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Cracks in many different elastomers due to ozone attack
Ozone Cracking Cracks can be formed in many different elastomers by ozone attack, and the characteristic form of attack of vulnerable rubbers is known
Ozone_cracking
Triatomic oxygen molecule
some ozone is produced by electrical components. Storing rubber products in close proximity to a DC electric motor can accelerate ozone cracking. The
Ozone
Growth of cracks in a corrosive environment
leakage and fire may follow. Ozone cracking can be prevented by adding anti-ozonants to the rubber before vulcanization. Ozone cracks were commonly seen in automobile
Stress_corrosion_cracking
Imbalance of electric charges within or on the surface of a material
create ozone, which can degrade rubber parts. Many elastomers are sensitive to ozone cracking. Exposure to ozone creates deep penetrative cracks in critical
Static_electricity
Cleavage of C=C, C≡C, or N=N bonds with ozone
polyolefin-based products are treated with antiozonants. Ozone cracking is a form of stress corrosion cracking where active chemical species attack products of
Ozonolysis
Study of failure in polymeric products
under load, then cracks will grow by the mechanism of stress corrosion cracking. Perhaps the oldest known example is the ozone cracking of rubbers, where
Forensic_polymer_engineering
Any artificial elastomer
petroleum-based monomers. Some synthetic rubbers are less sensitive to ozone cracking than natural rubber. Natural rubber is sensitive because of the double
Synthetic_rubber
Gradual destruction of materials by chemical reaction with its environment
ultraviolet light), free radicals, and oxidizers such as oxygen, ozone, and chlorine. Ozone cracking is a well-known problem affecting natural rubber for example
Corrosion
Class of chemical compounds
properties of the material. The most obvious effect of this is cracking of the elastomer (ozone cracking), which is exacerbated by mechanical stress. The rate
Antiozonant
Alteration in the polymer properties under the influence of environmental factors
environmental stress cracking, which accelerates degradation. Polymers, which are not fully saturated, are vulnerable to attack by ozone. This gas exists
Polymer_degradation
Substance composed of macromolecules with repeating structural units
devices. One of the oldest known failure modes is ozone cracking caused by chain scission when ozone gas attacks susceptible elastomers, such as natural
Polymer
Bicycle tube valve
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Presta_valve
Dutch automotive engineer
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Hans_B._Pacejka
Catastrophic failure of a tire
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Blowout_(tire)
Motor vehicle and bicycle tube valve
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Schrader_valve
Specialized metal tool used in working with tires
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Tire_iron
Inflation pressure of tires before a car is driven
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Cold_inflation_pressure
Use of pressurised gas in mechanical systems
switch Launched roller coaster Vacuum pump Vacuum sewer Compressed air Ozone cracking – can affect pneumatic seals Pneudraulics History of pneumatic power
Pneumatics
Changing the position of tires to ensure even wear
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Tire_rotation
Synthetic rubber polymer
Japanese occupation, was unavailable to Allied nations. Nitrile rubber Ozone cracking Tire Steven Di Pilla (2 June 2004), Slip and Fall Prevention: A Practical
Styrene-butadiene
Mark left by any solid which moves against another
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Skid_mark
Type of synthetic rubber formed from the polymerization of butadiene
double bond in each and every repeat unit, the material is sensitive to ozone cracking. The annual production of polybutadiene was 2.0 million tons in 2003
Polybutadiene
Mark for motor vehicle tyres
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Tyre_label
Term or maneuver in vehicle dynamics
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Slip_angle
Bicycle tube valve
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Dunlop_valve
Polymer harvested from certain trees
rubber is susceptible to vulcanisation as well as being sensitive to ozone cracking. The two main solvents for rubber are turpentine and naphtha (petroleum)
Natural_rubber
Device securing a tire bead to a wheel
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Beadlock
Mechanical, toroid gasket that seals an interface
Labyrinth seal O-ring theory of economic development Obturating ring Ozone cracking Polymer degradation Whitlock, Jerry (2004). "The Seal Man's O-Ring Handbook"
O-ring
Portion of a tire that is in contact with the road
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Contact_patch
Branch of forensic engineering
Fracture Fractography Fracture mechanics Ozone cracking Polymer degradation Skid mark Stress corrosion cracking Trace evidence Lewis, Peter Rhys; Reynolds
Forensic materials engineering
Forensic_materials_engineering
Rubber on the circumference of a tire that contacts the ground
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Tire_tread
Type of friction brake for vehicles
ArvinMeritor Compression release engine brake Gladhand connector Knorr-Bremse Ozone cracking Polymer degradation Railway air brake WABCO Vehicle Control Systems
Air_brake_(road_vehicle)
Ionization of air around a high-voltage conductor
leading to equipment failure. Elastomer items such as O-rings can suffer ozone cracking. Plastic film capacitors operating at mains voltage can suffer progressive
Corona_discharge
Polyatomic ion (O3, charge –1), or cyclic compounds made from ozone and alkenes
presence of water to carbonyl compounds: aldehydes, ketones, peroxides. Ozone cracking Superoxide, O−2 Oxide, O2− Dioxygenyl, O+2 Cotton, F. A.; Wilkinson
Ozonide
Process to improve rubber's traction
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Siping_(rubber)
Loss of traction due to water buildup under tires
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Aquaplaning
Mechanical seal made of a flexible membrane
seals are susceptible to failure via several mechanisms, including cracking. Ozone cracking can occur in many elastomers for example used in pneumatic systems
Diaphragm_seal
Harmful high-frequency radiation
materials even after the original radiation has stopped (e.g. ozone cracking of polymers by ozone formed by ionization of air). Ionizing radiation can also
Ionizing_radiation
Type of valve
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Valve_stem
Force from tire camber angle
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Camber_thrust
Standards for passenger car tires
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Uniform_Tire_Quality_Grading
Mass distribution in an automobile tire
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Tire_balance
Additional tire carried in a motor vehicle as a replacement for one that fails
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Spare_tire
Motor standards organisation
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European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation
European_Tyre_and_Rim_Technical_Organisation
Uncontrolled burning involving a motor vehicle
in the engine compartment. Fires with casualties have been caused by ozone cracking of nitrile rubber fuel lines for example.[citation needed] Vehicles
Vehicle_fire
Type of mechanical seal
Oakum Plumber's putty Thread seal tape (plumber's tape) Head gasket Ozone cracking Polymer degradation Vacuum flange Wills Ring "Aerospace & Military Mica
Gasket
Re-manufacturing process for tires that replace the tread on worn tires
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Retread
American chemist
early account of rubber recycling, and he studied the mitigation of ozone cracking. He held 48 patents in the field of rubber technology, retiring as Technical
Herbert_A._Winkelmann
Chemical used to prevent degradation
Antiozonants prevents or retards the degradation of polymers caused by ozone (ozone cracking) sequestrants, forming chelate complexes and inactivating traces
Stabilizer_(chemistry)
Events involving the combustion of tires
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Tire_fire
Deflated pneumatic tire
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Flat_tire
Term for the edge of a tire that sits on the rim
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Tire_bead
Machine used to help tire technicians dismount and mount tires with automobile wheels
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Tire_changer
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Tramlining
Stabilizer added to polymeric materials
particularly towards unsaturated polymers such as rubber, where it causes ozone cracking. The mechanism of ozonolysis is different from other forms of oxidation
Polymer_stabilizer
Pressure exerted on the ground by the tires or tracks of a motorized vehicle
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Ground_pressure
Force produced by a vehicle tire during cornering
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Cornering_force
Tyres designed for Formula One cars
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Formula_One_tyres
Effects of ionizing radiation
formation of reactive compounds, affecting other materials (e.g. ozone cracking by ozone formed by ionization of air). By ionization, causing electrical
Radiation_damage
Process of tire fabrication
oxide Antioxidants and antiozonants prevent sidewall cracking due to the action of sunlight and ozone Textile fabric reinforces the carcass of the tire Tire
Tire_manufacturing
Offset in tire force application point
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Pneumatic_trail
Torque aligning tire to travel direction
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Self_aligning_torque
Synthetic rubber
EPDM: Weather Resistance: Exceptional resistance to UV degradation and ozone cracking. Chemical Resistance: High resistance to corrosive chemicals, including
Hypalon
Behaviour of tires under load
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Tire_load_sensitivity
Motion between surfaces
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Slip_(vehicle_dynamics)
Tyre tread pattern
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Bar_grip
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Radial_force_variation
Run-flat tire component
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Tire_mousse
Electronic system in vehicles
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Tire-pressure monitoring system
Tire-pressure_monitoring_system
Tire air pressure control system
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Central_tire_inflation_system
Maintenance of motor vehicle tires
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Tire_maintenance
Type of pressure gauge
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Tire-pressure_gauge
Overview of and topical guide to tires
tires Tire recycling Tire fire Belt Edge Separation Blowout Flat tire Ozone cracking Apollo Tyres – Indian tyre manufacturing company Bridgestone – Japanese
Outline_of_tires
Diagram of tire forces in vehicle dynamics
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Circle_of_forces
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Groove_wander
Reuse of waste tires
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Tire_recycling
Externally-mounted spare tire behind an automobile's trunk
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Continental_tire
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Lateral_force_variation
Force resisting the motion when a body rolls on a surface
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Rolling_resistance
Rubber- or plastics-coated fabrics — Determination of resistance to ozone cracking under static conditions ISO 3012:1999 Petroleum products — Determination
List of ISO standards 3000–4999
List_of_ISO_standards_3000–4999
Automotive Tool
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Bead_breaker
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Tire recycling in the United States
Tire_recycling_in_the_United_States
Property of pneumatic tires
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Relaxation_length
Practice of fitting larger wheels with low-profile tires
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Plus_sizing
Analysis of tire treads at crime scenes
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Forensic_tire_tread_evidence
ISO 431] ISO 1431 Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Resistance to ozone cracking ISO 1431-1:2022 Part 1: Static and dynamic strain testing ISO 1431-2:1994
List_of_ISO_standards_1–1999
Automotive pressure monitoring system
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Direct_TPMS
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Tire_manipulator
Type of plaster
due to its relatively high ozone reaction probability. Ozone is produced outdoors, but there are also sources of ozone in indoor environments, for example
Earthen_plaster
American engineer (1917–2010)
patents included testing devices / methods for measuring cure behavior, ozone cracking, rubber tack and cutting and chipping resistance of rubber. He chaired
J._Roger_Beatty
Use of spectroscopy to investigate and solve problems
crack surfaces, which can be detected using EDX in the ESEM. For example, two EDX spectra were obtained during an investigation into ozone cracking of
Applied_spectroscopy
Academic journal published by the Tire Society
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Tire_Science_and_Technology
Professional body
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Tire_Society
Colourless non-flammable greenhouse gas
increasing at 1 ppb annually. It is a major scavenger of stratospheric ozone, with an impact comparable to that of CFCs. About 40% of human-caused emissions
Nitrous_oxide
Expression of danger in substances
Suspected of causing endocrine disruption in humans EUH059: Hazardous to the ozone layer, superseded by GHS Class 5.1 in the second adaptation to technical
GHS_hazard_statements
Form of electromagnetic radiation
generate the ozone in the ozone layer when single oxygen atoms produced by UV photolysis of dioxygen react with more dioxygen. The ozone layer is especially
Ultraviolet
Conduction of electricity through an insulator under sufficiently high voltage
recombine to create new chemical compounds, such as ozone, carbon monoxide, and nitrous oxide. Ozone is most easily noticed due to its distinct odour. Although
Electrical_breakdown
Chemical compound
blowing agent in the manufacture of polyurethane insulating foam, replacing ozone-depleting agents such as CFC-11 and HCFC-141b. While cyclopentane is not
Cyclopentane
Disposal process for scrap
recycling, ship demolition, ship scrapping, ship dismantling, or ship cracking) is a type of ship disposal involving the breaking up of ships either as
Ship_breaking
Gas layer surrounding Mars
significantly lower than Earth's because of the absence of stratospheric ozone and the radiative cooling effect of carbon dioxide at higher altitudes.
Atmosphere_of_Mars
OZONE CRACKING
OZONE CRACKING
Surname or Lastname
Dutch
Dutch : from zoon ‘son’, a distinguishing epithet for a son who shared the same personal name as his father.English (southwestern) : variant of Son.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Zone
Boy/Male
Bengali, Indian
Lightening Insect; Who is in Zone
OZONE CRACKING
OZONE CRACKING
Boy/Male
Tamil
Shrikanta | à®·à¯à®°à¯€à®•à®¾à®‚தாÂ
An epithet of Vishnu, God of wealth or Vishnu or husband of Lakshmi, Beautiful, Lord Shiva, Of glorious neck
Boy/Male
American, British, English
From the Raven's Meadow
Boy/Male
Muslim
Rise. Mount.
Girl/Female
Sikh
Elixir obtained from holy congregation
Boy/Male
Scottish
This may have given rise to the Scottish dialect word 'cuddy', meaning donkey.
Male
German
Variant form of Old High German Sigmund, SIGISMUND means "victory-protection."
Female
Russian
(Жанна) Russian form of Anglo-Norman French Jehane, ZHANNA means "God is gracious."
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Marathi
First Rays of Morning Sun; Calm; Bright
Surname or Lastname
English
English : perhaps a habitational name for someone who lived by a long strip of ground, Middle English langet (a derivative of lang ‘long’).
Boy/Male
English Welsh American Celtic
From the big town.
OZONE CRACKING
OZONE CRACKING
OZONE CRACKING
OZONE CRACKING
OZONE CRACKING
a.
Of or pertaining to a zone; zone-shaped.
a.
Wearing a zone, or girdle.
n.
An apparatus employed to indicate the presence, or the amount, of ozone.
n.
A zone or band; a layer.
a.
Serving to indicate the presence or the amount of ozone.
n.
The act or process of producing, or of subjecting to the action of, ozone.
n.
A little zone, or girdle.
n.
The measurement or determination of the quantity of ozone.
n.
The act of treating with ozone; also, the act of converting into, or producing, ozone; ozonization.
a.
Of or pertaining to a zone; having the form of a zone or zones.
n.
Circuit; circumference.
n.
A colorless gaseous substance (O/) obtained (as by the silent discharge of electricity in oxygen) as an allotropic form of oxygen, containing three atoms in the molecule. It is a streng oxidizer, and probably exists in the air, though by he ordinary tests it is liable to be confused with certain other substances, as hydrogen dioxide, or certain oxides of nitrogen. It derives its name from its peculiar odor, which resembles that of weak chlorine.
v. t.
To convert into ozone, as oxygen.
n.
A band or area of growth encircling anything; as, a zone of evergreens on a mountain; the zone of animal or vegetable life in the ocean around an island or a continent; the Alpine zone, that part of mountains which is above the limit of tree growth.
v. t.
To treat with ozone.
n.
An apparatus or agent for the production or application of ozone.
n.
A series of planes having mutually parallel intersections.
v. t.
To girdle; to encircle.
a.
Not having a zone; ungirded.
a.
Pertaining to, resembling, or containing, ozone.