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Polish government in exile during World War II in German-occupied Poland
The Polish Underground State (Polish: Polskie Państwo Podziemne, also known as the Polish Secret State) was a single political and military entity formed
Polish_Underground_State
Underground publishing operations in Poland during World War II and the communist regime
The Polish underground press, devoted to prohibited materials (sl. Polish: bibuła [biˈbu.wa] , lit. 'semitransparent blotting paper' or, alternatively
Polish_underground_press
World War II Polish resistance movement
it constituted the armed wing of what came to be known as the Polish Underground State. Estimates of the Home Army's 1944 strength range between 200,000
Home_Army
Combatant organizations opposed to Nazi Germany
of the Polish Underground State. The largest of all Polish resistance organizations was the Armia Krajowa (Home Army, AK), loyal to the Polish government
Polish resistance movement in World War II
Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II
Aspect of military history
invasion marked the end of the Second Polish Republic, though Poland never formally surrendered. A Polish Underground State with a government-in-exile that
Military history of Poland during World War II
Military_history_of_Poland_during_World_War_II
altered significantly. Nevertheless, underground organizations and individuals—in particular the Polish Underground State—saved much of Poland's most valuable
Polish culture during World War II
Polish_culture_during_World_War_II
Monument in Wiejska Street
media related to Monument to the Polish Underground State and Home Army. The Monument to the Polish Underground State and Home Army is located on Wiejska
Monument to the Polish Underground State and Home Army
Monument_to_the_Polish_Underground_State_and_Home_Army
Soviet invasion of Poland, established in 1998 27 September – Polish Underground State's Day, Dzień Podziemnego Państwa Polskiego, set on the anniversary
Public_holidays_in_Poland
Topics referred to by the same term
to informally as "The Underground" Polish Underground State (Polish: Polskie Państwo Podziemne), 1939-1945 Weather Underground, a clandestine far-left
Underground
influence in Poland during World War II through the structures of the Polish Underground State and its military arm, the Armia Krajowa (Home Army) resistance
Polish_government-in-exile
Learned society in London UK
of the Polish Underground State in Occupied Poland, its links to the Polish government-in-exile initially in France then in London, the Polish armed forces
Polish Institute and Sikorski Museum
Polish_Institute_and_Sikorski_Museum
had a unique underground administration maintained by the Polish Underground State. For regional divisions of Poland by the underground army known as
Subdivisions of Polish territories during World War II
Subdivisions_of_Polish_territories_during_World_War_II
Invasion at the beginning of World War II
collective of underground resistance organizations formed the Polish Underground State within the territory of the former Polish state. Many of the military
Invasion_of_Poland
Political party in Poland
organizations that formed the political foundation of the Polish Underground State, alongside the Polish Socialist Party, the People's Party, and the Labour
National_Party_(Poland)
World War II underground courts in occupied Poland
The underground courts (Polish: Sądy podziemne) were World War II secret courts in occupied Poland, organized by the Polish government-in-exile. The courts
Underground_court
ISBN 0786403713. Marek Ney-Krwawicz. "The Polish Underground State and Home Army". PolishResistance-AK.org. London Branch of the Polish Home Army Ex-Servicemen Association
History_of_the_Jews_in_Poland
Topics referred to by the same term
(1918–1919) Polish Armed Forces in the West Sejny Uprising Silesian Uprisings Polish Underground State Armia Krajowa (the Home Army), Polish underground army
Polish_resistance
Staged trial of 16 leaders of the Polish Secret State held by the Soviet Union
The Trial of the Sixteen (Polish: Proces szesnastu) was a staged trial of 16 leaders of the Polish Underground State held by the Soviet authorities in
Trial_of_the_Sixteen
WWII Polish resistance emblem
The kotwica ([kɔtˈfit͡sa]; Polish for 'anchor') was an emblem of the Polish Underground State and Armia Krajowa (AK; tr. 'Home Army') used during World
Kotwica
Germany and the Soviet Union. The Soviets had ceased to recognise the Polish state at the start of the invasion. Since 1939 German and Soviet officials
Soviet repressions of Polish citizens (1939–1946)
Soviet_repressions_of_Polish_citizens_(1939–1946)
These include conflicts such as Polish–Teutonic Wars, Silesian Uprisings and World War II. This does include Polish and German intervention in wars such
List of armed conflicts involving Poland against Germany
List_of_armed_conflicts_involving_Poland_against_Germany
Polish collaborationist blackmailer
summer of 1942, Żegota, a Polish underground organization dedicated to aiding the Jews, requested that the Polish Underground State intensify its efforts
Szmalcownik
Polish Underground raid in 1945
Warsaw. Hundreds of Polish citizens had been imprisoned there, including members of the Home Army and other members of the underground resistance. Prisoners
Attack on the NKVD Camp in Rembertów
Attack_on_the_NKVD_Camp_in_Rembertów
Castle in Maine-et-Loire, France
the 125th Polish Infantry Regiment was formed at Pignerolle before going to fight on the Moselle. The Chateau was requisitioned by the Polish government-in-exile
Château_de_Pignerolle
German puppet state
the Armistice of 11 November 1918 as the cornerstone proto-state of the nascent Second Polish Republic, the latter composed also of territories never intended
Kingdom_of_Poland_(1917–1918)
Communist-controlled political body in Poland from 1943 to 1947
communist-controlled center of authority, challenging organs of the Polish Underground State. The existence of the KRN was later accepted by the Soviet Union
State_National_Council
Term applied to a variety of anti-Soviet and anti-communist Polish resistance movements
stages of World War II and in its aftermath by members of the Polish Underground State. The above terms, introduced in the early 1990s, reflect the stance
Cursed_soldiers
Pro-Soviet resistance militia in Nazi-occupied Poland near the end of WWII
the National Armed Forces, refused to join the structures of the Polish Underground State and Home Army. It participated in a number of uprisings and supported
People's_Army_(Poland)
whilst in command of the 174th Reserve Division on 26 August 1943 by Polish underground forces near Ożarów. Notes Mitcham 2007, p. 229 & 262. MacLean, French
Kurt_Renner
Polish resistance organization during WWII
Delegaturze Rządu RP na Kraj), an underground Polish resistance organization, and part of the Polish Underground State, active 1942–45 in German-occupied Poland
Żegota
Polish Underground State during World War II. It was created by the Government Delegate on 9 January 1944. Originally the political arm of the Polish
Council_of_National_Unity
Topics referred to by the same term
party used in several countries Polish Underground State (Polish: Polskie Państwo Podziemne), the Polish Underground State during World War II Polska Partia
PPP
Polish Nazi collaborator
Organization (NOR) member. He was assassinated by a squad of the Polish Underground State. Prior to World War II, Brochwicz was a vocal Germanophile. Taking
Stanisław_Brochwicz
Belarusian combatant organisations opposed to Nazi Germany
and let Polish underground military structures to grow unopposed in these lands in 1941–1942, in the context of relations with the Polish government
Belarusian resistance during World War II
Belarusian_resistance_during_World_War_II
Auschwitz-Birkenau prisoner from Poland
of the Bureau of Information and Propaganda for the sign of the Polish Underground State - anchor project - the symbol of Fighting Poland. She was the liaison
Anna_Smoleńska
for Poland, the underground representative of the Polish Government-in-Exile, sentenced Freudenthal to death for crimes against the Polish and Jewish populations
Karl_Freudenthal
Polish politician
Krzeptowski lobbied Hans Frank in favor of his plan to establish an independent state for his ethnic group in southern Poland. This project proved to be a failure
Wacław_Krzeptowski
Far-right Polish WWII resistance unit
disagreements over the issue of reaching an understanding with the Polish Underground State and acknowledging the Home Army command, which the individuals
Holy_Cross_Mountains_Brigade
Polish escapee from Auschwitz (1921–1943)
most mysterious and controversial episodes in the history of the Polish Underground State. On 25 September 2019, Jaster was posthumously awarded the Knight's
Stanisław_Gustaw_Jaster
Major World War II operation by the Polish resistance Home Army
by the Polish underground resistance to liberate Warsaw from German occupation. It occurred in the summer of 1944, and it was led by the Polish resistance
Warsaw_Uprising
Polish journalist, drama critic, and Gestapo agent
the Polish Underground State, and executed by hanging. During the 1919 to 1920 Polish-Soviet War, Świerczewski served as a lieutenant in the Polish Army
Eugeniusz_Świerczewski
Military Special Courts (Polish: Wojskowe Sądownictwo Specjalne) or WSS was the underground court of the Polish Underground State during World War II. The
Military_Special_Court
Provisional government of Poland, proclaimed in 1944
by Polish communists. At the time of the formation of the PKWN, the principal Polish authority in German-occupied Poland was the Polish Underground State
Polish Committee of National Liberation
Polish_Committee_of_National_Liberation
1943 novel by Aleksander Kamiński
history of the Polish underground scout movement, the Grey Ranks (and the affiliation, in particular with the Polish Underground State and Home Army,
Stones_for_the_Rampart
Polish civil resistance
Directorate of Underground Resistance (Polish: Kierownictwo Walki Podziemnej, KWP) was an agency of the Polish Underground State created during World
Directorate of Underground Resistance
Directorate_of_Underground_Resistance
the invasions. Its largest military component was a part of the Polish Underground State network and became known as the Home Army. The whole clandestine
History_of_Poland_(1939–1945)
2015 non-fiction book by Joshua D. Zimmerman
The Polish Underground and the Jews, 1939–1945 is a book by American historian Joshua D. Zimmerman, published in 2015 by Cambridge University Press, discussing
The Polish Underground and the Jews, 1939–1945
The_Polish_Underground_and_the_Jews,_1939–1945
Ukrainian nationalist partisan organisation active during and after World War II
launched guerrilla warfare against the Soviet Union, the Polish people (both the Polish Underground State resistance and Soviet-backed forces as well as against
Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army
Christian and French patriotic symbol
standing for European federalisation Kotwica, the symbol of the Polish Underground State Patriarchal cross Russian Orthodox cross Monter 2007, p. 23. Engel
Cross_of_Lorraine
Polish state from 1918 to 1939
The Second Polish Republic, officially known at the time as the Republic of Poland, was the Polish state that existed between 7 October 1918 and 6 October
Second_Polish_Republic
Polish anti-Soviet nationalist paramilitary organization
The National Armed Forces (Polish: Narodowe Siły Zbrojne; NSZ) was a Polish right-wing underground military organization of the National Democracy operating
National_Armed_Forces
Proposed country during World War I
the Polish Underground State in that period called for the creation of a Central and Eastern European federal union undominated by any one state. On 12
Intermarium
Country in central Europe (960–1025)
Civitas Schinesghe (Ecclesiastical Latin: [ˈtʃivitas skiˈnesɡe]; Polish: Państwo Gnieźnieńskie), commonly referred to in historiography as the Duchy of
Civitas_Schinesghe
military arm of the Polish Underground State, was formed from a number of smaller groups in 1942. There was also the Armia Ludowa (AL) (Polish People's Army)
Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)
Occupation_of_Poland_(1939–1945)
1944–1945 anti-Nazi uprising in Poland
advancing Soviet Red Army. The Polish Underground State hoped to take power before the Soviets arrived. A goal of the Polish government-in-exile in London
Operation_Tempest
Unit of the Home Army tasked with special operations
Army Commander-in-Chief, operated openly under the banner of the Polish Underground State. On Saturday, 5 June 1943, the Gestapo unexpectedly surrounded
Organization of Special Combat Actions
Organization_of_Special_Combat_Actions
Polish underground resistance movement officer
Krzysztof Markiewicz nom de guerre Czort, was an officer of Polish underground resistance movement during World War II in the rank of podporucznik (Second
Krzysztof_Markiewicz
Topics referred to by the same term
Secret State may refer to: Polish Underground State, a political and military entity formed by the union of resistance organizations in World War II occupied
Secret_State
Jewish insurgency against Nazi Germany in German-occupied Poland during World War II
online exhibition by Yad Vashem Stefan Korbonski The Polish Underground State: A Guide to the Underground, 1939–1945 Archived 27 September 2011 at the Wayback
Warsaw_Ghetto_Uprising
Codename for the underground paramilitary Polish Scouting Association during World War II
Grey Ranks (Polish: Szare Szeregi) was a codename for the underground paramilitary Polish Scouting Association (Związek Harcerstwa Polskiego) during World
Grey_Ranks
Political symbol
Poland. In the 1930s the symbol became an emblem of two political parties: Polish Socialist Party (Polska Partia Socjalistyczna) and General Jewish Labour
Three_Arrows
Government Delegate for Poland. It was the top executive of the Polish Underground State, created on 26 July 1944 from the Government Delegation for Poland
Home_Council_of_Ministers
WWII military operation
German-Soviet invasion of Poland, the Polish government evacuated to the West and created the Polish Underground State. While no war was declared between
Augustów_roundup
shortly after Poland re-emerged as an independent state in the aftermath of World War I in 1918. Many Polish flags were adopted within the following three
List_of_Polish_flags
Topics referred to by the same term
Fast And Furious franchise. Kotwica, a World War II emblem of the Polish Underground State and Armia Krajowa. This disambiguation page lists articles associated
PW
1939–1945 policies during WWII
German authorities, but also by the Polish Underground State and Catholic Church who wanted to preserve the Polish character of these lands by preventing
Military enrolment in German-occupied Poland
Military_enrolment_in_German-occupied_Poland
Polish politician and activist (1922–2015)
part of the Polish underground and participated in the Warsaw Uprising. After the war he was persecuted and imprisoned by the ruling Polish United Workers'
Władysław_Bartoszewski
aided by one of the largest resistance movements in Europe, the Polish Underground State and its military arm, the Home Army. Supported by the Government
Rescue of Jews by Poles during the Holocaust
Rescue_of_Jews_by_Poles_during_the_Holocaust
the Great and the assumption of the Polish throne by Louis I. For much of its early history as a Christian state, Poland had to contend with Pomeranians
List_of_wars_involving_Poland
Polish state (1807–1815)
The Duchy of Warsaw (Polish: Księstwo Warszawskie; French: Duché de Varsovie; German: Herzogtum Warschau) was a French client state established by Napoleon
Duchy_of_Warsaw
Polish museum about the Warsaw Uprising
history of the uprising, and the history and possessions of the Polish Underground State. It collects and maintains hundreds of artifacts – ranging from
Warsaw_Rising_Museum
Polish actress (1900–1944)
Jaga Juno (1900 – 22 March 1944) was a Polish actress. She was active in theatre and film in the early 1920s. During the German occupation of Poland, Juno
Jaga_Juno
Underground Polish educational organization
(Polish: Tajna Organizacja Nauczycielska, TON also translated as the Secret Teaching Society or Clandestine Teaching Organization) was an underground Polish
Secret_Teaching_Organization
German paramilitary organization
The Iron Front (German: Eiserne Front) was a German underground paramilitary organization in the Weimar Republic which consisted of social democrats,
Iron_Front
Polish government-affiliated institute
the Polish Nation (Polish: Instytut Pamięci Narodowej – Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu, abbreviated IPN) is a Polish state research
Institute of National Remembrance
Institute_of_National_Remembrance
1945 WWII allied discussion of postwar reorganization
later the GDR Polish and Soviet annexed territory Partition plan from Winston Churchill: North German state South German state, including modern
Yalta_Conference
1916 Central Powers promise of Polish independence
Council of State was created, with Waclaw Niemojowski as its president, and Józef Piłsudski as chairman of its Military Commission. Units of the Polish Military
Act_of_5th_November
WWII anti-fascist organization
requires |journal= (help) Joshua D. Zimmerman (5 June 2015). The Polish Underground and the Jews, 1939–1945. Cambridge University Press. pp. 177–178.
Front for the Rebirth of Poland
Front_for_the_Rebirth_of_Poland
1939 battle of the World War II
1939-1945 (Polish Underground State in Pomerania in the years 1939-1945), Oskar, Gdansk, 2005, pg. 50 Brody, Ervin C. (1996). "The Polish-German Conflict
Defence of the Polish Post Office in Danzig
Defence_of_the_Polish_Post_Office_in_Danzig
Overview of education in occupied Poland during World War II
organized officer courses and special training. The Szare Szeregi (the underground Polish Scouting Association) opened its own NCO school in Warsaw nicknamed
Education in Poland during World War II
Education_in_Poland_during_World_War_II
Lower house of the parliament of Poland
this body functioned from 1944 to 1945 as the parliament of the Polish Underground State. With the cessation of hostilities in 1945, and subsequent rise
Sejm
Mass executions carried out by Nazi Germany in Poland
However, it remained a center of Polish cultural life. Warsaw also headquartered the high command of the Polish Underground State and soon became a stronghold
Palmiry_massacre
1944 nonfiction book
"Armia Krajowa was considered the largest underground resistance unit in wartime Europe". Certainly, the Polish resistance was the largest resistance movement
Story_of_a_Secret_State
Overview of prospective state mergers
Conference), Minsk, Belarus, 2005. Garliński, Józef (April 1975). "The Polish Underground State 1939–1945". Journal of Contemporary History. 10 (2): 246. doi:10
List of proposed state mergers
List_of_proposed_state_mergers
Irregular forces in World War II
The Norwegian Resistance The Polish Resistance (including the Polish Home Army and the greater Polish Underground State loyal to the government-in-exile
Resistance during World War II
Resistance_during_World_War_II
official monthly underground journal and mouthpiece of the Government Delegation for Poland, the highest authority of the Polish Underground State, accountable
Rzeczpospolita Polska (magazine)
Rzeczpospolita_Polska_(magazine)
1944 Polish resistance attack of the Warsaw Uprising
happened next. Some sources state that in the open space between the edge of the Old Town buildings and the railway tracks, the Polish unit came under intense
Insurgent attacks on Warszawa Gdańska railway station
Insurgent_attacks_on_Warszawa_Gdańska_railway_station
Second Polish Republic territory between East Prussia and the rest of Germany
The Polish Corridor (German: Polnischer Korridor; Polish: korytarz polski), also known as the Pomeranian Corridor, was a territory located in the region
Polish_Corridor
territories (he was never officially confirmed in this position by the Polish government in exile) Government Delegation for Poland Armed Forces Delegation
List of Government Delegates for Poland
List_of_Government_Delegates_for_Poland
Aspect of World War II
Gazeta Handlowa. Korbonski, Stefan (1981). The polish underground state: a guide to the underground 1939 - 1945. New York: Hippocrene Books. p. 7.
Collaboration in German-occupied Poland
Collaboration_in_German-occupied_Poland
constitutionally known as the "Third Polish Republic." Poland is a unitary state made up of sixteen voivodeships (Polish: województwo). Poland is a member
Territorial evolution of Poland
Territorial_evolution_of_Poland
Mass displacement of Warsaw residents
remained the center of Polish political, intellectual, and cultural life. It was also the seat of the Polish Underground State and the location of particularly
Expulsion of Warsaw population
Expulsion_of_Warsaw_population
German far-left militant group
dissolution in the wake of the Machtergreifung in 1933, the movement went underground. In the postwar era, the historical Antifaschistische Aktion inspired
Antifaschistische_Aktion
same codename was retained for the direct successor, the underground Council to Aid Jews (Polish: Rada Pomocy Żydom). The Provisional Committee was helping
Provisional Committee to Aid Jews
Provisional_Committee_to_Aid_Jews
Former voivodeship of Poland
Białystok Voivodeship (Polish: Województwo białostockie) was an administrative unit of interwar Poland (1918–1939). The province's capital and its biggest
Białystok Voivodeship (1919–1939)
Białystok_Voivodeship_(1919–1939)
Polish politician, national activist (1903–1946)
from the Polish Workers' Party (PPR). He tried to win over Karol Popiel in London: to this end, he sent messages from the Polish Underground State, via his
Zygmunt_Felczak
most spectacular raids in the history of the Home Army and the Polish Underground State. It took place on 18 January 1943 in Pinsk, the town in Eastern
1943_Pinsk_Prison_raid
lines of communication with, and control of, the Polish Underground State in situ and the Polish Underground Army in occupied Poland, and the maintenance
Poles_in_the_United_Kingdom
Territories of Poland annexed during WWII
Germans collected all Polish books and burned them. In 1939 Polish teachers created Secret Teaching Organization an underground Polish educational organization
Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany
Polish_areas_annexed_by_Nazi_Germany
Polish Security Printing Works (Polish: Polska Wytwórnia Papierów Wartościowych S.A.; PWPW S.A.) is a sole-shareholder company of the State Treasury,
Polish Security Printing Works
Polish_Security_Printing_Works
POLISH UNDERGROUND-STATE
POLISH UNDERGROUND-STATE
Male
Polish
Polish name SULISÅAW means "better fame."
Male
Polish
Polish form of Greek Klaudios, KLAUDIUSZ means "lame."
Male
Polish
Polish form of Greek Stephanos, SZCZEPAN means "crown."
Female
Irish
Irish Gaelic form of English Alice, AILISH means "noble sort."
Male
Polish
Polish name, WIELISÅAW means "great glory."Â
Female
Polish
Polish-Jewish pet form of Polish Henrieta, YETTA means "little home-ruler."
Female
Polish
Polish name MARZENA means "dreamed one."Â
Male
Polish
Polish form of Greek Methodios, METODY means "method."
Male
Polish
Polish form of Greek Makarios, MAKARY means "blessed."
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Underground Fruit
Male
Polish
Polish form of Greek Paulos, PAWEÅ means "small."
Male
Polish
Polish form of Greek Timon, TYMON means "honor."
Male
Polish
Polish form of Latin Constans, KONSTANTY means "steadfast."
Female
Irish
Variant spelling of Irish Gaelic EilÃs, EILISH means "God is my oath."
Male
Polish
Polish form of Latin Victor, WIKTOR means "conqueror."
Male
Polish
Polish pet form of Czech/Polish Jakub, KUBA means "supplanter."
Male
Polish
Polish name ZDZISÅAW means "here is glory."
Male
Polish
Polish name SZCZEOSNY means "lucky."Â
Surname or Lastname
Catalan and Polish
Catalan and Polish : from a short form of the personal name Hipolit (see French Hypolite).English : variant of Pollitt.
Male
Polish
Polish form of Latin Vincentius, WINCENTY means "conqueror."
POLISH UNDERGROUND-STATE
POLISH UNDERGROUND-STATE
Boy/Male
Anglo, German
Defender of the Temple
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Rainbow
Boy/Male
Indian, Tamil
Great Poet
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Lord Buddha
Girl/Female
Indian, Tamil
Goddess of Arts; Goddess Saraswati
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Sweet
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Early morning
Girl/Female
Arabic, Christian, Finnish, Greek, Irish, Muslim, Swedish
Noble; Light Bearer; From the Stony Place; Bird; Rival
Girl/Female
Muslim
Wise
Boy/Male
Muslim
Blessing of Allah
POLISH UNDERGROUND-STATE
POLISH UNDERGROUND-STATE
POLISH UNDERGROUND-STATE
POLISH UNDERGROUND-STATE
POLISH UNDERGROUND-STATE
v. t.
To cause perish.
a.
Being below the surface of the ground; as, an underground story or apartment.
v. t.
To make smooth and glossy, usually by friction; to burnish; to overspread with luster; as, to polish glass, marble, metals, etc.
a.
Foolish; weak; imbecile.
a.
Made smooth and glossy, as by friction; hence, highly finished; refined; polite; as, polished plate; polished manners; polished verse.
v. t.
To polish thoroughly.
v. t.
To polish; to refine; to render polite.
v. t.
Hence, to refine; to wear off the rudeness, coarseness, or rusticity of; to make elegant and polite; as, to polish life or manners.
n.
Civil polity.
v. i.
To become smooth, as from friction; to receive a gloss; to take a smooth and glossy surface; as, steel polishes well.
v.
Smooth; polished.
a.
Of or pertaining to a parish; parochial; as, a parish church; parish records; a parish priest; maintained by the parish; as, parish poor.
imp. & p. p.
of Polish
v. t.
To deprive of polish; to make impolite.
v. t.
To remove the polish or glaze from.
n.
The act of supporting or of propelling by means of a pole or poles; as, the poling of beans; the poling of a boat.
n.
The language of the Poles.
v. t.
To polish again.
n.
A tool to polish the edge of a sole.
n.
Policy; art; management.