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Functional units in same network layer
In computer networking, a peer group is a group of functional units in the same layer (see e.g. OSI model) of a network, by analogy with peer group. Peer-to-peer
Peer group (computer networking)
Peer_group_(computer_networking)
Type of decentralized and distributed network architecture
Peer-to-peer (P2P) computing or networking is a distributed computing or networking architecture in which participants share part of their own resources
Peer-to-peer
Peer-to-peer computer network
work groups Peer Name Resolution Protocol (PNRP) - IPv6-based dynamic name publication and resolution "What Is a Workgroup in Computer Networking?". compnetworking
Workgroup (computer networking)
Workgroup_(computer_networking)
Topics referred to by the same term
peerage Peer, one of several functional units in the same layer of a network; See Peer group (computer networking) Peer (networking), a computer system
Peer
Network that allows computers to share resources and communicate with each other
as facilitated by networking hardware. Within a computer network, hosts are identified by network addresses, which allow networking hardware to locate
Computer_network
Internet ecosystem layer that addresses bottlenecks
scalability of swarming peer-to-peer content delivery" (PDF). In Boutaba, Raouf; et al. (eds.). NETWORKING 2005 -- Networking Technologies, Services,
Content_delivery_network
Topics referred to by the same term
Workgroup (computer networking), a peer-to-peer computer network Working group, a group of people working together toward a common goal Work Group, American
Workgroup
Type of computer network
(2016). "Empowering networking research and experimentation through Software-Defined Networking". Journal of Network and Computer Applications. 70: 140–155
Home_network
Data distribution using P2P networking technology
Peer-to-peer file sharing is the distribution and sharing of digital media using peer-to-peer (P2P) networking technology. P2P file sharing allows users
Peer-to-peer_file_sharing
Concept in computing
or process of computer peer-to-peer communication that is based on the way epidemics spread. Some distributed systems use peer-to-peer gossip to ensure
Gossip_protocol
Top level network on the internet
(also known as settlement-free peering). In other words, tier 1 networks can exchange traffic with other Tier 1 networks without paying any fees for the
Tier_1_network
Networking protocol for clock synchronization
The Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a networking protocol for clock synchronization between computer systems over packet-switched, variable-latency data
Network_Time_Protocol
Influencing peers to conform
Peer pressure is a direct or indirect influence on peers, i.e., members of social groups with similar interests and experiences, or social statuses. Members
Peer_pressure
Computer providing a central resource or service
server is a computer or software system that provides data, resources, or services to other computers called "clients" on a computer network. This architecture
Server_(computing)
Computer networking technique
In computer networking, multicast is a type of group communication where data transmission is addressed to a group of destination computers simultaneously
Multicast
Technique in computer networking
technique used in computer networking to find ways for two computers to talk to each other as directly as possible in peer-to-peer networking. This is most
Interactive Connectivity Establishment
Interactive_Connectivity_Establishment
Chronology of events in the history of the Internet
about human-computer interaction and networking; becomes the director of Project MAC work on time-sharing. 1960–1964: Distributed networking concepts for
Timeline of the history of the Internet
Timeline_of_the_history_of_the_Internet
Voluntary interconnection of administratively separate Internet networks
In computer networking, peering is a voluntary interconnection of administratively separate Internet networks for the purpose of exchanging traffic between
Peering
Global system of connected computer networks
interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. It is a network of networks that comprises
Internet
Radio nodes organized in a mesh topology
Bluetooth mesh networking Comparison of wireless data standards IEEE 802.11s Mesh networking Mobile ad hoc network Optical mesh network Peer-to-peer Roofnet
Wireless_mesh_network
Computer network that links devices using wireless communication within a limited area
(WLAN) is a wireless computer network that links two or more devices using wireless communication to form a local area network (LAN) within a limited
Wireless_LAN
Analysis of social structures using network and graph theory
SNP include but are not limited to: participation in Social Networking activities, group memberships, leadership roles, recognition, publication/editing/contributing
Social_network_analysis
Professional society of the IEEE
and books. The IEEE Computer Society is a leading publisher of technical material in computing. Its publications include 12 peer-reviewed technical magazines
IEEE_Computer_Society
Publishing or transfer of photos online
applications whose sole function is sharing images, generally using peer-to-peer networking. Basic image sharing functionality can be found in applications
Image_sharing
Managed services provider
Cogeco Peer 1, is a provider of services for data centers and cloud computing. The company is headquartered in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Peer 1 Network Enterprises
Aptum_Technologies
Large peer-to-peer network by Nullsoft
a peer-to-peer network protocol. Founded in 2000, it was the first decentralized peer-to-peer network of its kind, leading to other, later networks adopting
Gnutella
Initiative to assist patent offices
patent examination "Peer To Patent: government using social networking" Press release, "June 15 is Last Day to Submit Applications for Peer Review Pilot" "First
Peer-to-Patent
Peer-to-peer networks Can use the latency-predicting properties of NC systems to do a wide variety of routing optimizations in peer-to-peer networks.
Network_Coordinate_System
Flow of data across the Internet
traffic, for instance, port (computer networking) number, payload, heuristic, or statistical machine learning. Accurate network traffic classification is
Internet_traffic
Computer resource made available from one host to other hosts on a computer network
Workgroup or peer-to-peer network topology, since the same computer may be used as client as well as server. In large enterprise networks, a centralized
Shared_resource
Subgroup of the Association for Computing Machinery
the field of computer networking and data communication. The SIGCOMM Networking Systems Award recognizes the development of a networking system that has
SIGCOMM
Technologies for automatic network connection configuration
Zero-configuration networking (zeroconf) is a set of technologies that automatically creates a usable computer network based on the Internet Protocol
Zero-configuration_networking
Type of computer network
have servers and clients, and hence represents the peer-to-peer (or client-to-client) networking paradigm, rather than the centralized architecture constituted
Windows_domain
Secure network protocol suite
secure network protocol suite that authenticates and encrypts packets of data to provide secure encrypted communication between two computers over an
IPsec
Educational practice of interaction among students
takes place in a formal or informal learning context, in small groups or online, peer learning manifests aspects of self-organization that are mostly
Peer_learning
Increasing value with increasing participation
social networking websites; the more people register on a social networking website, the more effect it has on its registrants. Google uses the network effect
Network_effect
a technical executive position in the computer industry. In the business networking context, a chief networking officer manages the social capital of
Chief_networking_officer
Online platform used to build relations
networking service or social networking site, abbreviated as SNS, is a type of online social media platform which people use to build social networks
Social_networking_service
BitTorrent communications protocol
Peer exchange, or PEX, is a communications protocol that augments the BitTorrent file sharing protocol. It allows a group of users (or peers) that are
Peer_exchange
Academic journal
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering communication networks. It is published by the IEEE Communications
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking
IEEE/ACM_Transactions_on_Networking
and imagining of what computers could do. ~ Items marked with a tilde are circa dates. Biography portal Lists portal Computer Pioneer Award IEEE John
List of pioneers in computer science
List_of_pioneers_in_computer_science
Concept in sociology
organization based on networking, that is on the diffusion of networking in all realms of activity on the basis of digital communication networks. The concepts
Network_society
Reference model for network communication
the emergence of the diverse computer networking methods that were competing for application in the large national networking efforts in the world (see OSI
OSI_model
Distribution of jobs across different computers
needed] Based on a "grid model" a peer-to-peer system, or P2P system, is a collection of applications run on several computers, which connect remotely to each
Decentralized_computing
its members' learning needs by facilitating peer-to-peer learning. Through social networking and computer-mediated communication, or the use of datagogies
Online_learning_community
Network of private resources in an organization
An intranet is a computer network for sharing information, easier communication, collaboration tools, operational systems, and other computing services
Intranet
Device that forwards data packets between computer networks
A router is a computer and networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks, including internetworks such as the global Internet
Router_(computing)
Evaluation by peers with similar expertise
Peer review is the evaluation of work by one or more people with similar competencies as the producers of the work (peers). It functions as a form of
Peer_review
System for exchanging messages between computing systems
1992). "Layering considered harmful". IEEE Network: 20–24. Kurose, James; Ross, Keith (2005). Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach. Pearson. Lascano,
Communication_protocol
Peer-to-peer Internet platform for censorship-resistant communication
Hyphanet (until mid-2023: Freenet) is a peer-to-peer platform for censorship-resistant, anonymous communication. It uses a decentralized distributed data
Hyphanet
Spanish computer scientist
roˈðɾiɣeθ]) is a Spanish computer scientist and researcher, who is best known for his research in the mid-2000s on peer-to-peer file sharing and user-generated
Pablo Rodriguez (computer scientist)
Pablo_Rodriguez_(computer_scientist)
Software company based in California
ZeroTier, Inc. is a networking software and cybersecurity company with a freemium business model based in San Francisco, California. ZeroTier provides
ZeroTier
Highest layer in network protocol models
transfer channels and manage the data exchange in a client–server or peer-to-peer networking model. Though the TCP/IP application layer does not describe specific
Application_layer
Classification system for research on computer networks
The network and service management taxonomy serves as a classification system for research on the management of computer networks and the services provided
Network and service management taxonomy
Network_and_service_management_taxonomy
Source of a multiplayer video game
every programmer needs to know about game networking".[permanent dead link] "Source Multiplayer Networking". Valve Developer Community. Retrieved 13 February
Game_server
System with multiple networked computers
systems whose inter-communicating components are located on different networked computers. The components of a distributed system communicate and coordinate
Distributed_computing
Practice of distributing or providing access to digitally stored information
centralized servers on computer networks, Internet-based hyperlinked documents, and the use of distributed peer-to-peer networking. File sharing technologies
File_sharing
American computer scientist
Microsoft. He started networking research at Microsoft. He is known for his research contributions to white space radio data networks, radio signal-strength
Victor_Bahl
Type of cyber-attack
bugs in peer-to-peer servers to initiate DDoS attacks. The most aggressive of these peer-to-peer-DDoS attacks exploits the DC++ file sharing network. With
Denial-of-service_attack
Cryptocurrency
rather than siloed within closed systems. The network functions as a digital marketplace where computers (peers) share data and computational resources. The
Bittensor
Intermediary box on the data path between a source host and destination host
A middlebox is a computer networking device that transforms, inspects, filters, and manipulates traffic for purposes other than packet forwarding. Examples
Middlebox
Australian engineer
reducing multipath interference of radio signals transmitted for computer networking. This technology is a part of all recent WiFi implementations. As
John_O'Sullivan_(engineer)
American war theory about information gathering
information technology, into a competitive advantage through the computer networking of dispersed forces. It was pioneered by the United States Department
Network-centric_warfare
Peer-to-peer file sharing protocol
Wild. 10th International IFIP TC 6 Networking Conference, Valencia, Spain, May 9–13, 2011. Proceedings of the Networking 2011 Conference. Springer. p. 7
BitTorrent
to test network protocol compliance. Its products and tests allow computer devices from many different companies to communicate over networks. InterWorking
InterWorking_Labs
Online vehicle for hire service
known as casual carpooling Illegal taxi operation Mobility as a service Peer-to-peer carsharing, where customers drive themselves in cars rented from individual
Ridesharing_company
2008 computer worm
compromised computers to build a peer-to-peer botnet. A compromised computer contacts other compromised computers to receive commands in a peer-to-peer fashion
Koobface
Set of computers configured in a distributed computing system
computer cluster is a group of autonomous computers that work together so that they can be viewed as a single system. Unlike grid computers, computer
Computer_cluster
Distributed file system protocol
although the default networking protocol in macOS is Server Message Block (SMB)) AmigaOS ArcaOS Haiku IBM i, although the default networking protocol is OS/400
Network_File_System
Decentralized type of wireless network
destroying the network. Apple's iPhone with iOS version 7.0 and higher is capable of multi-peer ad hoc mesh networking. Mesh networks take their name
Wireless_ad_hoc_network
Wireless ad hoc network that uses smartphones
ad hoc networks (SPANs; also smart phone ad hoc networks) are wireless ad hoc networks that use smartphones. Once embedded with ad hoc networking technology
Smartphone_ad_hoc_network
Discontinued network operating system
3Com, resulting in improved networking capabilities and compatibility. It enabled Microsoft to strengthen its networking offerings, making it a more competitive
Banyan_VINES
Network link aggregation technology
multi-link trunking (SMLT) is a Layer-2 link aggregation technology in computer networking originally developed by Nortel as an enhancement to standard multi-link
Multi-link_trunking
Framework for communication protocols used in IP networking
framework for general networking systems. The Internet protocol suite has its roots in research and development into computer networks sponsored by the Defense
Internet_protocol_suite
Method of producing value
Commons-based peer production (CBPP) is a term coined by Harvard Law School professor Yochai Benkler. It describes a model of socio-economic production
Commons-based_peer_production
Chinese computer scientist
International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (ACM MobiCom) awards the best paper award to Liu's group for their paper Tagoram: Real-Time Tracking
Yunhao_Liu
Collection of compromised internet-connected devices controlled by a third party
other existing benign infrastructure such as IRC or Tor, using peer-to-peer networking systems that are not dependent on any fixed servers, and using
Botnet
Collaborative computer networks
community networks or wireless community projects or simply community networks, are decentralized, self-managed and collaborative computer networks organized
Wireless_community_network
2011 computer trojan
GameOver ZeuS (GOZ), also known as peer-to-peer (P2P) ZeuS, ZeuS3, and GoZeus, is a Trojan horse developed by Russian cybercriminal Evgeniy Bogachev. Created
Gameover_ZeuS
Using multiple network connections in parallel to increase capacity and reliability
In computer networking, link aggregation is the combining (aggregating) of multiple network connections in parallel by any of several methods. Link aggregation
Link_aggregation
Extension of a private network across a public one
communication protocols, as facilitated by networking hardware. Within a computer network, computers are identified by network addresses, which allow rule-based
Virtual_private_network
Computer network that restrics participation to trusted peers
friends to form a decentralized network. Private peer-to-peer systems can be divided into friend-to-friend (F2F) and group-based systems. Friend-to-friend
Private_P2P
Airborne Networking Architecture HQ ESC/NII for the USAF Airborne Network Special Interest Group AN Architecture, 2004 Airborne Networking Kenneth Stranc
Airborne_Networking
Networking API and protocol
allowing applications on separate computers to communicate over a local area network. NetBIOS is not a networking protocol; NetBIOS API request and responses
NetBIOS
1983 after the DoD made it standard for all military computer networking. This resulted in a networking model that became known informally as TCP/IP. It was
History_of_the_Internet
American computer scientist
Argentinian-American computer scientist specializing in distributed systems and computer networking. He is currently a professor of computer science at Northwestern
Fabián_E._Bustamante
File-sharing software
i2hub was a peer-to-peer file sharing service and program designed and intended primarily for use by university and college students. The program was created
I2hub
Device that allows wireless devices to connect to a wired network
In computer networking, a wireless access point (WAP), also called just access point (AP), is a networking device that allows other Wi-Fi devices to connect
Wireless_access_point
Moroccan computer science institution
Polytechnic (UM6P). It provides training in computer science and computer programming through a project-based and peer-to-peer learning model inspired by the French
1337_Coding_School
(group of 8 bits) CA—Certificate authority CA—Computer Associates International, Inc. CaaS—Content as a service CAD—Computer-aided design CAE—Computer-aided
List of computing and IT abbreviations
List_of_computing_and_IT_abbreviations
Wi-Fi standard for peer-to-peer wireless connections
need for ad hoc networking much more important. Even without a central Wi-Fi hub or router, it would be useful for a laptop computer to be able to wirelessly
Wi-Fi_Direct
Set of human contacts known to an individual
identify mentors, use social contacts, and build peer and authority networks. The push for networking drew on ideas and relationships from the era's feminist
Personal_network
detection of security events on a computer or computer network, and the execution of proper responses to those events. Computer security incident management
Computer security incident management
Computer_security_incident_management
Polish media player
unfinished files, such as files that are still downloading via a peer-to-peer (P2P) network. ALLPlayer was built using the Delphi programming language. "Powerful
ALLPlayer
Computer communications protocol
APPC-formatted traffic over IP networks. APPC should not be confused with the similarly named APPN (Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking). APPC manages communication
IBM Advanced Program-to-Program Communication
IBM_Advanced_Program-to-Program_Communication
Networking features introduced in Windows Vista
Computer Names (WICN) peer networking feature allows an IPv6-connected machine to obtain a custom or unique domain name. If the computer is connected to the
Windows Vista networking technologies
Windows_Vista_networking_technologies
Worldwide computer-based distributed discussion system
Usenet (/ˈjuːznɛt/), short for User's Network, is a worldwide distributed discussion system available on computers. It was developed from the general-purpose
Usenet
American computer networking company
Akamai delivers certain content from other end-users' computers, in the form of peer-to-peer networking. On October 9, 2013, Akamai announced its Open Initiative
Akamai_Technologies
Media distribution company in New York
Founded in 2004 in New York City, Pando Networks was a managed peer-to-peer (P2P) media distribution company backed by Intel Capital, BRM Capital and
Pando_Networks
Protocol for transferring short messages
Short Message Peer-to-Peer (SMPP) in the telecommunications industry is an open, industry standard protocol designed to provide a flexible data communication
Short_Message_Peer-to-Peer
PEER GROUP-COMPUTER-NETWORKING
PEER GROUP-COMPUTER-NETWORKING
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Pear.Dutch and North German : from a reduced form of the personal name Peter.
Boy/Male
Australian, Danish, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Scandinavian, Swedish
Stone; A Rock; Form of Peter; Rock
Boy/Male
Australian, Welsh
Rock; Stone; Welsh Form of Peter
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Geary 3.North German : from a personal name derived from gÄ“r, gÄr ‘spear’ (see Geary 2).Dutch : reduced form of van den Geer, a topographic name from geer ‘headland’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for a dealer in coarse meal, Old English grūt, Old Norse grautr ‘porridge’.
Male
Welsh
Welsh form of Greek Petros, PEDR means "rock, stone."
Boy/Male
Australian, Danish, Dutch, French, German, Scandinavian, Swedish
A Rock; Form of Peter; Stone
Male
English
Variant spelling of English Piers, PEERS means "rock, stone."
Boy/Male
Tamil
Computer
Surname or Lastname
English, Scottish, German, Dutch, etc.
English, Scottish, German, Dutch, etc. : from the personal name Peter (Greek Petros, from petra ‘rock’, ‘stone’). The name was popular throughout Christian Europe in the Middle Ages, having been bestowed by Christ as a byname on the apostle Simon bar Jonah, the brother of Andrew. The name was chosen by Christ for its symbolic significance (John 1:42, Matt. 16:18); St. Peter is regarded as the founding head of the Christian Church in view of Christ’s saying, ‘Thou art Peter and upon this rock I will build my Church’. In Christian Germany in the early Middle Ages this was the most frequent personal name of non-Germanic origin until the 14th century. This surname has also absorbed many cognates in other languages, for example Czech Petr, Hungarian Péter. It has also been adopted as a surname by Ashkenazic Jews.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Computer
Male
Swedish
Swedish pet form of Greek Petros, PEHR means "rock, stone."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Dear.Scottish : habitational name from (Old and New) Deer in Aberdeenshire.Hungarian : variant of Dér, from the secular personal name.
Male
Scandinavian
Scandinavian form of Latin Petrus, PER means "rock, stone."
Boy/Male
German Scandinavian Muslim
A rock. Form of Peter.
Surname or Lastname
Southern French (Péré)
Southern French (Péré) : topographic name from a variant of périer ‘pear tree’.Catalan : from the personal name Pere, Catalan equivalent of Peter.English : variant of Pear 1.Hungarian : from the old secular personal name Pere, Pöre.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Pearce.North German : patronymic from Peer.
Surname or Lastname
Scottish
Scottish : habitational name from a place in the parish of Gamrie, near Banff. The place is situated on a headland affording some sheltered anchorage, and is said to get its name from Middle English true hope; however, when first recorded in 1296 it already appears as Trup, so it is more likely to be of the same origin as Thorpe.English : variant of Throop.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English pe(e)re ‘pear’ (Old English pere, peru, from Latin pirum), a metonymic occupational name for a grower or seller of pears, or a topographic name for someone who lived by a pear tree or pear orchard.English : nickname from Middle English pere ‘peer’, ‘companion’ (Old French pe(e)r, from Latin par ‘equal’).Jewish : Americanization of some like-sounding Ashkenazic surname; e.g. possibly a shortened form of a surname such as Pearl, Pearlman, or Pearlstein.
Male
Norwegian
Danish and Norwegian form of Greek Petros, PEDER means "rock, stone."
PEER GROUP-COMPUTER-NETWORKING
PEER GROUP-COMPUTER-NETWORKING
Boy/Male
English
Warring friend.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Pious
Girl/Female
American, British, English, French, German, Hebrew
Darling; Beloved; Dear; Little and Womanly; A Man; The Plains
Boy/Male
Tamil
Beautiful
Boy/Male
Muslim
The one who praise
Male
Arthurian
, a knight of the Round Table.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Oriya, Telugu
Full of Light
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Intelligent
Boy/Male
Muslim
Miracle, Wondrous nature
Boy/Male
Indian
Grades
PEER GROUP-COMPUTER-NETWORKING
PEER GROUP-COMPUTER-NETWORKING
PEER GROUP-COMPUTER-NETWORKING
PEER GROUP-COMPUTER-NETWORKING
PEER GROUP-COMPUTER-NETWORKING
v. t.
To exchange; to put or substitute something else in place of, as a smaller penalty, obligation, or payment, for a greater, or a single thing for an aggregate; hence, to lessen; to diminish; as, to commute a sentence of death to one of imprisonment for life; to commute tithes; to commute charges for fares.
v. i.
To look cautiously or slyly; to peer, as through a crevice; to pry.
n.
One who computes.
n.
An assemblage of objects in a certain order or relation, or having some resemblance or common characteristic; as, groups of strata.
n.
A nobleman; a member of one of the five degrees of the British nobility, namely, duke, marquis, earl, viscount, baron; as, a peer of the realm.
n.
A composer or compiler of hymns; one versed in hymnology.
n.
A cluster, crowd, or throng; an assemblage, either of persons or things, collected without any regular form or arrangement; as, a group of men or of trees; a group of isles.
n.
One who commutes; especially, one who commutes in traveling.
n.
Formerly, a kind of beer or ale.
v. i.
To look narrowly or curiously or intently; to peep; as, the peering day.
imp. & p. p.
of Compete
n.
A computer.
v. i.
To peep; to glance obliquely; to leer.
n.
A peer.
imp. & p. p.
of Commute
a.
Wanting sense or seriousness; trifling; trivolous; as, leer words.
v. t.
To entice with a leer, or leers; as, to leer a man to ruin.
imp. & p. p.
of Compute
n.
To form a group of; to arrange or combine in a group or in groups, often with reference to mutual relation and the best effect; to form an assemblage of.
n.
The skin or rind; as, the peel of an orange.