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Monosynaptic reflex
The patellar reflex, also called the knee reflex or knee-jerk, is a stretch reflex which tests the L2, L3, and L4 segments of the spinal cord. Many animals
Patellar_reflex
Neural pathway which controls a reflex
chemical synapse. In the case of peripheral muscle reflexes (patellar reflex, achilles reflex), brief stimulation to the muscle spindle results in contraction
Reflex_arc
Muscle contraction in response to stretching
tendon: Jaw jerk reflex (CN V) Biceps reflex C5/C6 Brachioradialis reflex C6 Extensor digitorum reflex C6/C7 Triceps reflex C7/C8 Patellar reflex L2-L4 (knee-jerk)
Stretch_reflex
Automatic, involuntary response to a stimulus
digitorum reflex (C6, C7) Triceps reflex (C6, C7, C8) Patellar reflex or knee-jerk reflex (L2, L3, L4) Ankle jerk reflex (Achilles reflex) (S1, S2) While
Reflex
Tendon in the human knee
methods. The insertion of the patellar tendon on the tibia is the location of Osgood–Schlatter disease. Patellar reflex Patellar tendinitis Sagittal section
Patellar_tendon
Medical instrument used by practitioners to test deep tendon reflexes
A reflex hammer is a medical instrument used by practitioners to test deep tendon reflexes, the best known possibly being the patellar reflex. Testing
Reflex_hammer
Kneecap, bone covering knee joint
dish. Knee pain Lateral release Lateral retinaculum Osteoarthritis Patellar reflex Platzer, Werner (2004). Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Vol. 1: Locomotor
Patella
Reflexes in physiology
in this sense a common example is the standard patellar reflex or knee-jerk response. Stretch reflex tests are used to determine the integrity of the
Tendon_reflex
Medical condition
of patellar reflex or knee jerk. Patellar reflex or knee jerk is a kind of deep or stretch reflex where an application of a stimulus to the patellar tendon
Westphal's_sign
Involuntary rapid nervous response in humans
combined with the Babinski reflex test. Jaw jerk reflex Knee jerk or patellar reflex — a kick caused by striking the patellar tendon with a tendon hammer
List_of_reflexes
Part of the peripheral nervous system
The singular example of a monosynaptic reflex is the patellar reflex. The next simplest reflex arc is a three-element chain, beginning with sensory neurons
Somatic_nervous_system
Action or movement due to the application of a sudden unexpected stimulus
of the startle response is a startle reflex reaction. The startle reflex is a brainstem reflectory reaction (reflex) that serves to protect vulnerable parts
Startle_response
Medical maneuver to test reflexes
patient's knee is then hit with a reflex hammer to elicit the patellar reflex. The elicited response is compared with the reflex result of the same action when
Jendrassik_maneuver
Partial loss of sensitivity to sensory stimuli
search of damage to the nerves, and various reflex tests. An example of a reflex test would be the patellar reflex test.[citation needed] Treatment of hypoesthesia
Hypoesthesia
Set of involuntary and rhythmic muscular contractions and relaxations
tension to the calf muscle. This change of tension triggers the next patellar reflex.) — Gregory Bateson, A Sacred Unity, p. 85 In the text, Bateson goes
Clonus
Clinical indicator of a medical condition
sign in which there is an absent adductor reflex in the thigh in the presence of a positive patellar reflex. It occurs in patients with an obturator hernia
Hannington-Kiff_sign
Indications of a specific illness, including psychiatric
to the central nervous system or peripheral nervous system. In the patellar reflex (knee-jerk) for example, its reduction or absence is known as Westphal's
Signs_and_symptoms
Medical condition of late-stage neurosyphilis
limb of the spindle reflex. The deep tendon reflexes are also diminished or absent; for example, the "knee jerk" or patellar reflex may be lacking (Westphal's
Tabes_dorsalis
Leg joint in primates
patellofemoral articulation, consisting of the patella, or "kneecap", and the patellar groove on the front of the femur through which it slides; and the medial
Knee
German neurologist and psychiatrist
The Organism. Rather than looking at certain phenomena, such as the patellar reflex, as singular events, Goldstein tried to understand them as components
Kurt_Goldstein
shoe - S1/2 roots for Achilles reflex (foot plantarflexion) Three four, kick the door - L3/4 roots for patellar reflex (knee extension) Five six, pick
List_of_medical_mnemonics
Metabolite of the amino acid tryptophan
pupil dilation, increased blood pressure, and increased force of the patellar reflex. Tryptamine produced side effects including nausea, vomiting, dizziness
Tryptamine
Medical condition
nerve. This may lead to weakness in extending the knee (with reduced patellar reflex) and weakness in flexing the hip. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Retroperitoneal_bleeding
Pharmaceutical compound
changes included an increases in blood pressure, in the amplitude of the patellar reflex, and in pupillary diameter. The subjective changes are not unlike those
6-Fluorotryptamine
Medical condition
and low Apgar scores) are:[citation needed] 7.0–10.0 mEq/L – Loss of patellar reflex 10.0-13.0 mEq/L – Respiratory depression 15.0-25.0 mEq/L – Altered
Hypermagnesemia
Disease caused by lack of dietary vitamin E
deficiency is areflexia, or the loss of deep tendon reflexes, like the patellar reflex. The usual progression is then to ataxic gait (which continues to progressively
Vitamin_E_deficiency
Pharmaceutical compound
changes included an increases in blood pressure, in the amplitude of the patellar reflex, and in pupillary diameter. The subjective changes are not unlike those
5-Fluorotryptamine
Hannington-Kiff general surgery obturator hernia absent thigh adductor reflex with positive patellar reflex Harrison's groove Edward Harrison internal medicine rickets
List of eponymous medical signs
List_of_eponymous_medical_signs
Turkish neurologist
Mechanical and Electrophysiological Parameters of Normal, Stiff, Rigid Patellar Reflex. Yaltkaya, who was promoted to professorship on 28 September 1979,
Korkut_Yaltkaya
Topics referred to by the same term
Westphal's sign, the clinical correlate of the absence or decrease of patellar reflex or knee jerk All pages with titles containing Westphal Westfall (disambiguation)
Westphal_(disambiguation)
Domestic cat disease
strikingly pale. The reflexes of the hindlimb (patellar reflex, tibialis cranialis reflex, and flexor reflex) are severely reduced or absent. Increased respiratory
Feline arterial thromboembolism
Feline_arterial_thromboembolism
German psychiatrist (1833–1890)
"Westphal's sign": The clinical correlate of the absence or decrease of patellar reflex or knee jerk. "Westphal's syndrome": A familial form of intermittent
Karl_Friedrich_Otto_Westphal
Pharmaceutical compound
changes included an increases in blood pressure, in the amplitude of the patellar reflex, and in pupillary diameter. The subjective changes are not unlike those
7-Methoxytryptamine
opercularis pars tensa parvicellular neurosecretory nuclei patella patellar reflex pecten pubis pectinate pectineal pectineus pectoral pectoral girdle
Index_of_anatomy_articles
French breed of dog
the UK found that French Bulldogs had a noticeably higher occurrence of patellar luxation with the French Bulldog having an odds ratio of 5.4. A French
French_Bulldog
Class of chemical compounds
changes included an increases in blood pressure, in the amplitude of the patellar reflex, and in pupillary diameter. The subjective changes are not unlike those
Substituted methoxyphenethylamine
Substituted_methoxyphenethylamine
Monosynaptic reflex A reflex arc that involves only one synapse between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron, such as the knee-jerk (patellar) reflex. Mossy
Glossary_of_neuroscience
Pharmaceutical compound
changes included an increases in blood pressure, in the amplitude of the patellar reflex, and in pupillary diameter. The subjective changes are not unlike those
4-Fluorotryptamine
Rare neurodegenerative disorder
back repeatedly, testing the Holmes rebound phenomenon, and testing patellar reflex for hypotonia or hypertonia. Common scales include the International
Spinocerebellar_ataxia_type_1
Pharmaceutical compound
changes included an increases in blood pressure, in the amplitude of the patellar reflex, and in pupillary diameter. The subjective changes are not unlike those
5-Chlorotryptamine
Pharmaceutical compound
changes included an increases in blood pressure, in the amplitude of the patellar reflex, and in pupillary diameter. The subjective changes are not unlike those
5-Methyltryptamine
Pharmaceutical compound
changes included an increases in blood pressure, in the amplitude of the patellar reflex, and in pupillary diameter. The subjective changes are not unlike those
5-Bromotryptamine
British breed of dog
England found the Bulldog to have a nearly three times greater risk of patellar luxation, with 2.9% of all Bulldogs having the condition. It is the dog
Bulldog
Pharmaceutical compound
changes included an increases in blood pressure, in the amplitude of the patellar reflex, and in pupillary diameter. The subjective changes are not unlike those
7-Methyltryptamine
German physician (1727–1799)
the afferent reflex would be the traditional Patellar Reflex, which is also called the knee jerk reflex. An example of the efferent reflex may be the sucking
Johann_August_Unzer
Pharmaceutical compound
changes included an increases in blood pressure, in the amplitude of the patellar reflex, and in pupillary diameter. The subjective changes are not unlike those
6-Methyltryptamine
American psychologist
dimensions", Journal of Experimental Psychology, 44, 229-237 Harold H. Schlosberg links His Ph.D dissertation A Study of the Conditioned Patellar Reflex v t e
Harold_H._Schlosberg
patellar tendon reflex, and devised an apparatus that delivered a light tap below the knees of his research subjects in order to elicit this reflex.
Edwin_B._Twitmyer
Polish neurologist (1868–1932)
he provided criticism of the Bastian–Bruns sign of disappearance Patellar reflex as a result of this treatment (1896). Together with his friend Louis
Edward_Flatau
Medical evaluation of the knee
anterior structures are assessed. Inflammation of the patellar tendon is present if the patellar tendon is painful upon palpation. Radiographic imaging
Knee_examination
Method of terrestrial locomotion allowing rapid movement on foot
development of patellofemoral pain syndrome, iliotibial band syndrome, patellar tendinopathy, plica syndrome, and medial tibial stress syndrome. Change
Running
Activation of tension-generating sites in muscle
or injured tendons. Achilles tendinitis and patellar tendonitis (also known as jumper's knee or patellar tendonosis) have been shown to benefit from high-load
Muscle_contraction
Connective tissue between bones
anterior cruciate ligament Caudal cruciate ligament — quadruped equivalent of posterior cruciate ligament Oblique popliteal ligament Patellar ligament
Ligament
"General Patellar Luxation Information". Orthopedic Foundation for Animals. 2006. Archived from the original on 2006-10-08. Retrieved 2006-12-09. "Patellar luxation"
List_of_dog_diseases
pasture, repast, repasture pateō pat- patu- – be open patefaction, patella, patellar, patelliform, patency, patent patior pat- pass- – endure compassion, compassionate
List of Latin verbs with English derivatives
List_of_Latin_verbs_with_English_derivatives
Birmingham City F.C. 2003–04 football season
with a free kick. He was himself substituted at half-time because of a patellar tendon torn before he took the free kick, and he never played again. Cristiano
2003–04 Birmingham City F.C. season
2003–04_Birmingham_City_F.C._season
PATELLAR REFLEX
PATELLAR REFLEX
Surname or Lastname
English
English : according to Reaney this is a nickname from an unattested Old English word cybbe meaning ‘clumsy’ or ‘thickset’. Reaney’s speculation is apparently based on taking the Middle English word kibble ‘cudgel’ as a diminutive of an unattested Old English word. Corresponding personal names have been postulated for the place names Kibworth (‘enclosure of a man called Cybba’) and Kibblesworth (‘enclosure of a man called Cybbel’); so, in theory, the surname could be a reflex of these Old English personal names.North German : nickname for a cantankerous person, from Middle Low German, Middle High German kiven ‘to quarrel’.
Girl/Female
American, Australian, Christian, Greek, Latin
Made of Honey; Honey; All Sweetness
Surname or Lastname
English, French, and German
English, French, and German : from the vernacular form of the Hebrew personal name Yehuda ‘Judah’ (of unknown meaning). In the Bible, this is the name of Jacob’s eldest son. It was not a popular name among Christians in medieval Europe, because of the associations it had with Judas Iscariot, the disciple who betrayed Christ for thirty pieces of silver. Among Jews, however, the Hebrew name and its reflexes in various Jewish languages (such as Yiddish Yude) have been popular for generations, and have given rise to many Jewish surnames.French : name for a Jew, Old French jude (Latin Iudaeus, Greek Ioudaios, from Hebrew Yehudi ‘member of the tribe of Judah’).English : from a pet form of Jordan.
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Pamela, PAMELLA means "all honey."
Boy/Male
British, English
Mantle
Surname or Lastname
English, German, French, Jewish (Ashkenazic), Lithuanian, Czech and Slovak (Jonáš), and Hungarian (Jónás)
English, German, French, Jewish (Ashkenazic), Lithuanian, Czech and Slovak (Jonáš), and Hungarian (Jónás) : from a medieval personal name, which comes from the Hebrew male personal name Yona, meaning ‘dove’. In the book of the Bible which bears his name, Jonah was appointed by God to preach repentance to the city of Nineveh, but tried to flee instead to Tarshish. On the voyage to Tarshish, a great storm blew up, and Jonah was thrown overboard by his shipmates to appease God’s wrath, swallowed by a great fish, and delivered by it on the shores of Nineveh. This story exercised a powerful hold on the popular imagination in medieval Europe, and the personal name was a relatively common choice. The Hebrew name and its reflexes in other languages (for example Yiddish Yoyne) have been popular Jewish personal names for generations. There are also saints, martyrs, and bishops called Jonas venerated in the Orthodox Church. Ionas is found as a Greek family name.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : respelling of Yonis, with Yiddish possessive -s.
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Stellar; Belonging to Stars
Girl/Female
Latin
From Atella.
Girl/Female
Latin American
Made of honey.
Surname or Lastname
English (Cornwall and Devon)
English (Cornwall and Devon) : unexplained.Possibly a reflex of French Drouin.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the male personal name Manasseh, Hebrew Menashe ‘one who causes to forget’ (see Manasse), borne in the Middle Ages by Christians as well as by Jews. Hebrew Menashe and its reflexes in other Jewish languages have always been popular among Jews.English : occupational name for someone who made handles for agricultural and domestic implements, from an agent derivative of Anglo-Norman French mance ‘handle’ (Old French manche, Late Latin manicus, a derivative of manus ‘hand’).
PATELLAR REFLEX
PATELLAR REFLEX
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Japanese, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sindhi, Telugu
Maiden
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Frederick.
Girl/Female
English
Modern name based on Jane or Jean; Based on Janai meaning 'God has answered. '.
Girl/Female
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Who Lives in Mind
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Telugu
Flower of Pleasant Fragrance
Girl/Female
Hindu
One who has a beautiful body, A good friend, Soul mate
Boy/Male
Christian & English(British/American/Australian)
Prosperous Ruler
Boy/Male
Gaelic
Victorious.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Boy/Male
Native American
Slippery.
PATELLAR REFLEX
PATELLAR REFLEX
PATELLAR REFLEX
PATELLAR REFLEX
PATELLAR REFLEX
n.
The kneepan; the cap of the knee.
n.
A small dish, pan, or vase.
n.
A genus of marine gastropods, including many species of limpets. The shell has the form of a flattened cone. The common European limpet (Patella vulgata) is largely used for food.
a.
Like spar; foliated or lamellar; spathose.
a.
Having lamellar gills; belonging to the Lamellibranchia.
a.
Full of stars; starry; as, stellar regions.
n.
The patella, or kneepan.
n.
Same as Patela.
a.
Of or pertaining to Atella, in ancient Italy; as, Atellan plays; farcical; ribald.
a.
Resembling a limpet of the genus Patella.
a.
Thin and flat; scalelike; lamellar.
a.
Of or pertaining to the patella, or kneepan.
a.
Having the form of a patella.
a.
Flat and thin; lamelliform; composed of lamellae.
n.
A small shellfish; the limpet or patella.
n.
The patella, or kneepan.
n.
A dish or plate of metal or earthenware; a patella.
n.
A farcical drama performed at Atella.
pl.
of Patella
n.
A kind of apothecium in lichens, which is orbicular, flat, and sessile, and has a special rim not a part of the thallus.