph consisting of two vertices connected with a number of parallel edges.
Dipole_graph
Latin script for the Vietnamese language
Zz Vowels Elemental (Unigraphs) a ă â e ê i o ô ơ u ư y Combinative (Multigraphs) ai ao au ay âu ây eo ey êu iê iu iêu oa oă oe oi oo oy oai ôi ơi ua
Vietnamese_alphabet
Archaic form of the Latin-script letter s (ſ)
paſſte (modern orthography; traditionally: paßte), ſechſte, Gſtaad in multigraphs that represent a single sound such as ſch (to represent /ʃ/, but not
Long_s
American Jewish neo-Nazi (1937–1965)
for how to handle catalog cards. Soon after he found work operating a multigraph for the U.S. Navigation Company. Burros began expressing an interest in
Dan_Burros
Operation on graphs
YΔ-transformations are most naturally considered as operations on multigraphs. On multigraphs both operations preserve the edge count and are exact inverses
YΔ-_and_ΔY-transformation
Matrix that shows the relationship between two classes of objects
In mathematics, an incidence matrix is a logical matrix that shows the relationship between two classes of objects, usually called an incidence relation
Incidence_matrix
Consonantal sound
phonology, Yeísmo. Tagalog diyan [d͡ʒän] 'there' Used to pronounce the multigraphs ⟨dy⟩ and ⟨diy⟩ in native words and ⟨j⟩ in loanwords outside Spanish.
Voiced_postalveolar_affricate
Recursively-formed graph with two terminal vertices
and parallel electric circuits. In this context, the term graph means multigraph. There are several ways to define series–parallel graphs. The following
Series–parallel_graph
Linked node hierarchical data structure
such as: Paths through an arbitrary node-and-edge graph (including multigraphs), by making multiple nodes in the tree for each graph node used in multiple
Tree_(abstract_data_type)
Impossible puzzle in graph theory
than one pair of vertices with an odd number of edges, the resulting multigraph does not contain an Eulerian path nor an Eulerian circuit, which means
Five-room_puzzle
Python library for graphs and networks
loops — NetworkX 3.3 documentation". networkx.org. Retrieved 2024-04-24. "MultiGraph—Undirected graphs with self loops and parallel edges — NetworkX 3.3 documentation"
NetworkX
Topics referred to by the same term
set of edges called semi-adjacent Digraph (disambiguation) Tetragraph Multigraph (disambiguation) This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
Trigraph
Degrees of separation from Paul Erdős
with Erdős should be assigned Erdős number 1/p. From the collaboration multigraph of the second kind (although he also has a way to deal with the case of
Erdős_number
26 letters in two cases broadly used in international communication
exclude: letters whose diacritical marks make them distinct letters. multigraphs that constitute distinct letters. ligatures that are distinct letters
ISO_basic_Latin_alphabet
Query language for property graphs
as nodes, and relationships as edges, in a graph. Property graphs are multigraphs: there can be many edges between the same pair of nodes. GQL graphs can
Graph_Query_Language
Formal language for describing data models
collection of RDF statements intrinsically represents a labeled, directed multigraph. This makes an RDF data model better suited to certain kinds of knowledge
Resource Description Framework
Resource_Description_Framework
Group of three letters that represent a single sound
เ◌ียะ /iaʔ/ and เ◌ือะ /ɯaʔ/. Digraph Tetragraph Pentagraph Hexagraph Multigraph List of Cyrillic digraphs and trigraphs List of Latin digraphs List of
Trigraph_(orthography)
Cubic graph with 10 vertices and 15 edges
MR 0140437. Alspach, Brian; Zhang, Cun-Quan (1993), "Cycle covers of cubic multigraphs", Discrete Math., 111 (1–3): 11–17, doi:10.1016/0012-365X(93)90135-G
Petersen_graph
Graph database system
Multigraph). Labeled because nodes and edges in a graph belong to types. Attributed because both nodes and edges may have attributes and Multigraph means
Sparksee_(graph_database)
Pair of characters used to write one phoneme
have separate code points in Unicode. See also Ligatures in Unicode. Multigraph (orthography) Trigraph Tetragraph Pentagraph Hexagraph Bigram Diphthong
Digraph_(orthography)
Graph divided into two independent sets
of this correspondence between bipartite graphs and hypergraphs, any multigraph (a graph in which there may be two or more edges between the same two
Bipartite_graph
MULTIGRAPH
MULTIGRAPH
MULTIGRAPH
MULTIGRAPH
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Mythological, Sanskrit
The Celestial White Elephant of Indra
Boy/Male
Indian, Kannada
New
Girl/Female
Australian, German, Polish
Glorious Protector
Boy/Male
Afghan, German
Joy
Boy/Male
Teutonic Swedish German
Universal ruler.
Boy/Male
Assamese, Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit, Telugu
Wonderful; Handsome; Another Name for Lord Shiva; Pleasing; Powerful; Complete
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Bestowing Gifts; Kind
Boy/Male
Arabic, Bengali, Gujarati, Indian, Muslim, Tamil, Traditional
Beloved
Boy/Male
Native American
bowl.
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Worshipper of the Supreme Being
MULTIGRAPH
MULTIGRAPH
MULTIGRAPH
MULTIGRAPH
MULTIGRAPH