Search references for PLANT INTELLIGENCE. Phrases containing PLANT INTELLIGENCE
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Proposed cognition of plants
Plant intelligence is a field of plant biology which aims to understand how plants process the information they obtain from their environment. Plant intelligence
Plant_intelligence
Ability to perceive, infer, retain or apply information
researchers have suggested that plants exhibit forms of intelligence, though this remains controversial. The word intelligence derives from the Latin nouns
Intelligence
Form of plant intelligence
Plant arithmetic is a form of plant intelligence whereby plants appear to perform arithmetic operations – a form of number sense in plants. Some such plants
Plant_arithmetic
Italian botanist
is an Italian botanist and writer, best known for his research on plant intelligence. He is professor of the Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry
Stefano_Mancuso
Italian ecologist (born 1976)
Monica Gagliano (born 1976) is an ecologist known for her research on plant intelligence. Gagliano is a Research Associate Professor in the field of evolutionary
Monica_Gagliano
Intelligence of machines
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the capability of computational systems to perform tasks typically associated with human intelligence, such as learning
Artificial_intelligence
Reproductive structure in flowering plants
known as blossoms and blooms, are the reproductive structures of flowering plants. Typically, they are structured in four circular levels around the end of
Flower
Ability of a plant to retain information
In plant biology, plant memory describes the ability of a plant to retain information from experienced stimuli and respond at a later time. For example
Plant_memory
Notion of rights to which plants may be entitled
notion that plants are capable of feeling emotions, an idea also called plant perception. The latter concept, along with plant intelligence, can be traced
Plant_rights
Species of carnivorous plant
The Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) is a carnivorous plant native to the temperate and subtropical wetlands of North Carolina and South Carolina, on
Venus_flytrap
Canadian forest ecologist (born 1960)
conservationist who is best known for her research on forest ecology and plant intelligence. Simard is a Professor in the Department of Forest and Conservation
Suzanne_Simard
Short period movement of plants
Rapid plant movement encompasses movement in plant structures occurring over a very short period, usually under one second. For example, the Venus flytrap
Rapid_plant_movement
American herbalist and writer (1952–2022)
Viral Infections. Storey Publishing. 2013. ISBN 978-1-61212-160-4. Plant Intelligence and the Imaginal Realm: Beyond the Doors of Perception into the Dreaming
Stephen_Harrod_Buhner
Natural internal process that regulates the sleep-wake cycle
an individual. Circadian rhythms have been widely observed in animals, plants, fungi and cyanobacteria and there is evidence that they evolved independently
Circadian_rhythm
English journalist and TV presenter (born 1947)
January 2011. Vulliamy, Ed (25 March 1998). "Anthrax follies; 'Planted' intelligence is a war correspondent's nightmare". The Guardian. Retrieved 14
Jon_Snow_(journalist)
Biological communication by plants
plant communities. Biology portal Ecology portal Plants portal Biosemiotics Phytosemiotics Plant defense against herbivory Plant intelligence Plant perception
Plant_communication
Model plant species in the family Brassicaceae
Arabidopsis thaliana, the thale cress, mouse-ear cress or arabidopsis, is a small plant from the mustard family (Brassicaceae), native to Eurasia and Africa. Commonly
Arabidopsis_thaliana
inspiration to pursue plant intelligence came from Barbara McClintock, who he mentions in his 2014 book Plant Behaviour and Intelligence. In the book Trewavas
Tony_Trewavas
Neuron communication by electric impulses
which include animal cells like neurons and muscle cells, as well as some plant cells. Certain endocrine cells such as pancreatic beta cells, and certain
Action_potential
Austro-Hungarian botanist, microbiologist and philosopher
Mind in Plants, a book on plant intelligence was translated by A. M Simons. The book revolted against mechanistic botany and argued that plants are like
Raoul_Heinrich_Francé
American spy thriller television series
The Agency, previously known as The Agency: Central Intelligence, is an American spy thriller television series created by Jez Butterworth and John-Henry
The_Agency_(2024_TV_series)
Biology interpreted as a sign system
the humanities and social sciences, including human–animal studies, human–plant studies and cybersemiotics. Biosemiotics is the study of meaning making
Biosemiotics
U.S. intelligence and covert action agency
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) /ˌsiː.aɪˈeɪ/ is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States tasked with
Central_Intelligence_Agency
Industrial automation and control software
Retrieved 18 September 2010. "SIMATIC WinCC Process visualization with Plant Intelligence" (PDF). Siemens. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September
WinCC
Foreign intelligence agency of Pakistan
The Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) is the foreign intelligence agency of Pakistan. It is responsible for counterintelligence, espionage and conducting
Inter-Services_Intelligence
Intuitive grasp of numbers
grammatical number of the Pirahã language – Muran language Plant arithmetic – Form of plant intelligence Subitizing – Perception of object number without counting
Number_sense
Plants interaction to environment
Phytosemiotics Plant defense against herbivory Plant evolutionary developmental biology Plant intelligence Plant tolerance to herbivory Rapid plant movement
Plant_perception_(physiology)
National intelligence agency of Israel
The Institute for Intelligence and Special Operations (Hebrew: המוסד למודיעין ולתפקידים מיוחדים, romanized: ha-Mosád le-Modiʿín u-le-Tafkidím Meyuḥadím)
Mossad
Group of vascular plants that reproduce by spores
A pteridophyte is a vascular plant with xylem and phloem that reproduces by means of spores. Because pteridophytes produce neither flowers nor seeds,
Pteridophyte
Educational model of human intelligence
The theory of multiple intelligences (MI) posits that human intelligence is not a single general ability but comprises various distinct modalities, such
Theory of multiple intelligences
Theory_of_multiple_intelligences
Radicle forms the future root
In 1880, Charles Darwin published a book about plants he had studied, The Power of Movement in Plants, where he mentions the radicle. It is hardly an
Radicle
Tolerance is the ability of plants to mitigate the negative fitness effects caused by herbivory. It is one of the general plant defense strategies against
Plant_tolerance_to_herbivory
Clandestine acquisition of confidential information
Espionage, spying, or intelligence gathering, as a subfield of the intelligence field, is the act of obtaining secret, confidential, or in some way valuable
Espionage
2012 book by Daniel Chamovitz
Plant Knows is a popular science book about sensory system of plants by Daniel Chamovitz. Originally published in 2012, the book explores how plants perceive
What_a_Plant_Knows
Class of photoreceptors in plants and animals
Greek κρυπτός χρώμα, "hidden colour") are a class of flavoproteins found in plants and animals that are sensitive to blue light. They are involved in the circadian
Cryptochrome
Data collected from publicly available sources to be used in an intelligence context
Open-source intelligence (OSINT) is the collection and analysis of data gathered from open sources (overt sources and publicly available information) to
Open-source_intelligence
Period of rapid progress in AI
An AI boom is a period of rapid growth in the field of artificial intelligence. The most recent boom happened in the 2020s before seeing increased acceleration
AI_boom
Data that is useful in detecting or predicting cyberattacks
Cyber threat intelligence (CTI) is a part of cybersecurity that focuses on collecting, analyzing, and sharing information about potential or existing cyber
Cyber_threat_intelligence
Synthetic plant
modules. Modules can be modeled on plant parts such as the root cap and communicate to form a simple swarm intelligence. This kind of system may display
Plantoid
Underground stem in which various plants asexually reproduce via budding
and dendrology, a rhizome (/ˈraɪzoʊm/ RY-zohm) is a modified subterranean plant stem that sends out roots and shoots from its nodes. Rhizomes are also called
Rhizome
Undirected movement in response to touch or vibration
thigmonasty or seismonasty is the nastic (non-directional) response of a plant or fungus to touch or vibration. Conspicuous examples of thigmonasty include
Thigmonasty
British foreign intelligence agency
The Secret Intelligence Service (SIS), commonly known as MI6 (Military Intelligence, Section 6), is the foreign intelligence service of the United Kingdom
MI6
Biological process to convert light into chemical energy
processes by which photopigment-bearing autotrophic organisms, such as most plants, algae and cyanobacteria, convert light energy — typically from sunlight
Photosynthesis
Overview of and topical guide to botany
study of how plant diseases develop and spread within populations of plants Plant intelligence/Plant neurobiology – study of how plants process information
Outline_of_botany
Branch of biosemiotics
capable of more advanced sign processing. Plant perception (physiology) Plant communication Plant intelligence Hormonal sentience Zoosemiotics International
Phytosemiotics
Emerging science
biological phenomenon — regardless of how the engineering of artificial intelligence proceeds. As such, it makes sense to approach cognition like other biological
Cognitive_biology
Communication within or between species
Cetacean intelligence Chemotropism Cognition Human–animal communication Molecular genetics Plant communication Plant perception (physiology) Plant physiology
Biocommunication_(science)
Plant biodiversity organization
International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) is an organization established to promote an understanding of plant biodiversity, facilitate international
International Association for Plant Taxonomy
International_Association_for_Plant_Taxonomy
Plant material preserved for scientific uses
A botanical specimen, also called a plant specimen, is a biological specimen of a plant (or part of a plant) used for scientific purposes. Preserved collections
Botanical_specimen
Italian scientist (1833–1905)
Charles Darwin and was one of the first to speculate on the idea of "plant intelligence". Delpino was born in Chiavari, the first child of Enrico Delpino
Federico_Delpino
Form of artificial intelligence
artificial intelligence (weak AI) is artificial intelligence that implements a limited part of the mind, or, as narrow AI, artificial narrow intelligence (ANI)
Weak_artificial_intelligence
Group intelligence that emerges from collective efforts
Collective intelligence (CI) or group intelligence (GI) is the emergent ability of groups, whether composed of humans alone, animals, or networks of humans
Collective_intelligence
Area in the theory of multiple intelligences
Spatial intelligence is an area in the theory of multiple intelligences that deals with spatial judgment and the ability to visualize with the mind's
Spatial intelligence (psychology)
Spatial_intelligence_(psychology)
Ecuadorian visual artist
been consequently inserted in the genome of plants, which are part of the installation. Considering that plants deal better with zero-gravity conditions
Oscar_Santillan
Ukrainian aircraft manufacturing company
Soviet era, the plant was known as Aircraft Production Plant 135 and the Central Intelligence Agency classified it as Kharkiv Airframe Plant 135. KhAZ was
Kharkiv State Aircraft Manufacturing Company
Kharkiv_State_Aircraft_Manufacturing_Company
Flowers on short stalks along the stem
produced as the shoot grows in height, with no predetermined growth limit. A plant that flowers on a showy raceme may have this reflected in its scientific
Raceme
Science writer and author (1932–2013)
philosopher and biologist. He proposed the "4-factor" theory of evolutionary intelligence and was active in ethology, education, evolutionary biology and philosophy
David_Stenhouse
Guide for naming cultivated plant varieties
Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP) is a guide to the rules and regulations for naming cultigens, plants whose origin or selection is primarily
International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants
International_Code_of_Nomenclature_for_Cultivated_Plants
American ornithologist and writer
naturalist and animal rights writer. Gentry authored an early work on plant intelligence. Gentry was born in Holmesburg area of Philadelphia. In 1861, he entered
Thomas_G._Gentry
Analysing secret intelligence
Intelligence analysis is the application of individual and collective cognitive methods to weigh data and test hypotheses within a secret socio-cultural
Intelligence_analysis
U.S. DoD combat support agency
The Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) is an intelligence agency and combat support agency of the United States Department of Defense (DoD) specializing
Defense_Intelligence_Agency
Concept of shared knowledge
wisdom, collective intelligence is not uniquely human and has been associated with animal and plant life. Collective intelligence is basically consensus-driven
Collective_wisdom
Russian military intelligence agency
formerly the Main Intelligence Directorate, and commonly known by its previous abbreviation GRU, is the foreign military intelligence agency of the General
GRU_(Russian_Federation)
Egyptian intelligence agency
The General Intelligence Service (Egyptian Arabic: جهاز المخابرات العامة Gihaz El Mukhabarat El ‘Amma; GIS), often referred to as the Mukhabarat (Egyptian
General Intelligence Service (Egypt)
General_Intelligence_Service_(Egypt)
Offensive measures using enemy information
(counter-intelligence) and its primary subfield, counterespionage (counter-espionage), are activities aimed at protecting an agency's intelligence program
Counterintelligence
Hybrids of orchids
are one of the three categories of plant names governed by the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants; within a grex the cultivar group
Grex_(horticulture)
Plant defense mechanism activated as required
Plants have evolved many defense mechanisms against insect herbivory in the 350 million years in which they have co-evolved. Such defenses can be broadly
Inducible plant defenses against herbivory
Inducible_plant_defenses_against_herbivory
Divine beings in Occultism
intelligences, angels, deities, plants, stones and minerals as partaking in its nature. Within this conceptual framework, the Planetary Intelligence is
Planetary_intelligence
Citing the first publishers of a botanical name
specified by the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN). In cases where a species is no longer in its original generic placement
Author_citation_(botany)
Diploid multicellular stage in the life cycle of a plant or alga
is one of the two alternating multicellular phases in the life cycles of plants and algae. It is a diploid multicellular organism which produces asexual
Sporophyte
Book by Peter Tompkins and Christopher Bird
claim to reveal unusual phenomena associated with plants, such as plant sentience and the ability of plants to communicate with other creatures, including
The_Secret_Life_of_Plants
Intelligence gathered by means of imagery
Imagery intelligence (IMINT), pronounced as either as Im-Int or I-Mint, is an intelligence gathering discipline wherein imagery is analyzed (or "exploited")
Imagery_intelligence
British botanist and surgeon (1775–1852)
was a British botanist and surgeon who was one of the first to argue for plant sentience. Tupper was born in Guernsey on 1 May 1775. He studied medicine
James_Perchard_Tupper
Director of Central Intelligence from 1981 to 1987
was the Director of Central Intelligence from 1981 to 1987. In this capacity he oversaw the entire United States Intelligence Community and personally directed
William_J._Casey
Artificial intelligence field of study
accidents, misuse, or other harmful consequences arising from artificial intelligence systems. It encompasses AI alignment (which aims to ensure AI systems
AI_safety
Science of changing the traits of plants
Plant breeding is the science of changing the traits of plants in order to produce desired characteristics. It is used to improve the quality of plant
Plant_breeding
Protuberances that extend from the lower epidermal cells of bryophytes and algae
of vascular land plants. Similar structures are formed by some fungi and sponges. Rhizoids may be unicellular or multicellular. Plants originated in aquatic
Rhizoid
Copyright law in the use of AI
the rapid advancement of deep learning-based generative artificial intelligence models raised questions about the copyright status of AI-generated works
Artificial intelligence and copyright
Artificial_intelligence_and_copyright
Original species from which domesticated plants and animals derive
Wild ancestors are the original species from which domesticated plants and animals are derived. Examples include dogs which are derived from wolves and
Wild_ancestor
American politician and military officer (born 1981)
U.S. military officer who served as the eighth director of national intelligence (DNI) from 2025 to 2026. She previously served as U.S. representative
Tulsi_Gabbard
Process of managing and organising the collection of evidence
Intelligence collection management is the process of managing and organizing the collection of intelligence from various sources. The collection department
Intelligence collection management
Intelligence_collection_management
Principal security agency of Russia
that remain administratively independent of the FSB are the Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR), the Federal Protective Service (FSO), and the Main Directorate
Federal_Security_Service
The intelligence career of Vladimir Putin, who later became President of Russia, spanned the period from 1975 to 1991 with the Committee for State Security
Intelligence career of Vladimir Putin
Intelligence_career_of_Vladimir_Putin
Sudanese complex bombed by the US in 1998
attack, the internal White House debate over whether the intelligence reports about the plant were accurate spilled into the press. Eventually, Clinton
Al-Shifa pharmaceutical factory
Al-Shifa_pharmaceutical_factory
1940 explosion of an armaments factory in Roxbury, New Jersey, US
The Hercules Powder plant disaster was an explosion at an armaments factory owned by the Hercules Powder Company in the Kenvil section of Roxbury, New
Hercules Powder plant disaster
Hercules_Powder_plant_disaster
Russian intelligence agency
The Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) is the civilian foreign intelligence agency of Russia. The SVR succeeded the First Chief Directorate of the KGB
Foreign Intelligence Service (Russia)
Foreign_Intelligence_Service_(Russia)
1994 book
The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life is a 1994 book by the psychologist Richard J. Herrnstein and the political scientist
The_Bell_Curve
Study of intelligence in birds
The difficulty of defining or measuring intelligence in non-human animals makes the question of avian intelligence resistant to scientific study. In general
Bird_intelligence
2020. "Florida Power plans two big new gas-fired power plants by 2023 | Transmission Intelligence Service". www.transmissionhub.com. 7 April 2015. Retrieved
Fort_Myers_Power_Plant
kinase Pattern recognition receptors Monoglyceride Strigolactone Plant intelligence Cell signalling Signal transduction Pathogen Associated Molecular
Common symbiosis signaling pathway
Common_symbiosis_signaling_pathway
Uranium enrichment facility in Iran
Nuclear Plant". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 3 February 2023. Retrieved 25 September 2009. "Underground Facilities: Intelligence and
Fordow Uranium Enrichment Plant
Fordow_Uranium_Enrichment_Plant
Topics referred to by the same term
antiseptic The book Brilliant Green: The Surprising History and Science of Plant Intelligence by Stefano Mancuso and Alessandra Viola (translated from the Italian
Brilliant_Green
English popular science writer
during 1885. His book The Sagacity and Morality of Plants, published in 1884 argued for plant intelligence. With failing health, Taylor found himself in financial
John_Ellor_Taylor
American philosopher
under the auspices of which he initiated in 2006 the Ontology for the Intelligence Community, subsequently STIDS, conference series. In 2009 he founded
Barry_Smith_(ontologist)
U.S. signals intelligence organization
(NSA) is an intelligence agency of the United States Department of Defense, under the authority of the director of national intelligence (DNI). The NSA
National_Security_Agency
Process of matching a specimen of an organism to a known taxon
artificial intelligence to identify plants on the basis of photographs. There are not always keys available for certain regions or plant groups, and
Determination_(biology)
Industrial artificial intelligence, or industrial AI, refers to the application of artificial intelligence to industrial business processes. Unlike general
Artificial intelligence in industry
Artificial_intelligence_in_industry
American multinational technology company
quantum computing, e-commerce, consumer electronics, and artificial intelligence (AI). It has been referred to as "the most powerful company in the world"
German SS officer and war criminal (1913–1991)
Resistance—as the head of the Gestapo in Lyon. After the war, United States intelligence services employed him for his anti-communist efforts and aided his escape
Klaus_Barbie
Military unit
the 70th Intelligence Wing—the 543rd Support Squadron and the 93rd Intelligence Squadron. In 2005, the NSA leased a nearby defunct chip plant from Sony
Texas_Cryptologic_Center
PLANT INTELLIGENCE
PLANT INTELLIGENCE
Girl/Female
Hebrew
Plant.
Boy/Male
African French
Plant.
Boy/Male
French
From the flat land.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Sacred plant, A sacred plant (Basil)
Male
Arthurian
, a king; father of Lancelot.
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly Berkshire)
English (chiefly Berkshire) : from Middle English planke ‘plank’ (Late Latin planca). It is not clear how this word was applied as a surname: it may be a topographic name for someone who lived near a plank bridge over a stream, a metonymic occupational name for a carpenter, or a nickname for a thin person.North German : nickname for a cantankerous person, from Middle Low German plank ‘quarrel’, ‘discord’.North German : metonymic occupational name from Middle Low German plank ‘measure for liquids’.South German : topographic name from Middle High German plank ‘plank’, ‘palisade’.South German : nickname for a fair-haired person, from a variant of Middle High German blanc ‘light’, ‘shining’.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
A Sacred Plant; Tulsi Plant
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Plant
Boy/Male
Arthurian Legend
Father of Lancelot.
Girl/Female
Hebrew
Plant.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from Platt or Platt Bridge in Lancashire, named in Middle English with Old French plat ‘flat’, ‘thin’ (see Platte), in the dialect sense ‘plank bridge’.English : topographic name from Middle English plat ‘plot of land’, ‘piece of ground’ (Old English plætt).Jewish (Ashkenazic) : nickname from German platt ‘flat’.German : variant of Platte 3.
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : metonymic occupational name for a gardener, in particular someone with a herb garden, from Middle English plant (Old English plante), Old French plante ‘herb’, ‘shrub’, ‘young tree’. In English it may also be a nickname for a tender or delicate individual, from the same word in a transferred sense.French : topographic name for a planted area, in particular one planted with herbs or vines. Compare Plantier.Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic) : unexplained.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : perhaps a habitational name for someone who lived by a long strip of ground, Middle English langet (a derivative of lang ‘long’).
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit
Little Plant; Small Plant
Girl/Female
Hebrew
Plant.
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Traditional
Sacred Plant; A Medicine Plant; Basil Plant
Girl/Female
Hebrew
Plant.
Surname or Lastname
French (Planté)
French (Planté) : topographic name for someone living by an area of planted ground, a herb garden, shrubbery, or more specifically a vineyard.English : variant of Plant.
Boy/Male
French
From the flat land.
Boy/Male
English
Plant
PLANT INTELLIGENCE
PLANT INTELLIGENCE
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
One of the Solar Planet
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from the medieval personal name Benne, a pet form of Benedict (see Benn).English : habitational name from a place in Oxfordshire named Benson, from Old English Benesingtūn ‘settlement (Old English tūn) associated with Benesa’, a personal name of obscure origin, perhaps a derivative of Bana meaning ‘slayer’.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : patronymic composed of a pet form of the personal name Beniamin (see Bien, Benjamin) + German Sohn ‘son’.Scandinavian : altered form of such names as Bengtsson, Bendtsen, patronymics from Bengt, Bendt, etc., Scandinavian forms of Benedict.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Servant of the Opener (of the gates of sustenance).
Girl/Female
Hebrew Arabic Muslim Greek Irish Welsh
Fire.
Boy/Male
Teutonic
Martial ruler.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Speech
Girl/Female
Indian
Protected by God, Silk of heaven
Boy/Male
Indian, Tamil
Lord Shiva
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Traditional
Lord of Love
Male
Dutch
, of Mars.
PLANT INTELLIGENCE
PLANT INTELLIGENCE
PLANT INTELLIGENCE
PLANT INTELLIGENCE
PLANT INTELLIGENCE
a.
Plane or flat on one side, and concave on the other; as, a plano-concave lens. See Lens.
n.
A plan; an artifice; a swindle; a trick.
a.
Eating, or subsisting on, plants; as, a plant-eating beetle.
n.
To put in the ground and cover, as seed for growth; as, to plant maize.
n.
To furnish with a fixed and organized population; to settle; to establish; as, to plant a colony.
a.
Alt. of Plano-
v. t.
To lay down, as on a plank or table; to stake or pay cash; as, to plank money in a wager.
a.
To make smooth; to level; to pare off the inequalities of the surface of, as of a board or other piece of wood, by the use of a plane; as, to plane a plank.
v.
Capable of plying or bending; readily yielding to force or pressure without breaking; flexible; pliable; lithe; limber; plastic; as, a pliant thread; pliant wax. Also used figuratively: Easily influenced for good or evil; tractable; as, a pliant heart.
n.
A slanting direction or plane; a slope; as, it lies on a slant.
v. t.
To interweave the strands or locks of; to braid; to plat; as, to plait hair; to plait rope.
n.
Work done by platting or braiding; a plait.
n.
To introduce and establish the principles or seeds of; as, to plant Christianity among the heathen.
a.
Combining forms signifying flat, level, plane; as planifolious, planimetry, plano-concave.
n.
To furnish, or fit out, with plants; as, to plant a garden, an orchard, or a forest.
n.
To set firmly; to fix; to set and direct, or point; as, to plant cannon against a fort; to plant a standard in any place; to plant one's feet on solid ground; to plant one's fist in another's face.
a.
Without elevations or depressions; even; level; flat; lying in, or constituting, a plane; as, a plane surface.