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Surface which converts light into electrons via the photoelectric effect
A photocathode is a surface engineered to convert light (photons) into electrons using the photoelectric effect. Photocathodes are important in accelerator
Photocathode
Fast, high sensitivity, low noise electronic photon detector
other vacuum tubes), containing a photocathode, several dynodes, and an anode. Incident photons strike the photocathode material, which is usually a thin
Photomultiplier_tube
Vacuum tube device for increasing the intensity of available light
source enter an objective lens which focuses an image into a photocathode. The photocathode releases electrons via the photoelectric effect as the incoming
Image_intensifier
Device that lets the user see in levels of visible light approaching total darkness
illuminate targets. Their image-intensifier tubes used an anode and an S-1 photocathode, made primarily of silver, cesium, and oxygen, the image was inverted
Night-vision_device
Chemical element with atomic number 52 (Te)
photocathodes used in solar blind photomultiplier tubes and for high brightness photoinjectors driving modern particle accelerators. The photocathode
Tellurium
Electrical component producing a narrow electron beam
electric field generation (DC or RF), by emission mechanism (thermionic, photocathode, cold emission, plasmas source), by focusing (pure electrostatic or with
Electron_gun
Sensors of light or other electromagnetic energy
(PMTs): PMTs are vacuum tube-based photodetectors. They consist of a photocathode that emits electrons when illuminated, followed by a series of dynodes
Photodetector
Emission of electrons when electromagnetic radiation hits a material
range. These are extremely light-sensitive vacuum tubes with a coated photocathode inside the envelope. The photo cathode contains combinations of materials
Photoelectric_effect
Device that converts x-rays into visible light with greater contrast
absorbency/scatter input window, typically aluminum, input fluorescent screen, photocathode, electron optics, output fluorescent screen and output window. These
X-ray_image_intensifier
Ability to see in low light conditions
strikes the photocathode and on a wavelength the human eye can see. This is much like a CRT television, but instead of color guns the photocathode does the
Night_vision
Digital imaging circuit
between the photocathode and the MCP is reversed, the emitted photoelectrons are not accelerated towards the MCP but return to the photocathode. Thus, no
Charge-coupled_device
Type of thin-film solar cell
photocurrent result from electron injection by the sensitized dye. Photocathodes (p-DSCs) operate in an inverse mode compared to the conventional n-DSC
Dye-sensitized_solar_cell
Source for electron beams which works via the photoelectric effect
research, as well as material characterization. A photoinjector comprises a photocathode, electron gun (AC or DC), power supplies, driving laser system, timing
Photoinjector
Device used in television cameras
dissector is a camera tube that creates an "electron image" of a scene from photocathode emissions (electrons) which pass through a scanning aperture to an anode
Video_camera_tube
Type of digital image sensor
the photocathode layer by flipping the silicon wafer during manufacturing and then thinning its reverse side so that light can strike the photocathode layer
Back-illuminated_sensor
Elementary particle with negative charge
television sets. In a photomultiplier tube, every photon striking the photocathode initiates an avalanche of electrons that produces a detectable current
Electron
Such an arrangement is able to amplify the tiny current emitted by the photocathode, typically by a factor of one million. The electrons emitted from the
Dynode
Indian-American physicist
expertise involves instrumentation for high-energy physics, including photocathodes and photoinjectors, devices for turning laser pulses into high-intensity
Triveni_Rao
When a particle's interactions with a material cause it to emit new particles
In a photomultiplier tube, one or more electrons are emitted from a photocathode and accelerated towards a polished metal electrode (called a dynode)
Secondary_emission
Medical intervention
traversed by the X-ray beam. Transmitted intensities now fall on the photocathode stimulating it to produce electrons in quantities external to the light
Photofluorography
Photoelectric effect-derived light detector
fields operating in a vacuum to focus the electrons released from a photocathode by incoming light onto a collection of silicon diodes. It is a photon-counting
Digicon
Instrument for measuring ionizing radiation
energy deposited by the ionizing particle. These can be directed to the photocathode of a photomultiplier tube which emits at most one electron for each arriving
Scintillation_counter
Form of electromagnetic radiation
instabilities. Ultraviolet can be detected by suitable photodiodes and photocathodes, which can be tailored to be sensitive to different parts of the UV
Ultraviolet
Extremely sensitive solid-state photodetector
near-infrared, silicon enables much higher quantum efficiency than available PMT photocathode materials. Dynamic range can be orders of magnitude larger than a PMT
Silicon_photomultiplier
Device that controls current between electrodes
principle of secondary emission, whereby a single electron emitted by the photocathode strikes a special sort of anode known as a dynode causing more electrons
Vacuum_tube
Stream of charged, or less frequently neutral particles
This is also part of traditional television and computer screens. Photocathodes may also be built in as a part of an electron gun, using the photoelectric
Particle_beam
Production of light due to absorption of high-energy photons or particles
an X-ray image intensifier tube found in fluoroscopy equipment. Caesium iodide photocathodes are highly efficient at extreme ultraviolet wavelengths.
Scintillation_(physics)
Chemical compound
image intensifier tube found in fluoroscopy equipment. Caesium iodide photocathodes are highly efficient at extreme ultraviolet wavelengths. Bulk caesium
Caesium_iodide
Imaging technique using radiation
caesium iodide (CsI). When hit by X-rays, phosphor material causes the photocathode adjacent to it to emit electrons. These electrons are then focused using
Radiography
Diffuse nebula in the constellation Orion
of condensations in the center of the Orion Nebula, by means of S 20 photocathodes associated with a Lallemand electronic camera". Astronomy & Astrophysics
Orion_Nebula
Chemical compound
presence of the peroxide ions. The compound is often used as a coating for photocathodes, due to its low work function. I. I. Volnov (2012). Peroxides, Superoxides
Caesium_peroxide
Light-sensitive gas-filled or vacuum tube
operate according to the photoelectric effect: Incoming photons strike a photocathode, knocking electrons out of its surface, which are attracted to an anode
Phototube
Synchrotron radiation facility at Lund University in Sweden
thermionic source with a hot cathode, and one photoelectric source with a photocathode. The thermionic source sends electrons via the 300 metres long linac
MAX_IV_Laboratory
European mission to study Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (2004–2016)
detection was done by an array of potassium bromide and caesium iodide photocathodes. The 3.1 kg (6.8 lb) instrument used 2.9 watts, with an improved version
Rosetta_(spacecraft)
Electrode where reduction takes place
also emit electrons by photoelectric emission. These are often called photocathodes and are used in phototubes used in scientific instruments and image
Cathode
Video camera tube
dissector, also called a dissector tube, is a video camera tube in which photocathode emissions create an electron image which is then swept up, down and across
Image_dissector
Space observatory
The FUV detector consists of a CsI photocathode with a MgF2 input optic, the NUV detector consists of CsTe photocathode with a fused-silica input optic and
AstroSat
Weapon guidance system utilizing the target's infrared emissions to track it
solution to the detection of IR, combining it with a layer of galena as the photocathode. Amplifying the signal emitted by the galena, the photomultiplier produced
Infrared_homing
Accelerator physics energy quantity
Due to its conservation, the emittance at the species source (e.g., photocathode for electrons) is the lower limit on attainable emittance. For a beam
Mean_transverse_energy
Production of an image when X-rays strike a fluorescent screen
screen. Instead, a caesium iodide phosphor is deposited directly on the photocathode of the intensifier tube. On a typical general-purpose system, the output
Fluoroscopy
NASA satellite of the Explorer program
transmissions, and the quantum efficiency functions of the detector photocathode materials. In order to achieve good spectral resolution, any EUV spectrometer
Extreme_Ultraviolet_Explorer
Italian mechanical engineer
hot-hole devices. Among her results are the realization of a plasmonic photocathode for CO2 reduction in aqueous solution, the clarification of the role
Giulia_Tagliabue
Sources of electricity or hydrogen via electrolysis
can be applied generally, photoanodes and photocathodes have slightly different needs. A good photocathode will have early onset of the oxygen evolution
Photoelectrochemical_cell
Laboratory in Halton, Cheshire, England
Accelerator), an electron compact linear accelerator, based around an RF photocathode gun. CLARA (Compact Linear Accelerator for Research Applications), an
Daresbury_Laboratory
Loop delay that occurs when a video camera is pointed at its own playback video monitor
where the light generated by the phosphor screen "feeds back" to the photocathode, causing the tube to oscillate, and ruining the image. This is typically
Video_feedback
Proposed linear accelerator for subatomic particles
ILC will use 2-nanosecond laser light pulses to eject electrons from a photocathode, a technique allowing for up to 80% of the electrons to be polarized;
International_Linear_Collider
applications. The PICOSEC-Micromegas uses a Cherenkov radiator and a photocathode in front of the gaseous volume and a time resolution of 24 ps is measured
MicroMegas_detector
Type of particle accelerator
accelerated. Electrons are generated by a cold cathode, a hot cathode, a photocathode, or radio frequency ion sources. Protons are generated in an ion source
Linear_particle_accelerator
p+/p-Si photocathode, the main product is formic acid with small amount of formaldehyde and methanol. However, for p-InP and p-CdTe photocathode, both carbon
Photoelectrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide
Photoelectrochemical_reduction_of_carbon_dioxide
Quantitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources
thermoluminescent dosimeter. The detectors are joined to photomultipliers; a photocathode converts the light into electrons; and then by using dynodes to generate
Gamma_spectroscopy
Laser using electron beam in vacuum as gain medium
beam of electrons is generated by a short laser pulse illuminating a photocathode located inside a microwave cavity and accelerated to almost the speed
Free-electron_laser
Instrument for measuring variation in light pulse intensity over time
resolution. Optoelectronic streak cameras work by directing the light onto a photocathode, which when hit by photons produces electrons via the photoelectric effect
Streak_camera
Scientist and educator
Carbajo has developed precision spatio-temporal shaping techniques for photocathode excitation and pump lasers (including CEP-stable and coherently combined
Sergio_Carbajo
laser photocathode RF gun powered by a 1MW CW klystron and equipped with a load-lock system for the insertion of high quantum efficiency photocathodes. This
Energy_recovery_linac
Neutrino oscillation experiment in Japan
lining of 1,879 photo-multiplier tubes (1325 17" and 554 20" PMTs). Photocathode coverage is 34%. Its second, inner layer consists of a 13 m-diameter
Kamioka Liquid Scintillator Antineutrino Detector
Kamioka_Liquid_Scintillator_Antineutrino_Detector
Amount of charge flowing through a unit cross-sectional area per unit time
studying ion channels". Ion flux in pulmonary vascular control. New York: Springer Science. p. 29. ISBN 9780387224596. "Xenon lamp photocathodes" (PDF).
Current_density
Incoherent light source
Hermann R.; Hayslett, Roy R. (November 1971). "Near-infrared sensitized photocathodes and film sensitivities for typical xenon-lamp radiation and related
Flashtube
American accelerator physicist
Harmonic Generation FEL, high brightness electron sources, and laser photocathodes. Other projects include developing electron cooling for the RHIC collider
Ilan_Ben-Zvi
Photography genre
given a high-voltage charge such that electrons coming from the input photocathode to the holes create a cascading effect, thereby amplifying the image
High-speed_photography
Material which glows when excited by ionizing radiation
The wavelength of maximum emission is at 420 nm, well matched to the photocathode sensitivity of bi‑alkali PMTs. It has a slightly shorter decay time than
Scintillator
Chemical compound, Cs2Te
PubChem. National Institutes of Health. Retrieved January 9, 2023. "Cs2Te photocathode". Argonne National Laboratory. Retrieved January 9, 2023. Optical Properties
Caesium_telluride
Chemical compound
recognized for its applications in electronics, particularly within photocathodes and photomultiplier tubes. Its capacity to release electrons upon light
Potassium_antimonide
Oxides containing less oxygen than normally expected
suboxides play a role in the Ag-O-Cs (S1) and multialkali Na-K-Sb-Cs photocathodes. The suboxide of carbon adopts an unremarkable structure. As for related
Suboxide
Military passive night vision scope
the tube to both extend the optical length of the device and the Gen3 photocathode was also mounted in some cases on a Fiber Optic plate rather than the
AN/PVS-4
Electron diffraction using very short pulses
directed toward a photocathode. If the incident laser pulse has an appropriate energy, then electrons will be ejected from the photocathode. The electrons
Ultrafast electron diffraction
Ultrafast_electron_diffraction
Chemical compound
It forms yellow-orange hexagonal crystals. Caesium oxide is used in photocathodes to detect infrared signals in devices such as image intensifiers, vacuum
Caesium_monoxide
Chemical compound
Robert; Cheng, Yi-Bing; Bach, Udo (2008). "Dye-sensitized nickel(II)oxide photocathodes for tandem solar cell applications". Nanotechnology. 19 (29) 295304
Cobalt_sulfide
Chinese optical physicist
phenomena. He also invented the Pd-Ag-O-Cs (Palladium-Silver-Oxygen-Caesium) photocathode and published more than 200 research papers. Hou won the State Science
Hou_Xun
following letter indicates the photocathode type: A – Caesium-activated antimony cathode. Used for reflective-mode photocathodes. Response range from ultraviolet
List_of_vacuum_tubes
Dust ring surrounding large stars thousands of solar radii wide
of condensations in the center of the Orion Nebula, by means of S 20 photocathodes associated with a Lallemand electronic camera". Astronomy & Astrophysics
Proplyd
Russian physicist (born 1962)
(St.Petersburg), Russia. Thesis title: "Optical study of GaAs-based photocathode structures", under the supervision of Dr. R.I. Dzhioev. 1985–1987: probation
Kirill_Kavokin
Installed on HST March 2002
ultraviolet in the wavelength range of 115–170 nm. It consists of a photocathode, a microchannel plate, and an anode array. Its spatial sampling is 0
Advanced_Camera_for_Surveys
United States determination of tariffs
ultraviolet, and infrared lamps 8540 Thermionic, cold-cathode, and photocathode tubes 8541 Diodes, transistors, semiconductor devices, LEDs, and related
Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States
Harmonized_Tariff_Schedule_of_the_United_States
Artificial process that uses sunlight energy to drive chemical synthesis
Hydrogen" Ayers, W.M. and Cannella, V. (1984) "Tandem Amorphous Silicon Photocathodes", Proc. Int'l. Conf. on Electrodynamics and Quantum Phenomena at Interfaces
Artificial_photosynthesis
American chemist
energy. He is working on the development of components for a photoanode, photocathode, and ion-conducting membrane for a system for artificial photosynthesis
Nathan_Lewis_(chemist)
Vacuum tube structure
physicist Leonid Aleksandrovitch Kubetsky proposed a device which used photocathodes combined with dynodes, or secondary electron emitters, in a single tube
Electron_multiplier
NASA satellite of the Explorer program
interference filters; and a small photomultiplier tube with an extended red photocathode. The vacuum ultraviolet imaging photometer was a spin-scan Newtonian
Dynamics_Explorer_1
Spectrometer instrument on the Juno orbiter
detector uses a micro-channel plate detector with the sensor being a CsI photocathode to detect the UV light UVS was launched aboard the Juno spacecraft on
UVS_(Juno)
Nuclear intelligence subdiscipline
de-excites by emitting photons of light. The light is focused onto the photocathode of a photomultiplier tube that triggers an electron avalanche. The electron
Nuclear_MASINT
Metamaterial that uses surface plasmons to achieve optical properties not seen in nature
overlain by even smaller gold nanoparticles that act as a plasmonic photocathode. Femtosecond laser pulses free electrons in the gold particles that jump
Plasmonic_metamaterial
Space telescope launched on December 7, 1968
collection of the Smithsonian Institution since 1973. Various filters, photocathodes, and electronics aided in collecting data in several ultraviolet light
Orbiting Astronomical Observatory 2
Orbiting_Astronomical_Observatory_2
device converts the emitted photon energy into electrical energy by a photocathode via a series of other electrodes. Another device is known as CCD Imager
Scintillation_proximity_assay
10 GHz beat frequency detected with a photoelectric tube whose SbCs₃ photocathode acted as the mixer. 1962 – Shortly after demonstrating the first He–Ne
Photomixing
American molecular engineer
Grätzel, Michael; Thimsen, Elijah (June 2011). "Highly active oxide photocathode for photoelectrochemical water reduction". Nature Materials. 10 (6):
Kevin_Sivula
Experiment deployed on the lunar surface
for different bands of UV. The camera contained a cesium iodide (CsI) photocathode and used a film cartridge which was recovered and returned to earth for
Far Ultraviolet Camera/Spectrograph
Far_Ultraviolet_Camera/Spectrograph
Type of electron microscopy
could be transferred in the UHV environment to several positions for photocathode formation, processing and observation. These electron microscopes were
Photoemission electron microscopy
Photoemission_electron_microscopy
Defunct American technology R&D company owned by CBS
Linden, B. R.; Wilder, M. P. (January 1, 1962). Characteristics of photocathodes under high light levels. New York, NY: CBS Labs. Karpinski, J. (December
CBS_Laboratories
Light measurement tool
a given detector is determined by its core materials. For example, photocathodes found in photomultiplier tubes can be manufactured from certain elements
Spectroradiometer
American physicist (1932–2024)
properties of the first such surface to be used in practical systems, the S-l photocathode, which had been discovered in 1927." Double Magnetic Resonance of Coupled
Clayton_W._Bates
Soviet scientist and inventor
received patents for the transfer of "electronic image" with conductive photocathode on dielectric (dated September 30, 1933 with priority from February 20
Semyon_Kataev
Chemical compound
sodium-ion batteries. It is also used as a light-emitting component in photocathodes. RCA Review: A Technical Journal ... Radio Corporation of America. 1967
Sodium_antimonide
Irish physicist and mathematician
were unsuccessful. Continuing his work, Minchin developed a selenium photocathode on an aluminium base which was immersed in acetone. He complained that
George_Minchin
Sri Lankan scientist
Tennakone, K.; et al. (1984). "Dye-sensitization of cuprous-thiocyanate photocathode in aqueous potassium thiocyanate". Journal of the Electrochemical Society
Kirthi_Tennakone
NASA satellite of the Explorer program
(circular, 11° full-cone). The combination of a Caesium iodide (CsI) photocathode and a Calcium fluoride (CaF2) filter produces a bandpass from 125 to
Student_Nitric_Oxide_Explorer
American chemist and educator (born 1973)
"Energy-Conversion Properties of Vapor-Liquid-Solid–Grown Silicon Wire-Array Photocathodes". Science. 327 (5962): 185–187. Bibcode:2010Sci...327..185B. doi:10
Shannon_W._Boettcher
Ultraviolet imaging spectrometer aboard New Horizons and Rosetta
Alice uses an array of potassium bromide and caesium iodide type of photocathodes. It detects in the extreme and far ultraviolet spectrum, from 700–2
Alice_(spacecraft_instrument)
Copper iron oxide mineral
stability in aqueous environments, and as such was investigated as photocathodes for photoelectrochemical reduction of CO2, solar water reduction, and
Delafossite
Optical band-pass filter used in the physical sciences
wavelengths in the near UV, the spectral region in which well-developed photocathodes possess their highest sensitivity". In a passive ALF, the input frequency
Atomic_line_filter
American physicist
characteristics of Ni–Mo-coated, radial junction, n+p-silicon microwire array photocathodes". Energy & Environmental Science. 5 (11): 9653. doi:10.1039/C2EE23192A
Emily_Warren_(scientist)
Technology for conversion of waste
"Bias-free solar hydrogen production at 19.8 mA cm−2 using perovskite photocathode and lignocellulosic biomass". Nature Communications. 13 (1): 5709. doi:10
Solar_reforming
PHOTOCATHODE
PHOTOCATHODE
PHOTOCATHODE
PHOTOCATHODE
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from Barling in Essex.
Girl/Female
Greek
Active.
Girl/Female
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Mythological, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sikh, Sindhi
Love; Peace; Affection; Harmony; Brave; Cleaver; Powerful; Name of Lord Krishna; Dark Complexioned; Name of a River
Boy/Male
Arabic
Good Omen; Prophecy
Girl/Female
Irish
Pearl.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Spring Season
Girl/Female
Muslim
Girl/Female
Tamil
Gait, Speed, Path, Obedience, Success, Power of understanding obedience
Girl/Female
Irish American Anglo Saxon English
Elfin.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Happiness
PHOTOCATHODE
PHOTOCATHODE
PHOTOCATHODE
PHOTOCATHODE
PHOTOCATHODE