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Solutes
Osmoprotectants or compatible solutes are small organic molecules with neutral charge and low toxicity at high concentrations that act as osmolytes and
Osmoprotectant
Chemical compound
(S) enantiomer is a natural product which is an intermediate to the osmoprotectant, ectoine. DABA's main action is being an inhibitor of GABA transaminase
2,4-Diaminobutyric_acid
Chemical compound
combine with polyphenols to produce haze (turbidity). L-Proline is an osmoprotectant and therefore is used in many pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications
Proline
Species of pathogenic bacterium found in water
Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) that bacteria can utilize as an osmoprotectant. The combination of increased nutrients and ability to protect itself
Vibrio_vulnificus
Species of shark
(TMAO) in their tissues, which increase their buoyancy and function as osmoprotectants. TMAO also counteracts the protein-destabilizing tendencies of urea
Greenland_shark
Neutral chemical compound with both a positively- and negatively-charged functional group
donor for various metabolic pathways. Mesoionic Mesomeric betaine Osmoprotectants Ylide Physicians Desk Reference (PDR) for Nutritional Supplements,
Betaine
Biochemical shuttle reaction
bacteria and plants still use carnitine for other things such as being an osmoprotectant, or being and electron acceptor in the electron transport chain. The
Carnitine_shuttle
Accumulation of brine in a seafloor depression
allows for a higher energy yield and the intermediates can be used for osmoprotectants. One of the key metabolic features of DHABs is the dissimilatory reduction
Brine_pool
Species of shark
trimethylamine oxide (nitrogenous waste products) within their tissues as osmoprotectants and to increase their buoyancy. Trimethylamine oxide also serves to
Pacific_sleeper_shark
acid. The product DABA in bacteria is subsequently converted to the osmoprotectant, ectoine. In other organisms including Acinetobacter baumannii and Haemophilus
Diaminobutyrate—2-oxoglutarate transaminase
Diaminobutyrate—2-oxoglutarate_transaminase
Organism tolerant osmotic effects from a low water activity
themselves against this high osmotic pressure by the synthesis of osmoprotectants such as alcohols and amino acids. Many osmophilic microorganisms are
Osmophile
Organisms that live in high salt concentrations
fungi; the organism accumulates organic compounds in the cytoplasm—osmoprotectants which are known as compatible solutes. These can be either synthesised
Halophile
Species of bacterium
high salinity environments, which is done through the utilization of osmoprotectants and efflux systems. Nitratidesulfovibrio vulgaris is a sulfate-reducing
Nitratidesulfovibrio_vulgaris
Ability of a plant to withstand dry conditions
carotenoid degradation and anthocyanin accumulation, the intervention of osmoprotectants (such as sucrose, glycine, and proline), ROS-scavenging enzymes. The
Drought_tolerance
Adaptation of living organisms to conditions of high salinity
Halotolerant organisms maintain osmotic balance by producing or accumulating osmoprotectants. This mechanism allows the cell to retain water in conditions of high
Halotolerance
Species of bacterium
pacifica accumulates exogenous amino acids from its environment as osmoprotectants, in contrast with the marine myxobacterium Enhygromyxa salina, which
Plesiocystis_pacifica
Active control of osmotic pressure to maintain homeostasis
genes encoding transporters of osmolytes and enzymes that synthesize osmoprotectants. The EnvZ/OmpR two-component system, which regulates the expression
Osmoregulation
Liquid found in cells
cell. Cells can deal with even larger osmotic changes by accumulating osmoprotectants such as betaines or trehalose in their cytosol. Some of these molecules
Cytosol
Genus of bacteria
1016/S0928-8244(02)00447-9. PMID 12648835. Bayles D. O.; Wilkinson B. J. (2000). "Osmoprotectants and cryoprotectants for Listeria monocytogenes". Letters in Applied
Listeria
2-O-(α-D-glucopyranosyl)glycerol In Synechocystis cyanobacteria, the product is an osmoprotectant which provides salt tolerance. The biosynthesis starts with the enzyme
Glucosylglycerol 3-phosphatase
Glucosylglycerol_3-phosphatase
Species of bacterium
deep-sea environments due to its halophilic nature and the production of osmoprotectants such as ectoine, hydroxyectoine, and glycine betaine. These properties
Halomonas_titanicae
synthase (EC 4.2.1.108) catalyzes the chemical reaction which forms the osmoprotectant ectoine in many bacteria, including Halomonas elongata, Bacillus pasteurii
Ectoine_synthase
Chemical compound
(2011). "A specialized aspartokinase enhances the biosynthesis of the osmoprotectants ectoine and hydroxyectoine in Pseudomonas stutzeri A1501". Journal
Ectoine
Organic fertilizer made from seaweed
that wheat plants treated with seaweed extracts have accumulated key osmoprotectants such as proline, other amino acids, and total protein. Foliar applications
Seaweed_fertiliser
Chemical compound
Nuccio, Michael L.; Hanson, Andrew D. (1999). "Betaines and Related Osmoprotectants. Targets for Metabolic Engineering of Stress Resistance". Plant Physiology
Dimethylsulfoniopropionate
Family of transport proteins
Kempf B, Bremer E, Kappes RM (1996). "Three transport systems for the osmoprotectant glycine betaine operate in Bacillus subtilis: characterization of OpuD"
Betaine_transporter
Instruments measuring photosynthetic rates
effects of heat and drought stress cause sucrose to serve as the major osmoprotectant. Plant physiologists from The University of Putra Malaysia and The University
Photosynthesis_system
Potential biological pathway for atmospheric methane production
(DMSP) is a common compound in marine environments used by algae as an osmoprotectant. Several studies have revealed that the degradation of DMSP by bacteria
Aerobic_methane_production
Gene
water and oxygen. The otsBA gene product trehalose functions as an osmoprotectant and is needed for desiccation resistance. Additional RpoS-dependent
RpoS
Chemical compound
PMID 15436263. S2CID 38393819. McNeil SD (1999). "Betaines and related osmoprotectants. Targets for metabolic engineering of stress resistance". Plant Physiology
S-Methylmethionine
Species of bacterium
Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus cells degrade hydrocarbons and excrete osmoprotectant ectoine. They also excrete Petrobactin, “a bis-catechol α-hydroxy acid
Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus
Marinobacter_hydrocarbonoclasticus
Species of bacterium
pacifica accumulates exogenous amino acids from its environment as osmoprotectants, in contrast with E. salina, which expresses genes for the synthesis
Enhygromyxa
Organic compounds that influence the properties of biological fluids
methylsulfonium compounds, and urea. Natural osmolytes that can act as osmoprotectants include trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), dimethylsulfoniopropionate,
Osmolyte
osmotic-related transport genes and synthesis of glycine-betaine, an osmoprotectant (molecules that help with osmotic pressure). Pseudomonas extremaustralis
Pseudomonas_extremaustralis
New Zealand botanist and academic
water deficit because of increased levels of the cyclitol pinitol as an osmoprotectant which provided high levels of useable carbohydrate. The study concluded
Rod_Bieleski
Species of bacterium
cardiolipin. Ectoine, glutamate, and, to a lesser extent, sucrose act as osmoprotectants. Plymouth University microbiologist Rich Boden, using the Tamura–Nei
Methylophaga_muralis
Chemical compound
Samiksha; Singh, Vijay Pratap; Prasad, Sheo Mohan (2015). "Roles of osmoprotectants in improving salinity and drought tolerance in plants: A review". Reviews
Ononitol
OSMOPROTECTANT
OSMOPROTECTANT
OSMOPROTECTANT
OSMOPROTECTANT
Girl/Female
Muslim
Present, Gift
Boy/Male
Latin
Paladin.
Male
Hungarian
Hungarian form of Old High German Sigmund, ZSIGMOND means "victory-protection."
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
Gold Man
Boy/Male
English French
Abbreviation of Dionysius.
Female
Russian
(ЗиновиÑ) Feminine form of Russian Zinoviy, ZINOVIYA means "life of Zeus."Â
Boy/Male
Tamil
Umamaheshwar | உமாஂமாஂஹேஷà¯à®µà®°Â
The son of Lord Shiva
Girl/Female
Australian, Finnish, Swedish
Sweet Spoken
Boy/Male
Biblical
Voice of the Lord.
Girl/Female
Indian, Tamil
Goddess Amman
OSMOPROTECTANT
OSMOPROTECTANT
OSMOPROTECTANT
OSMOPROTECTANT
OSMOPROTECTANT