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Simultaneous use of multiple musical keys
Polytonality (also polyharmony) is the musical use of more than one key simultaneously. Bitonality is the use of only two different keys at the same time
Polytonality
Form of classical music composed for a small group of instruments
only new experiment in tonality. Darius Milhaud developed the use of polytonality, that is, music where different instruments play in different keys at
Chamber_music
Sub-genre of jazz
each implying a polytonality (D major 7 over C major 7: CEGBDF#AC#) with the improvisation based on alternating Lydian-ish polytonality and an altered
Modal_jazz
French composer, conductor and teacher (1892–1974)
are influenced by jazz and Brazilian music and make extensive use of polytonality. Milhaud is considered one of the key modernist composers. He taught
Darius_Milhaud
Improvisational approach
side-stepping or side-slipping, superimposition of Coltrane changes, and polytonality. The term outside is commonly used by jazz musicians playing in a post-bop
Outside_(jazz)
Music genre
polyrhythmic accompaniment," the composition combined Afro-Cuban rhythm with polytonality and preceded further use of modality and avant-garde harmony in Latin
Jazz
List of pieces using polytonality and/or bitonality. Samuel Barber Symphony No. 2 (1944)[citation needed] Béla Bartók Mikrokosmos Volume 5 number 125:
List_of_polytonal_pieces
1951 single by Bud Powell
chords to imply a polytonality (D major 7 over C major 7: CEGBDF#AC#) with the improvisation based on an alternating polytonality and an altered dominant
Un_Poco_Loco
Chord made of a tertian triad and a miscellaneous fourth note
used. An added tone such as fourth voiced below the root may suggest polytonality. The practice of adding tones may have led to superimposing chords and
Added_tone_chord
1787 composition by W. A. Mozart
movement. The piece is notable for one of the earliest known uses of polytonality (although not the earliest, having been predated by Heinrich Ignaz Franz
A_Musical_Joke
1969 studio album by Captain Beefheart and His Magic Band
rock. Its unconventional musical style, which includes polyrhythm and polytonality, has given the album a reputation as one of the most challenging recordings
Trout_Mask_Replica
American modernist composer (1874–1954)
systematic program of experimental music, with musical techniques including polytonality, polyrhythm, tone clusters, aleatory elements, and quarter tones. The
Charles_Ives
Japanese composer (born 1971)
atonal music. He employs techniques such as polyrhythm, tone clusters, polytonality, brass glissandi and polymodal chromaticism to create unique musical
Yoshihisa_Hirano
1982 film by Steven Spielberg
his use of polytonality, which refers to the sound of two different keys played simultaneously. The Lydian mode can also be used in a polytonal way. Williams
E.T._the_Extra-Terrestrial
Piano piece by Claude Debussy
most harmonically complex of the entire series of preludes, hinting at polytonality. The left hand mainly employs the C diatonic collection, modulating shortly
Brouillards
1673 composition by Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber
composer Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber. The work is known for its early use of polytonality and non-conventional techniques. Written in 1673, Battalia is scored
Battalia_à_10
Topics referred to by the same term
Polymodality, multiple stimulus modalities (e.g. free nerve endings) Polytonality, multiple musical modes Multimodal (disambiguation) This disambiguation
Polymodal
Change from one tonality to another
to a polytonality, often by beginning with a duplicated tonic chord and modulating the chords in contrary motion until the desired polytonality is reached
Modulation_(music)
Polytonal device in the works of Igor Stravinsky
The Petrushka chord is a recurring polytonal device featured in Igor Stravinsky's 1911 ballet Petrushka, as well as in later compositions. It consists
Petrushka_chord
1920 suite for piano (later arranged for orchestra) by Darius Milhaud
suite for orchestra (op. 67b). The work is well known for its use of polytonality, though sections may also be considered extended tonality or, "harmonic
Saudades_do_Brasil
Opera by Darius Milhaud
resources for its staging. As in many of his other works, Milhaud employs polytonality in parts of the score. The opera tells the life of Christopher Columbus
Christophe_Colomb
French composer (1835–1921)
neoclassicism of Les Six was equally uncompromising: of Darius Milhaud's polytonal symphonic suite Protée (1919) he commented, "fortunately, there are still
Camille_Saint-Saëns
Russian composer (1882–1971)
premiere due to its avant-garde nature. He had begun to experiment with polytonality in The Firebird and Petrushka, but for The Rite of Spring, he "pushed
Igor_Stravinsky
1966 studio album by the Beach Boys
chords, rather than horizontal classical structures, and often engaged in polytonality through stacking different chords across bass and treble clefs. Four
Pet_Sounds
French composer (1860–1917)
music ahead of its time, such as unique harmonies, extended chords, and polytonality. Fanelli was born in Paris to Italian parents and started studying music
Ernest_Fanelli
1937 musical suite by Darius Milhaud
movements being of a distinct character. Milhaud's characteristic use of polytonality can be heard throughout the piece. Scaramouche, which originally composed
Scaramouche_(Milhaud)
American composer (born 1937)
extension out of a triadic harmonic language", an experiment with the polytonality of his teachers Persichetti and Milhaud, a musical technique which Glass
Philip_Glass
1969 musical work
Concerto No. 1, Op. 45, in 1969. The piece contains many innovative uses of polytonality, cluster chords and extended uses of form. It was during this time that
Piano Concerto No. 1 (Rautavaara)
Piano_Concerto_No._1_(Rautavaara)
American astrologer (1895–1985)
Métachorie by the New York Metropolitan Opera. This was one of the first polytonal pieces of music performed in the United States. He also met Sasaki Roshi
Dane_Rudhyar
Opera by Richard Strauss
chromaticism, a wide range of keys, unusual modulations, tonal ambiguity, and polytonality. Some of the major characters have keys associated with them, such as
Salome_(opera)
Czech-German composer
something remembering a bit similar features in Alban Berg's music. Polytonality in harmony is another side of his stylistic language. Winterberg largely
Hans_Winterberg
Type of uncertainty of meaning where several interpretations are possible
simultaneously in different ways are ambiguous. Examples being some polytonality, polymeter, other ambiguous meters or rhythms, and ambiguous phrasing
Ambiguity
French composer and conductor (1925–2016)
French salon music of the time—whole-tone scales, pentatonic scales and polytonality". As a student at the Conservatoire Boulez composed a series of pieces
Pierre_Boulez
(1955) for James Blades Fanfare for St Edmundsbury, short antiphonal and polytonal piece for three trumpets (1959) Nocturnal after John Dowland, Op. 70,
List of compositions by Benjamin Britten
List_of_compositions_by_Benjamin_Britten
National anthem of the United Kingdom
Variations on "America" for organ in 1891 at age seventeen. It included a polytonal section in three simultaneous keys, though this was omitted from performances
God_Save_the_King
Type of musical chord
is notated as F/C. The use of polychords may suggest bitonality or polytonality. Harmonic parallelism may suggest bichords. Examples may be found in
Polychord
English composer (1874–1934)
signatures, rising and falling scales, ostinato, bitonality and occasional polytonality—set him apart from other English composers. Vaughan Williams remarked
Gustav_Holst
Swedish organist and classical music composer
of Gregorian chant in his Gregorianska melodier. At times he explored polytonality in his output, an advancement not found in other Swedish compositions
Otto_Olsson
American guitarist
Just Outside of Normal (Guitar) "Extreme Sweeping: Jean Marc Belkadi's Polytonal Plectrum Pyrotechnics". Guitar Player, pp. 144–145. "Jude Gold (Credits)"
Jude_Gold
1982 choral composition by Jānis Ivanovs
that had hitherto been discouraged in the Soviet Union. These included polytonality and dodecaphony, which can be heard in his Ninth through Thirteenth symphonies
Vocalises_(Ivanovs)
1994 symphony composed by Philip Glass
interlock in a polytonal fashion. Glass has commented on his use of polytonality in the work: "The great experiments of polytonality carried out in the
Symphony_No._2_(Glass)
Russian composer and pianist (1891–1953)
with Sarcasms for piano, Op. 17 (1912), which makes extensive use of polytonality. He composed his first two piano concertos around then, the latter of
Sergei_Prokofiev
barbaro, Sz. 49, BB 63 Folksong-influenced, Centric, Modal, Polymodal/Polytonal Arnold Bax 1883 1953 English Piano Sonata No. 1 (1910, 1917–1920) Piano
List_of_piano_composers
Set of musical alterations
indicated at the beginning of the music, e.g., "timpani in D–A"). In polytonal music, where different parts are actually in different keys sounding together
Key_signature
German composer
time. While much of his work is neo-Romantic, he also experimented with polytonality, serialism, and microtones. Gutchë also published two books, Music of
Gene_Gutchë
Musical metre of three beats
Cliff "Brubeck's Trademark Style: Odd Time Signatures, Polyrhythms and Polytonality" Archived 2017-05-19 at the Wayback Machine PBS:Rediscovering Dave Brubeck
Triple_metre
1913 ballet by Igor Stravinsky
masterpiece that had created "the decade of the displaced accent and the polytonal chord". Copland adopted Stravinsky's technique of composing in small sections
The_Rite_of_Spring
American composer (1872–1952)
Farwell produced some of his most individual works - including a series of polytonal studies for piano, several concise instrumental sonatas, numerous effective
Arthur_Farwell
American jazz saxophonist and composer (1924–1977)
juxtaposition of his airy style over Brubeck's sometimes relatively heavy, polytonal piano work. Desmond's improvisation is praised for its logical structure
Paul_Desmond
1937 song by Duke Ellington and Irving Mills
Mills. The composition is an example of Ellington's early use of bi- and polytonality, and some parts of it are almost atonal in nature. Ella Fitzgerald -
Azure_(song)
1923 composition by Darius Milhaud
Symphony No. 6 runs for about six to seven minutes and has a polytonal blues sound. Polytonality is something Milhaud is well known for. This piece has some
Little Symphony No. 6 (Milhaud)
Little_Symphony_No._6_(Milhaud)
Polychord Polyphonic Era Polyphony Polyrhythm Polystylism Polytempo Polytonality Pop music Popular music Portamento Portato Positive organ Postminimalism
Index_of_music_articles
1963 single by Steve Goodman
audience. The harmony is traditional; no influences of atonality or polytonality can be found. In fact, it's sort of un-tonal.” "Meet the Mets" was not
Meet_the_Mets
Brazilian composer (1939–2024)
style featured a mixture of classical compositional techniques such as polytonality, atonality and serialism combined with stylistic and conceptual influences
Marlos_Nobre
Canadian composer (1933–2021)
score printed in Musicworks 25, Summer 1983 Also a work for piano solo, Polytonality (1954, Ber 1974), and several works in all categories, that were withdrawn
R._Murray_Schafer
Opera by Judith Weir
Flanigan as the Bride/Wife/Mother. The compositional style is primarily polytonal and polyrhythmic, with elements of minimalism and atonality. Woodwinds
The_Vanishing_Bridegroom
1947 choral work by Aaron Copland
work is evocative of the Hebrew davening and shows the influence of polytonality with references to jazz and blues. In the Beginning was composed for
In_the_Beginning_(Copland)
Changes in musical form during the early 20th century
foundations of tonal language, searching for new models in atonalism, polytonalism or other forms of altered tonality", which took place around the turn
Modernism_(music)
Heures persanes eclectic, atonality, twelve-tone technique, serialism, polytonality, quartal and quintal harmony Ferdinand Küchler 1867 1937 German Margaret
List of 20th-century classical composers
List_of_20th-century_classical_composers
American jazz musician, arranger, and composer (1929–2011)
row is used to generate melodies and harmonies. "The Big Time", where polytonality is used to develop melodies used earlier on in the composition. Bob Brookmeyer
Bob_Brookmeyer
Musical technique
Neotonality New Complexity New Objectivity Noise Pandiatonicism Polyrhythms Polytonality Post-romanticism Process Quartal and quintal harmony Serialism Sound
Pandiatonicism
American jazz pianist and vibraphone player
Many of his compositions use extended chord harmonies, polyphony, and polytonality and were influenced by Stravinsky, Bartók, and Hindemith. Miller was
Max_Miller_(jazz_musician)
2020 studio album by Kaki King
percussive reverb, etc. -- as she moves through intricate, driving, polytonal melodies articulated in several musical languages simultaneously". All
Modern_Yesterdays
1916 solo studies for piano by Claude Debussy
tonality": From a dual musicological and philosophical perspective, this polytonality "poetically expresses the coexistence and copresence of all creatures
Études_(Debussy)
Argentine tango ensemble
techniques of contemporary music composition, such as polyrhythm and polytonality. Within a year of its formation the Conjunto 9 had run into financial
Conjunto_9
Musical philosophy
on the superimposition of the same or similar phrases, thus creating polytonality and heterophony. Coleman had been preparing a book called The Harmolodic
Harmolodics
and Keith Jarrett. Classical influences include Maurice Ravel, whose polytonalities can be heard in D*Note's use of Lydian modes (what are known in the
D*Note
1959 cantata by Jahangir Jahangirov
encountered. The tonality of this section is in B minor, and the principle of polytonality is also present. After a short agogic pause, the male chorus and the
Fuzuli_Cantata
Spanish composer
Domenico Scarlatti's in its neoclassicism and to Falla's in its mild polytonality. Like others in his milieu, Halffter chose to leave Francoist Spain at
Rodolfo_Halffter
Composition for piano by Sergei Prokofiev
percussive and pungent. One of the most notable movements is No. III, where polytonality plays a big role: the right hand plays in F♯ minor while the left hand
Sarcasms_(Prokofiev)
American classical pianist and composer
piano suite New York Days and Nights (1922), in which the elements of polytonality show him evolving towards a more modernist style. It was performed at
Emerson_Whithorne
Symphony composed by Havergal Brian
Spem in alium all the way through to twentieth century tone clusters, polytonality and the use of percussion and brass in a Varèse-like outburst of extreme
Symphony_No._1_(Brian)
Swiss composer and pianist
pianist. He composed in a neo-classical style, sometimes approaching polytonality, and his music shows the influence of Stravinsky and Poulenc. He began
Jean_Perrin_(composer)
1913 composition by Leo Ornstein
Neotonality New Complexity New Objectivity Noise Pandiatonicism Polyrhythms Polytonality Post-romanticism Process Quartal and quintal harmony Serialism Sound
Wild_Men's_Dance
1975 studio album by Hot Tuna
"Pure, unadulterated sounds with amplified additives and the necessary polytonal ingredients to handle heavy loads." On another side of the box is a "warning"
America's_Choice
Ives – quarter tones, tone clusters, aleatoric music, polyrhythm and polytonality Don Joyce – sound collage iwrestledabearonce JPEGMAFIA – experimental
List of experimental musicians
List_of_experimental_musicians
Czech-born French composer (1770–1836)
advocated in the most radical of his music and writings, such as polyrhythm, polytonality and microtonal music, were accepted or employed by other nineteenth-century
Anton_Reicha
American composer and orchestrator
atonality and avant garde style of composition, with influences from polytonal minimalist works by John Adams and cluster-like as well as aleatoric techniques
Don_Davis_(composer)
American YouTuber and musician (born 1988)
1 2019 two microtonal lo-fi jams Christmas Microtonal Lo-Fi Hip Hop EP 2020 polytonal lo-fi A Very 15/16 Christmas 2025 The Way Under (with Lau Noah)
Adam_Neely
American jazz trumpeter, composer, bandleader, and educator (1945–1989)
In both his improvisations and his compositions, Shaw frequently used polytonality, the combination of two or more tonalities or keys (i.e., multiple chords
Woody_Shaw
Piano composition by Germaine Tailleferre
a slower passage using irregular time signatures and "Stravinskian" polytonality, the initial material is presented in a fugato, which brings the work
Toccata_for_Two_Pianos
completed a much smaller-scale work, the Terzetto. An experiment in polytonality, it was not an easy work to compose, Holst being worried whether in performance
Terzetto for flute, oboe and viola
Terzetto_for_flute,_oboe_and_viola
Brazilian singer-songwriter
has been praised by avant-garde composers for his use of dissonance, polytonality, and unusual time signatures. Because of the experimental nature of many
Tom_Zé
American composer (1925-2013)
all experiments in traditional media from impressionism to atonality, polytonality and the like, were closed paths – that 'this' medium, with its fundamental
Ruth_White_(composer)
Croatian composer
conventional, but he attempted to incorporate new ideas, such as bitonality, polytonality, and atonality. On occasion he employed serial techniques, but never
Rudolf_Brucci
American composer, conductor and music educator
he calls 'paratonality': the predominance of a diatonic element in a polytonal or atonal passage. Vincent wrote numerous orchestral works, chamber music
John_Vincent_(composer)
Austrian composer (1878–1934)
language, which, although broadly tonal, is inflected with chromatic and polytonal passages. Schreker also took musical inspiration from his close friend
Franz_Schreker
1941 composition by Witold Lutosławski
some of the techniques that were popular at the time of its completion: polytonality, parallel fifths, and tritones. These techniques are even present in
Variations on a Theme by Paganini (Lutosławski)
Variations_on_a_Theme_by_Paganini_(Lutosławski)
Czech-Austrian composer and violinist (1644–1704)
programmatic "battle" piece which anticipates such latter-day techniques as polytonality and col legno playing, and the Sonata representativa, another typical
Heinrich_Ignaz_Franz_Biber
throughout to create a greater sense of energy. His use of ostinatos, polytonality, dissonance, and angular lines create a work that can be described as
Symphony_No._2_(Barber)
Spanish composer and music critic (1912–2002)
crucial change in his style, which soon became characterized by free polytonality (Partida, 1958). The final phase of Montsalvatge's work revealed the
Xavier_Montsalvatge
1937 film by Mark Sandrich
19th century, but with obvious swing and jazz influences, as well as polytonalism. While Astaire made further attempts—notably in Ziegfeld Follies (1944/46)
Shall_We_Dance_(1937_film)
1915 symphonic poem by Richard Strauss
sections of the piece. This passage is a rare instance of Strauss's use of polytonality, as the shifting harmony in the middle part of the mountain theme (which
An_Alpine_Symphony
Harmonic structure with a central pitch
Harry Partch' Otonality and utonality Peter Westergaard's tonal theory Polytonality Tonality diamond Schenkerian analysis "Tonal music is music that is unified
Tonality
of the overtures for Gershwin's broadway shows, several sections are polytonal/atonal March from Strike Up the Band (1927) is a very popular musical
List of compositions by George Gershwin
List_of_compositions_by_George_Gershwin
1962 studio album by Dave Brubeck Quartet
series of concept albums studying the exploration of unusual meters and polytonality within a jazz context. Recorded between May 3, 1961 and February 12,
Countdown—Time_in_Outer_Space
1974 work by Germaine Tailleferre
ballet La Nouvelle Cythère and a final brilliant allegro which uses polytonality to create a playful atmosphere which ends abruptly. The work was probably
Sonata for Two Pianos (Tailleferre)
Sonata_for_Two_Pianos_(Tailleferre)
Musical scale
keyboardists of the 21st century. The Petrushka chord is a recurring polytonal device used in Igor Stravinsky's ballet Petrushka and in later music.
Octatonic_scale
American jazz pianist and composer (1919–1978)
almost even quavers provided with subtle rhythmic deviations and abrasive polytonal effects. He was particularly adept in his use of different levels of double
Lennie_Tristano
1918 opera by Béla Bartók
in the castle. Overall the music is not atonal, although it is often polytonal, with more than one key center operating simultaneously (e.g. the leadup
Bluebeard's_Castle
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