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Statement relating differentiable symmetries to conserved quantities
conservation law. This is the first of two theorems (see Noether's second theorem) published by the mathematician Emmy Noether in 1918. The action of a physical
Noether's_theorem
Physics theorem for symmetries of action
theoretical physics, Noether's second theorem relates symmetries of an action functional with a system of differential equations. The theorem is named after
Noether's_second_theorem
Group of mathematical theorems
specifically abstract algebra, the isomorphism theorems (also known as Noether's isomorphism theorems) are theorems that describe the relationship among quotients
Isomorphism_theorems
Topics referred to by the same term
law. Noether's theorem may also refer to: Noether's second theorem, on infinite-dimensional Lie algebras and differential equations Noether normalization
Noether's theorem (disambiguation)
Noether's_theorem_(disambiguation)
Mathematical theorem
found by Max Noether (1886) and Enriques (1894). The sheaf-theoretic version is due to Hirzebruch. One form of the Riemann–Roch theorem states that if
Riemann–Roch theorem for surfaces
Riemann–Roch_theorem_for_surfaces
Gauge symmetry cannot be spontaneously broken
redundancies in the description of the system. This is a consequence of Noether's second theorem which states that each local symmetry degree of freedom corresponds
Elitzur's_theorem
Different variants of second Noether's theorem state the one-to-one correspondence between the non-trivial reducible Noether identities and the non-trivial
Noether_identities
German mathematician (1882–1935)
abstract algebra. She also proved Noether's first and second theorems, which are fundamental in mathematical physics. Noether was described by Pavel Alexandrov
Emmy_Noether
Pair in mathematics
differential and θL is a Lepage equivalent of L. Noether's first theorem and Noether's second theorem are corollaries of this variational formula. Extended
Lagrangian_system
Result of commutative algebra
The normalization theorem is also an important tool in establishing the notions of Krull dimension for k-algebras. Theorem. (Noether Normalization Lemma)
Noether_normalization_lemma
Concept in special relativity, governing a body's dynamics at high speeds
rigidity is a very restrictive sense of rigidity, leading to the Herglotz–Noether theorem, according to which there are severe restrictions on rotational Born
Born_rigidity
Differential operator acting on vector bundles
the second one is a boundary term, where U ν μ {\displaystyle U^{\nu \mu }} is called a superpotential. In accordance with Noether's second theorem, there
Gauge_symmetry_(mathematics)
and 290 theorems (number theory) Albert–Brauer–Hasse–Noether theorem (algebras) Ankeny–Artin–Chowla theorem (number theory) Apéry's theorem (number theory)
List_of_theorems
values are conserved in time. Noether's second theorem In mathematics and theoretical physics, Noether's second theorem relates symmetries of an action
List of inventions and discoveries by women
List_of_inventions_and_discoveries_by_women
German mathematician (1844–1921)
Brill–Noether theory Noether–Enriques–Petri theorem Noether's formula Noether inequality Noether's theorem on rationality for surfaces Max Noether's fundamental
Max_Noether
Albert–Brauer–Hasse–Noether theorem Lasker–Noether theorem Noether identities Noether normalization lemma Noether's bound Noether's isomorphism theorems Noether’s problem
List of things named after Emmy Noether
List_of_things_named_after_Emmy_Noether
Principle in mathematical physics
Euler–Lagrange–Herglotz equation. Generalizations of Noether's theorem and Noether's second theorem apply to Herglotz's variational principle. An infinitesimal
Herglotz's variational principle
Herglotz's_variational_principle
Result due to Kummer on cyclic extensions of fields that leads to Kummer theory
originally due to Kummer (1855, p.213, 1861). Often a more general theorem due to Emmy Noether (1933) is given the name, stating that if L/K is a finite Galois
Hilbert's_Theorem_90
Algebraic variety
said to be unirational. Lüroth's theorem (see below) implies that unirational curves are rational. Castelnuovo's theorem implies also that, in characteristic
Rational_variety
Laws in physics about force and motion
second law once again. As in the Lagrangian formulation, in Hamiltonian mechanics the conservation of momentum can be derived using Noether's theorem
Newton's_laws_of_motion
Theorem in set theory
In set theory, the Schröder–Bernstein theorem states that, if there exist injective functions f : A → B and g : B → A between the sets A and B, then there
Schröder–Bernstein_theorem
Constraints on possible particle properties
In theoretical physics, the Weinberg–Witten (WW) theorem, proved by Steven Weinberg and Edward Witten, states that massless particles (either composite
Weinberg–Witten_theorem
Number divisible only by 1 and itself
{\displaystyle (11)} , ... The fundamental theorem of arithmetic generalizes to the Lasker–Noether theorem, which expresses every ideal in a Noetherian
Prime_number
subspace in intersection form on the second cohomology is given by b+ = 1 + 2pg. Moreover, by the Hirzebruch signature theorem c12 (X) = 2e + 3σ, where e = c2(X)
Noether_inequality
is no general theorem to circumvent this difficulty in arbitrary dimension, although certain special cases have been resolved. A second avenue of attack
Inverse problem for Lagrangian mechanics
Inverse_problem_for_Lagrangian_mechanics
Local-global result for when an element in a number field is an nth power
In algebraic number theory, the Grunwald–Wang theorem is a local-global principle stating that—except in some precisely defined cases—an element x in
Grunwald–Wang_theorem
Type of massless subatomic particle
Pseudo-Goldstone boson Majoron Higgs mechanism Mermin–Wagner theorem Vacuum expectation value Noether's theorem In theories with gauge symmetry, the Goldstone bosons
Goldstone_boson
Mathematical theory
work by establishing results such as a Riemann-Roch theorem, a Noether formula, a Hodge index theorem and the nonnegativity of the self-intersection of
Arakelov_theory
Theorem for proving more complex theorems
also known as a "helping theorem" or an "auxiliary theorem". In many cases, a lemma derives its importance from the theorem it aims to prove; however
Lemma_(mathematics)
Law of physics and chemistry
principle, the conservation of energy can be rigorously proven by Noether's theorem as a consequence of continuous time translation symmetry; that is
Conservation_of_energy
Pictorial representation of the behavior of subatomic particles
x = e i k x {\displaystyle A_{kx}=e^{ikx}\,} and the Fourier inversion theorem tells you the inverse: A k x − 1 = e − i k x {\displaystyle A_{kx}^{-1}=e^{-ikx}\
Feynman_diagram
the Lasker–Noether theorem took 98 pages, but has since been simplified: modern proofs are less than a page long. 1963 – Odd order theorem by Feit and
List of long mathematical proofs
List_of_long_mathematical_proofs
Hungarian and American mathematician and physicist (1903–1957)
September 1930 at the Second Conference on the Epistemology of the Exact Sciences, in which Kurt Gödel announced his first theorem of incompleteness: the
John_von_Neumann
Emmy Noether was a German mathematician. This article lists the publications upon which her reputation is built (in part). In the second epoch, Noether turned
Emmy_Noether_bibliography
Process in quantum mechanical theories
and g {\displaystyle g} have degree three. Groenewold's theorem can be stated as follows: Theorem—There is no quantization map Q {\displaystyle Q} (following
Canonical_quantization
Prize in Physics Node (physics) Noemie Benczer Koller Noether's second theorem Noether's theorem Noether identities Noise Noise-equivalent flux density Noise-equivalent
Index_of_physics_articles_(N)
First article on transfinite set theory
Georg Cantor's first theorems of transfinite set theory, which studies infinite sets and their properties. One of these theorems is his "revolutionary
Cantor's first set theory article
Cantor's_first_set_theory_article
father-son except for Emmy Noether and Cathleen Morawetz. The list is in chronological order by birth date of the parent. List of second-generation physicists
List of second-generation mathematicians
List_of_second-generation_mathematicians
Branch of algebra
theorem gives insight on the structure of division rings Wedderburn's little theorem states that finite domains are fields Other The Skolem–Noether theorem
Ring_theory
Norwegian mathematician
is the Skolem–Noether theorem, characterizing the automorphisms of simple algebras. Skolem published a proof in 1927, but Emmy Noether independently rediscovered
Thoralf_Skolem
Concept in algebraic geometry
used a more roundabout method: he first proved a local uniformization theorem showing that every valuation of a surface could be resolved, then used
Resolution_of_singularities
type is an algebraic surface with Kodaira dimension 2. Because of Chow's theorem any compact complex manifold of dimension 2 and with Kodaira dimension
Surface_of_general_type
Physical quantity
introduction of laws of radiant energy by Jožef Stefan. According to Noether's theorem, the conservation of energy is a consequence of the fact that the
Energy
Tool in symplectic geometry
composition of the inclusion map with M {\displaystyle M} 's momentum map. Noether's theorem admits a particularly elegant formulation in terms of momentum maps
Momentum_map
Field of knowledge
and proof to study and establish their properties, often expressed as theorems, formulas, and equations. Mathematics is used to model and solve problems
Mathematics
Formulation of the quantum many-body problem
Second quantization, also referred to as occupation number representation, is a formalism used to describe and analyze quantum many-body systems. In quantum
Second_quantization
Algebraic tool for computing topological spaces' invariants
respect, the Mayer–Vietoris sequence is analogous to the Seifert–van Kampen theorem for the fundamental group, and a precise relation exists for homology of
Mayer–Vietoris_sequence
Type of dressed particle
charge, there are also position dependent gauge transformations. Noether's theorem states that for every infinitesimal symmetry transformation that is
Infraparticle
Branch of mathematics
theorem Freudenthal suspension theorem Hurewicz theorem Künneth theorem Lefschetz fixed-point theorem Leray–Hirsch theorem Poincaré duality theorem Seifert–van
Algebraic_topology
Branch of mathematics
Hamiltonian or Lagrangian system gives rise to conserved quantities, by Noether's theorem, and these conserved quantities are the components of the momentum
Geometric_mechanics
Identity in abelian theories due to gauge invariance
classical current conservation associated to a continuous symmetry by Noether's theorem. Such symmetries in quantum field theory (almost) always give rise
Ward–Takahashi_identity
Differential calculus on function spaces
L}{\partial x}}=0} implies that the Lagrangian is time-independent. By Noether's theorem, there is an associated conserved quantity. In this case, this quantity
Calculus_of_variations
German mathematician (1862–1943)
inference. In 1931, his incompleteness theorem showed that Hilbert's grand plan was impossible as stated. The second point cannot in any reasonable way be
David_Hilbert
Measure of the "spread" of light in an optical system
full angle 2α. Beam emittance Beam parameter product Light field Noether's theorem Symplectic geometry "Optical extent / Etendue". CIE e-ILV: International
Etendue
Statistical test comparing two probability distributions
two distribution functions across all x values. By the Glivenko–Cantelli theorem, if the sample comes from the distribution F(x), then Dn converges to 0
Kolmogorov–Smirnov_test
Finite extension of the rationals
ideal may or may not be a prime ideal, but, according to the Lasker–Noether theorem (see above), always is given by pO K {\displaystyle K} = q1e1 q2e2
Algebraic_number_field
Type of conserved current
to the chiral symmetry or axial symmetry of a system. According to Noether's theorem, each symmetry of a system is associated a conserved quantity. For
Axial_current
French mathematician (1908–1931)
explained Gödel's first incompleteness theorem and found, independently of Gödel, the second incompleteness theorem that he also presented in the lectures
Jacques_Herbrand
German mathematician (1826–1866)
the unit circle. The generalization of the theorem to Riemann surfaces is the famous uniformization theorem, which was proved in the 19th century by Henri
Bernhard_Riemann
Branch of mathematics
nature of groups, with basic theorems such as the fundamental theorem of finite abelian groups and the Feit–Thompson theorem. The latter was a key early
Algebra
Study of dimension in algebraic geometry
_{k}\operatorname {Tor} _{i}^{R}(k,k).} Remark: The theorem can be used to give a second quick proof of Serre's theorem, that R {\displaystyle R} is regular if and
Dimension_theory_(algebra)
Mathematical term; concerning axioms used to derive theorems
known as lemmas or theorems. A mathematical theory is an expression used to refer to an axiomatic system and all its derived theorems. A proof within an
Axiomatic_system
Mathematical classification of surfaces
complicated to describe explicitly, though some components are known. Max Noether began the systematic study of algebraic surfaces, and Guido Castelnuovo
Enriques–Kodaira classification
Enriques–Kodaira_classification
Concept in commutative algebra
of finitely many primary ideals. This result is known as the Lasker–Noether theorem. Consequently, an irreducible ideal of a Noetherian ring is primary
Primary_ideal
Algebraic structure with addition and multiplication
matrix ring of size n over a ring R will be denoted by Rn. The Skolem–Noether theorem states any automorphism of a central simple algebra is inner. Two central
Ring_(mathematics)
Theory of gravity
electrodynamics by means of complete gauge invariance with respect to Noether's theorem. More generally, we may consider a ∫ d D x − g f ( G ) {\displaystyle
Gauss–Bonnet_gravity
Austrian and American mathematician (1906–1995)
converted to the ILAS Taussky–Todd Prize. Latimer–MacDuffee theorem Motzkin–Taussky theorem Olga Taussky, "How I became a torchbearer for matrix theory
Olga_Taussky-Todd
American mathematician
Sturm's theorem. In that they solved a problem that had eluded J. J. Sylvester (1853) and E. B. Van Vleck (1899). That paper (along with their theorem) was
Anna_Johnson_Pell_Wheeler
Procedure in mathematics
equation(s) will simplify greatly. This is a direct consequence of Noether's theorem, e.g. any surface of revolution corresponds to conservation of angular
Solving the geodesic equations
Solving_the_geodesic_equations
Herbrand introduces the Herbrand quotient. 1931 The Albert–Brauer–Hasse–Noether theorem proves the Hasse principle for simple algebras over global fields.
Timeline of class field theory
Timeline_of_class_field_theory
Branch of mathematics that studies the properties of groups
the symmetries which the laws of physics seem to obey. According to Noether's theorem, every continuous symmetry of a physical system corresponds to a conservation
Group_theory
mention the so-called Pythagorean triples, so, by inference, the Pythagorean theorem seems to be the most ancient and widespread mathematical development, after
History_of_mathematics
Group comohology of Galois modules
number theory and the arithmetic of elliptic curves. The normal basis theorem implies that the first cohomology group of the additive group of L will
Galois_cohomology
Branch of mathematics
ideals of polynomial rings implicit in E. Noether's work. Lasker proved a special case of the Lasker-Noether theorem, namely that every ideal in a polynomial
Abstract_algebra
Axiomatization of quantum field theory
\langle \Psi (a,L),\Phi (a,L)\rangle =\langle \Psi ,\Phi \rangle .} Wigner's theorem says that under these conditions, the transformation on the Hilbert space
Wightman_axioms
information, partially named after Valerie Coffman Noether's theorem in modern physics, named after Emmy Noether Langmuir–Blodgett film, partially named after
Women_in_physics
Equation describing the transport of some quantity
reason that conservation equations frequently occur in physics is Noether's theorem. This states that whenever the laws of physics have a continuous symmetry
Continuity_equation
American mathematician (1947–2022)
Gregory and Alexander Premet, the first complete proof of the recognition theorem for graded Lie algebras in characteristics at least 5. In the early 1990s
Georgia_Benkart
Theoretical framework in physics
making general relativity a gauge theory based on the Lorentz group. Noether's theorem states that every continuous symmetry, i.e. the parameter in the symmetry
Quantum_field_theory
Romanian-American mathematician (1935–2025)
obtained a ‘separable’ process; this gives a rapid proof of Joseph Leo Doob's theorem concerning the existence of a separable modification of a stochastic process
Alexandra_Bellow
American mathematician (1927 to 1992)
development follows the Jacobson density theorem, the Skolem–Noether theorem, and the double centralizer theorem. The book is dedicated to Marilyn Pierce
Richard_S._Pierce
Max Noether 1895 Wilhelm Wirtinger, Untersuchungen über Thetafunktionen, studies Prym varieties 1897 H. F. Baker, Abelian Functions: Abel's Theorem and
Timeline_of_abelian_varieties
Facet of general relativity
Killing vector. Because the system has a time translation symmetry, Noether's theorem guarantees that it has a conserved energy. Because a stationary system
Mass_in_general_relativity
Mathematical terminology
Hilbert–Speiser theorem). On the other hand, the Gaussian field does not. This is an example of a necessary condition found by Emmy Noether (perhaps known
Galois_representation
(and non-negative) net mass. This result, known as the positive energy theorem was finally proven by Richard Schoen and Shing-Tung Yau in 1979, who made
Exact solutions in general relativity
Exact_solutions_in_general_relativity
Abelian group related to division algebras
injectivity of the left arrow is the content of the Albert–Brauer–Hasse–Noether theorem. The fact that the sum of all local invariants of a central simple
Brauer_group
Calculus based introductory physics textbook
20th century physics, starting with the conservation laws implied by Noether's theorem. It then proceeds to present Newtonian mechanics and the laws of motion
Six_Ideas_that_Shaped_Physics
German physicist and mathematician (1824–1887)
mathematical field of graph theory, in which he proved Kirchhoff's matrix tree theorem. Gesammelte Abhandlungen (in German). Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth.
Gustav_Kirchhoff
Symmetry breaking through the vacuum state
mechanics that describes finite dimensional systems, due to Stone-von Neumann theorem (that states the uniqueness of Heisenberg commutation relations in finite
Spontaneous_symmetry_breaking
German-born theoretical physicist (1879–1955)
difficult to see how to identify the conserved energy and momentum. Noether's theorem allows these quantities to be determined from a Lagrangian with translation
Albert_Einstein
Mathematical element
Noetherian rings. Noether's normalisation lemma is a theorem in commutative algebra. Given a field K and a finitely generated K-algebra A, the theorem says it is
Integral_element
Set with associative invertible operation
matrix. Lie groups are of fundamental importance in modern physics: Noether's theorem links continuous symmetries to conserved quantities. Rotation, as
Group_(mathematics)
Advanced undergraduate or graduate textbook
chapter on perturbation theory, a new section on Bertrand's theorem, and another on Noether's theorem. Other arguments and proofs were simplified and supplemented
Classical Mechanics (Goldstein)
Classical_Mechanics_(Goldstein)
Concept in ring theory
the important structure results about Azumaya algebras is the Skolem–Noether theorem: given a local commutative ring R {\displaystyle R} and an Azumaya
Azumaya_algebra
Operator shifting particles and fields by a certain amount in a certain direction
laws of physics are translation-invariant. This is an example of Noether's theorem. The translation operator T ^ ( x ) {\displaystyle {\hat {T}}(\mathbf
Translation operator (quantum mechanics)
Translation_operator_(quantum_mechanics)
American statistician and academic (1924–2014)
special case of "Basu's theorem", a few years before the publication by Deb Basu. Hogg's second paper on the topic of Basu's theorem was never published,
Robert_V._Hogg
Israeli mathematician (1904–1956)
mathematics from the University of Göttingen under the supervision of Emmy Noether. In 1931, after two years at Yale University, in New Haven, Connecticut
Jakob_Levitzki
Quantum field theory of electromagnetism
conserved U ( 1 ) {\displaystyle {\text{U}}(1)} current arising from Noether's theorem. It is written j μ = ψ ¯ γ μ ψ . {\displaystyle j^{\mu }={\bar {\psi
Quantum_electrodynamics
Time reversal symmetry in physics
parity. Time reversal does not behave like this. It seems to violate the theorem that all abelian groups be represented by one-dimensional irreducible representations
T-symmetry
fixed-point theorem. 1912 – Josip Plemelj publishes simplified proof for the Fermat's Last Theorem for exponent n = 5. 1915 – Emmy Noether proves her symmetry
Timeline_of_mathematics
NOETHERS SECOND-THEOREM
NOETHERS SECOND-THEOREM
Girl/Female
Indian
Second
Girl/Female
Spanish
Lively.
Female
English
Anglicized form of Scottish Gaelic Seònaid, SEONA means "God is gracious."
Surname or Lastname
English (northern)
English (northern) : habitational name from Tetlow in Lancashire.
Surname or Lastname
English (northern Ireland)
English (northern Ireland) : variant of Blakely.
Boy/Male
Indian
Second
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name, from an adjectival form of North.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Second
Surname or Lastname
English (northern)
English (northern) : variant of Siddall.
Surname or Lastname
English (northern)
English (northern) : hypercorrected form of Askew.
Surname or Lastname
English (northern)
English (northern) : patronymic from Hodge.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from an Old English personal name composed of the elements ēast ‘grace’, ‘beauty’ + mund ‘protection’. This name was also used by the Norman, among whom it represents a continental Germanic cognate of the Old English name.
Surname or Lastname
English (northern)
English (northern) : variant of Priest.
Surname or Lastname
English (northern Ireland)
English (northern Ireland) : variant of Blakely.
Male
English
Variant spelling of Middle English Estmond, ESMOND means "gracious protector."Â
Surname or Lastname
Northern Irish
Northern Irish : reduced form of McCombs.English : variant of Coombs.
Girl/Female
Biblical
Second.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : apparently a variant of Souther.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Richward, a Norman personal name composed of the Germanic elements rīc ‘power(ful)’ + ward ‘guard’.French : from Old French record, recort ‘recollection’, ‘account’, ‘testimony’, and by extension ‘witness’, hence perhaps a nickname for someone who had given evidence in a court of law, or a metonymic occupational name for a clerk who recorded court proceedings.New England variant of French Ricard, reflecting an Americanized spelling of the Canadian pronunciation.
Female
English
From the name of the state of Arizona in the United States of America, a place considered sacred by the Native Americans. It was named after Sedona Miller Schnebly (1877-1950), the wife of the city's first postmaster. Meaning unknown.
NOETHERS SECOND-THEOREM
NOETHERS SECOND-THEOREM
Girl/Female
Indian
Perfection
Girl/Female
Indian
Wife of Lord shiva., Close to God, Name of Goddess Durga, Goddess Parvati (Wife of Lord Shiva)
Girl/Female
Tamil
Vikasni | விகாஸà¯à®¨à¯€
Goddess Lakshmi
Boy/Male
American, British, Celtic, English, Gaelic, German, Irish
Armored Chief; Ruler; Council-friend; Leader; Chief
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : from a Germanic personal name composed of
the elements haim, heim ‘home’ + rīc ‘power’,
‘ruler’, introduced to England by the Normans in the form
Henri. During the Middle Ages this name became enormously
popular in England and was borne by eight kings. Continental forms of
the personal name were equally popular throughout Europe (German
Heinrich, French Henri, Italian Enrico and
Arrigo, Czech Jindřich, etc.). As an American family
name, the English form Henry has absorbed patronymics and many
other derivatives of this ancient name in continental European
languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988.) In the period in
which the majority of English surnames were formed, a common English
vernacular form of the name was Harry, hence the surnames
Harris (southern) and Harrison (northern). Official
documents of the period normally used the Latinized form
Henricus. In medieval times, English Henry absorbed an
originally distinct Old English personal name that had hagan
‘hawthorn’. Compare Hain 2 as its first element, and there has
also been confusion with Amery.Irish : Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó hInnéirghe ‘descendant of
Innéirghe’, a byname based on éirghe
‘arising’.Irish : Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac ÉinrÃ
or Mac Einri, patronymics from the personal names
ÉinrÃ, Einri, Irish forms of Henry. It is
also found as a variant of McEnery.Jewish (American) : Americanized form of various like-sounding Ashkenazic Jewish names.A bearer of the name from the Touraine region of France is
documented in Quebec city in 1667. Another (also called
Male
Babylonian
, father.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a pet form of Bobb (see Bubb).
Male
Arthurian
, king & knight; son of Arthur.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Well Wisher; Kindly; Goddess Laxmi; Friend
Boy/Male
Hindu
Wish to have peace
NOETHERS SECOND-THEOREM
NOETHERS SECOND-THEOREM
NOETHERS SECOND-THEOREM
NOETHERS SECOND-THEOREM
NOETHERS SECOND-THEOREM
adv.
Secondly; in the second place.
n.
A unit for the measurement of small intervals of time, such that 1012 (ten trillion) of these units make one second.
a.
In a direction toward the north; as, to steer a northern course; coming from the north; as, a northern wind.
a.
The sixtieth part of a minute of time or of a minute of space, that is, the second regular subdivision of the degree; as, sound moves about 1,140 English feet in a second; five minutes and ten seconds north of this place.
n.
The second part in a concerted piece.
a.
Cutting; divivding into two parts; as, a secant line.
a.
Of the rank or degree below the best highest; inferior; second-rate; as, a second-class house; a second-class passage.
adv.
In the second place.
n.
The second part in a concerted piece; -- often popularly applied to the alto.
v. t.
A writing by which some act or event, or a number of acts or events, is recorded; a register; as, a record of the acts of the Hebrew kings; a record of the variations of temperature during a certain time; a family record.
n.
That which is seen at a second view; a meaning beyond the literal sense; the second intention; a hidden signification.
prep.
Past, out of the reach or sphere of; further than; greater than; as, the patient was beyond medical aid; beyond one's strength.
a.
Of the second size, rank, quality, or value; as, a second-rate ship; second-rate cloth; a second-rate champion.
imp. & p. p.
of Second
a.
Being of the same kind as another that has preceded; another, like a protype; as, a second Cato; a second Troy; a second deluge.
n.
A secdond trial, experiment, or test; a second judicial trial, as of an accused person.
n.
One who seconds or supports what another attempts, affirms, moves, or proposes; as, the seconder of an enterprise or of a motion.
n.
A right of inheritance belonging to a second son; a property or possession so inherited.
a.
To follow or attend for the purpose of assisting; to support; to back; to act as the second of; to assist; to forward; to encourage.
a.
Having the power of second-sight.