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Minor British banking crisis
The Panic of 1847 was a major British commercial and banking crisis, possibly triggered by the announcement in early March 1847 of government borrowing
Panic_of_1847
American economic crisis
The Panic of 1857 was a financial crisis in the United States caused by the declining international economy and over-expansion of the domestic economy
Panic_of_1857
19th-century United States financial crisis
The Panic of 1837 was a financial crisis in the United States that began a major depression which lasted until the mid-1840s. Profits, prices, and wages
Panic_of_1837
Three-week financial crisis in the United States
The Panic of 1907, also known as the 1907 Bankers' Panic or Knickerbocker Crisis, was a financial crisis that took place in the United States over a three-week
Panic_of_1907
1893–97 financial crisis in the United States
The Panic of 1893 was an economic depression in the United States. It began in February 1893 and officially ended eight months later. The Panic of 1896
Panic_of_1893
Situation in which financial assets suddenly lose a large part of their nominal value
nearly failed. Panic of 1837: pervasive USA economic recession with bank failures; a 5-year depression ensued. Panic of 1847: a collapse of British financial
Financial_crisis
depression Panic of 1847, started as a collapse of British financial markets associated with the end of the 1840s railway industry boom Panic of 1857, a
List_of_economic_crises
economic crisis was an economic crisis in India resulting from a balance of payments deficit due to excess reliance on imports and other external factors
1991_Indian_economic_crisis
Global stock market crash
Sobel, Robert (1988). Panic on Wall Street: A Classic History of America's Financial Disasters – With a New Exploration of the Crash of 1987. E. P. Dutton
Black_Monday_(1987)
Financial crisis leading to economic depression in Europe and North America
The Panic of 1873 was a financial crisis that triggered an economic depression in Europe and North America that lasted from 1873 to 1877, continuing until
Panic_of_1873
Worldwide economic crisis
leveraged British bank, received support from the Bank of England. This led to investor panic and a bank run. September 18, 2007: The Federal Open Market
2008_financial_crisis
Concept asserting ongoing stock market bubble
flow of investments that are artificially inflating the value of their stocks. Some, like Ray Dalio, see similarities with the dot-com bubble of the 1990s
AI_bubble
American gold panic
a gold panic broke out in the United States, triggering a financial crisis. The panic, which became known as Black Friday, was the result of a conspiracy
Black_Friday_(1869)
1845–1852 mass starvation in Ireland
unfunded tax cuts. This led to the Panic of 1847, in which gold was withdrawn from circulation, so reducing the amount of bank notes that the Bank could legally
Great_Famine_(Ireland)
Mass withdrawal of money from banks
by banking panics. The Great Depression contained several banking crises consisting of runs on multiple banks from 1929 to 1933; some of these were specific
Bank_run
English civil and marine engineer (1806–1859)
Albert Bridge was also eventually successful, but the lasting impact of the panic of 1847 meant Brunel had to simplify its design, and it was only completed
Isambard_Kingdom_Brunel
timeline of how we got here". AP News. 26 March 2025. Retrieved 10 April 2025. Sobel, Robert (1988). Panic on Wall Street: A Classic History of America's
List of stock market crashes and bear markets
List_of_stock_market_crashes_and_bear_markets
Financial crisis in the United States
The Panic of 1819 was the first widespread and durable financial crisis in the United States; it slowed westward expansion in the Cotton Belt and was followed
Panic_of_1819
Period of rapid progress in AI
An AI boom is a period of rapid growth in the field of artificial intelligence. The most recent boom happened in the 2020s before seeing increased acceleration
AI_boom
International financial downturn
The Panic of 1866 was a major financial crisis in the United Kingdom that accompanied the failure of Overend, Gurney and Company, a leading wholesale discount
Panic_of_1866
1760–1840 agrarian to industrial era shift
businesses into state-of-the-art operations". In 1847 Fry's of Bristol produced the first chocolate bar. Their competitor Cadbury, of Birmingham, was the
Industrial_Revolution
Crash of the New York Stock Exchange
The Panic of 1901 was the first stock market crash on the New York Stock Exchange, caused in part by struggles between E. H. Harriman, Jacob Schiff, and
Panic_of_1901
the Bank of England Panic of 1837, a U.S. recession with bank failures, followed by a 5-year depression Panic of 1847, United Kingdom Panic of 1857, a
List_of_banking_crises
Major stock market crash in the United States
purchase stock at prices above market value, a strategy used during the Panic of 1907. This encouraged a brief recovery before Black Tuesday. Further action
Wall_Street_crash_of_1929
18th-century British and American financial crisis
The Panic of 1796–1797 was a series of downturns in credit markets in both Great Britain and the newly established United States in 1796 that led to broader
Panic_of_1796–1797
central bank nor deposit insurance during this era, banking panics were common. The dating of recessions during this period is controversial. Modern economic
List of recessions in the United States
List_of_recessions_in_the_United_States
Regional financial crisis that struck East and Southeast Asia in 1997–1998
companies to default on debt obligations. The resulting panic among lenders led to a large withdrawal of credit from the crisis countries, causing a credit
1997_Asian_financial_crisis
Financial credit crisis in the United States
The Panic of 1792 was a financial credit crisis that occurred during the months of March and April 1792, precipitated by the expansion of credit by the
Panic_of_1792
Sudden widespread decline of stock prices
decline of stock prices across a major cross-section of a stock market, resulting in a significant loss of paper wealth. Crashes are driven by panic selling
Stock_market_crash
Finance property of an asset
value. A liquid asset has some or all of the following features: it can be sold rapidly, with minimal loss of value, anytime within market hours.[citation
Market_liquidity
Financial crisis in the United States
The Panic of 1896 was an acute economic depression in the United States that was less serious than other panics of the era, precipitated by a drop in silver
Panic_of_1896
Economic panic in the United States
The Panic of 1884 was an economic panic during the Depression of 1882–1885. It was unusual in that it struck at the end rather than the beginning of the
Panic_of_1884
2007–2009 international economic decline
historical banking panics of the 19th and early 20th centuries, the current banking panic is a wholesale panic, not a retail panic. In the earlier episodes
Great_Recession
Worldwide economic event
decline of several stock market indices worldwide between January and October 2022. The decline was due to the highest inflation readings as part of the 2021–2023
2022_stock_market_decline
Global stock market crash
sweeping tariffs impacting nearly all sectors of the US economy. The announcement triggered widespread panic selling across global stock markets. It became
2025_stock_market_crash
Tech stock speculative craze, c. 1995–2003
06-029). SSRN 899100. Kindleberger, Charles P. (2005). Manias, Panics, and Crashes: A History of Financial Crises. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780230365353.[permanent
Dot-com_bubble
Speculation crisis in England
The Panic of 1825 was a stock market crash that originated in the Bank of England, arising partly from speculative investments in Latin America. The crisis
Panic_of_1825
1870–1914 electrical and chemical era
Industrial Revolution, also known as the Technological Revolution, was a phase of rapid scientific discovery, standardization, mass production and industrialization
Second_Industrial_Revolution
Sudden collapse of asset values which generates a credit or business cycle
A Minsky moment is a sudden, major collapse of asset values which marks the end of the growth phase of a cycle in credit markets or business activity.
Minsky_moment
Global oil shortage due to geopolitics
of Dr. Mana Alotaiba increased production to offset the decline, and the overall loss in production was about 4 percent. However, a widespread panic resulted
1970s_energy_crisis
Situation of prolonged doubt in the strength of Britain's currency
borrowing costs), a balance-of-payments deficit, a public-spending deficit, and the 1973 oil crisis were contributors. The origins of the crisis have been attributed
1976_sterling_crisis
High inflation, low economic growth, and high unemployment
Archived from the original on 14 March 2008. Retrieved 24 May 2010. ( "Panic at the Pump". Time Magazine. 14 January 1974. Archived from the original
Stagflation
International recession in 1890
The Baring crisis or the Panic of 1890 was an acute recession in the United States. Although less serious than other panics of the era, it is the 19th
Baring_crisis
Practice of lowering the intrinsic value of coins
A debasement of coinage is the practice of lowering the intrinsic value of coins, especially when used in connection with commodity money, such as gold
Debasement
Rapid fall in security prices within a very short time period
interconnectedness can result in the loss and recovery of billions of dollars in a matter of minutes and seconds, but in reality occur because almost
Flash_crash
European selloff of American securities following the outbreak of WWI
the supply of paper money to avoid a run on the banks that would force them to suspend deposit convertibility, as they had in the Panic of 1907. On August
Financial_crisis_of_1914
compounded by the outbreak of the 1973 oil crisis. It was a major event of the 1970s recession. All the main stock indices of the future G7 bottomed out
1973–1974_stock_market_crash
2007 mortgage crisis in the United States
historical banking panics of the 19th and early 20th centuries, the current banking panic is a wholesale panic, not a retail panic. In the earlier episodes
Subprime_mortgage_crisis
Periods of currency instability
economy of Zimbabwe has been undergoing hyperinflation since February 2007, according to Cagan's definition of hyperinflation. During the height of inflation
Hyperinflation_in_Zimbabwe
Temporary spike in asset prices
(2020–2021) Panic of 1837 Great Depression (1929–1934) Lost Decade (Japan) (1990–2013) Early 2000s recession (2002–2003) Great Recession (2007–2009) Panic of 1873
Economic_bubble
Type of financial crisis
self-fulfilling panics that hit the financial intermediaries, force liquidation of long run assets, which then "confirms" the panics.[citation needed]
Currency_crisis
Financial resources readily available for use, typically in cash or near-cash form
Liquid capital or fluid capital is the part of a firm's assets that it holds as money. It includes cash balances, bank deposits, and money market investments
Liquid_capital
1840s northern European food crisis
"Long-run effects on longevity of a nutritional shock early in life: the Dutch Potato famine of 1846–1847." Journal of health economics 29.5 (2010): 617-629
European_potato_failure
1970s recession in the global steel market
U.S. imported 34.5 million tons in 2017); the U.S. became a net importer of steel in 1959. The federal government responded with multiple measures in
Steel_crisis
Minor economic depression
The Panic of 1910–11 was a minor economic depression that followed the enforcement of the Sherman Antitrust Act, which regulates the competition among
Panic_of_1910–11
17-month bear market
The US bear market of 2007–2009 was a bear market that lasted from October 9, 2007 to March 9, 2009, encompassing the 2008 financial crisis. The S&P 500
United States bear market of 2007–2009
United_States_bear_market_of_2007–2009
Shortage of gold and silver in 15th-century Europe
Great Bullion Famine was a shortage of precious metals that struck Europe in the 15th century, with the worst years of the famine being 1457 to 1464. During
Great_Bullion_Famine
French joint-stock company
as it was for a brief moment granted the entire revenue-raising capacity of the French state. It also absorbed all previous French chartered colonial
John_Law's_Company
Worldwide increase in crude oil prices following the Iranian Revolution
energy policy and availability. Due to memories of the oil shortage in 1973, motorists soon began panic buying, and long lines appeared at gas stations
1979_oil_crisis
stock markets to drop sharply. In international and domestic markets, stocks of companies in some sectors were hit particularly hard. Travel and entertainment
Economic effects of the September 11 attacks
Economic_effects_of_the_September_11_attacks
Long period of worldwide economic growth following World War II
economic boom or the Golden Age of Capitalism was a broad period of worldwide economic expansion beginning with the aftermath of World War II and ending with
Post–World War II economic expansion
Post–World_War_II_economic_expansion
United States financial crisis
The Panic of 1930 was a financial crisis that occurred in the United States which led to a severe decline in the money supply during a period of declining
Panic_of_1930
18th century period of speculative canal building in the United Kingdom
Canal Mania was the period of intense canal building in England and Wales between the 1790s and 1810s, and the speculative frenzy that ensued in the early
Canal_Mania
Coldest recorded winter in Europe
recorded in Upminster, Great Britain, near London, a low of −12 °C (10 °F) on the night of 5 January 1709, the lowest he had ever measured since he started
Great_Frost_of_1709
18th‑century British company involved in a major financial scandal
created as a public-private partnership to consolidate and reduce the cost of the national debt. To generate income, in 1713 the company was granted a monopoly
South_Sea_Company
1992 UK financial crisis
held the presidency of the Council of the European Union. The crisis damaged the credibility of the second Major ministry in handling of economic matters
Black_Wednesday
16th-century English currency policy
debasement policy introduced in 1544 England under the order of Henry VIII which saw the amount of precious metal in gold and silver coins reduced and in some
The_Great_Debasement
17th-century economic bubble in the Netherlands
(2005), Manias, Panics, and Crashes: A History of Financial Crises (5th ed.), Wiley, ISBN 978-0-471-46714-4 Mackay, Charles (1841), Memoirs of Extraordinary
Tulip_mania
OAPEC petroleum embargo
cut in December, causing a panic. On November 22, Japan issued a statement "asserting that Israel should withdraw from all of the 1967 territories, advocating
1973_oil_crisis
Situation causing mass societal disruption
(or alternately a societal crisis) is a crisis in which the basic structure of a society experiences some drastic interruption or decline. A social crisis
Social_crisis
1980 crash in the U.S. silver market
followed a rapid rise in silver prices and the accumulation of a large long position by members of the Hunt family, principally Nelson Bunker Hunt and William
Silver_Thursday
The history of the British national debt can be traced back to the reign of William III, who engaged a syndicate of City traders and merchants to offer
History of the British national debt
History_of_the_British_national_debt
2010s–present technological convergence era
significant shift in industrial capitalism. A part of this phase of industrial change is the joining of technologies like artificial intelligence, gene editing
Fourth_Industrial_Revolution
Speculative frenzy in the UK in the 1840s about railways
Bike boom Timeline of transportation technology Campbell, Gareth (2014), "Government Policy during the British Railway Mania and the 1847 Commercial Crisis"
Railway_Mania
Slave trade between Africa and the West
or transatlantic slave trade involved the transportation by slave traders of enslaved African people to the Americas. This trade was operated by slave
Atlantic_slave_trade
Financial and economic crisis in the Roman Empire
in the Roman Empire, during the reign of Emperor Tiberius. After a shift in government policy and a series of confiscations reduced the Roman money supply
Financial_crisis_of_33
Low availability of energy resources
In the worst kind of energy crisis energy rationing and fuel rationing may be incurred. Panic buying may beset outlets as awareness of shortages spread
Energy_crisis
Economies of South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore and Hong Kong
rates of more than 7 percent a year. By the early 21st century, these economies had developed into high-income economies, specialising in areas of competitive
Four_Asian_Tigers
Banking crisis beginning in March 2023
The 2023 United States banking crisis was a series of bank failures and bankruptcies that took place in early 2023, with the United States federal government
2023 United States banking crisis
2023_United_States_banking_crisis
Devaluation of money's purchasing power
increase in the average price of goods and services in terms of money, though it originally referred to the increase of the money supply (monetary inflation)
Inflation
1701–1714 European great power conflict
crisis, the rival claimants being Philip of Anjou, grandson of Louis XIV of France, and Archduke Charles of Austria, supported by the Grand Alliance.
War_of_the_Spanish_Succession
Upturn in economic activity
expansion is an upturn in the level of economic activity and of the goods and services available. It is a finite period of growth, often measured by a rise
Economic_expansion
Community with sudden economic & population growth
discovery of a local natural resource, the factories were set up there to take advantage of the excellent Midlands infrastructure and the availability of large
Boomtown
Scenario in which financial shocks spread to other financial sectors
because the Federal Reserve was unsuccessful at relieving multiple banking panics. The resultant collapse in prices and output worldwide forced sovereign
Financial_contagion
Economic term to distinguish types of recessions
recovery shapes, are terms used by economists to describe different types of recessions and their subsequent recoveries. There is no specific academic
Recession_shapes
US financial crisis from 1986 to 1995
stepped in to prevent the failure of almost 2,300 smaller banks which had their money in Continental and a general panic. Moreover, even by 1983, FSLIC's
Savings_and_loan_crisis
Period of extreme inflation in Germany during 1921–1923
Hyperinflation affected the German Papiermark, the currency of the Weimar Republic, between 1921 and 1923, primarily in 1923. The German currency had seen
Hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic
Hyperinflation_in_the_Weimar_Republic
Acute shortage of liquidity
equilibrium where all depositors panic and withdraw their deposits immediately. This gives rise to self-fulfilling panics among depositors, as we observe
Liquidity_crisis
major financial downturn that saw sharp declines in key indices, investor panic, and economic uncertainty. It followed a strong market rally in 2024 but
Stock_market_crashes_in_India
Global financial crisis
and the United States (US), and spread through the rest of the world. After the recession of the early 1990s, historically low interest rates in many
1994_bond_market_crisis
19th-century financial crisis in Australia
of a considerable number of commercial banks and building societies, and a general economic depression. It occurred at the same time as the US Panic of
Australian banking crisis of 1893
Australian_banking_crisis_of_1893
1789 monetary crisis in the United States
The Copper Panic of 1789 was a monetary crisis of the early United States that was caused by debasement and loss of confidence in copper coins that occurred
Copper_Panic_of_1789
Series of economic events in Western Europe
was a series of economic events that occurred in the second half of the 16th century, and most specifically linked to the high rate of inflation that
Price_revolution
1918–1939 period between the World Wars
history of the 20th century, the interwar period lasted from 11 November 1918 to 1 September 1939 (20 years, 9 months, 21 days) – from the end of World
Interwar_period
Rapidly accelerating inflation
accelerating inflation. It quickly erodes the real value of the local currency, as the prices of all goods increase. This causes people to minimize their
Hyperinflation
Paradox in economics
The paradox of thrift (or paradox of saving) is a paradox of economics. The paradox states that an increase in autonomous saving leads to a decrease in
Paradox_of_thrift
International sharp drop in stock prices
United States, Middle East, Europe and Asia. This was due to fears of contagion of the European sovereign debt crisis to Spain and Italy, as well as concerns
August 2011 stock markets fall
August_2011_stock_markets_fall
Interest rate without adjusting for inflation
finance and economics, the nominal interest rate or nominal rate of interest is the rate of interest stated on a loan or investment, without any adjustments
Nominal_interest_rate
Sustained downturn in economic activity
crises were traditionally referred to as "panics", e.g., the 'major' Panic of 1907, and the 'minor' Panic of 1910–1911, though the 1929 crisis was more
Economic_depression
Industrial shift to information technology
centered on information technology. The onset of the Information Age has been linked to the development of the transistor in 1947. This technological advance
Information_Age
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