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Primary deviance is the initial stage in defining deviant behavior. Prominent sociologist Edwin Lemert conceptualized primary deviance as engaging in the
Primary_deviance
Action or behavior that violates social norms
Deviance or the sociology of deviance explores the actions or behaviors that violate social norms across formally enacted rules (e.g., crime) as well
Deviance_(sociology)
Edwin Lemert in 1951, primary deviance is engaging in the initial act of deviance, he subsequently suggested that secondary deviance is the process of a
Secondary_deviance
Deliberate desire to cause harm to an organization or workplace
Workplace deviance, in group psychology, may be described as the deliberate (or intentional) desire to cause harm to an organization – more specifically
Workplace_deviance
Sociological theory
theory and the study of social deviance. He introduced the concepts of primary and secondary deviance—primary deviance being minor, initial acts of rule-breaking
Labeling_theory
Theory in criminal justice
Double deviance theory states, "women are treated more harshly [than men] by the criminal justice system... because they are guilty of being doubly deviant
Double_deviance_theory
Approach to behavioral and social change
Positive deviance (PD) is an approach to behavioral and social change. It is based on the idea that, within a community, some individuals engage in unusual
Positive_deviance
postmodern criminology – powercontrol theory – Alma Preinkert – primary deviance – primary research – prison – prison cell – prisons in the United States
Index_of_criminology_articles
George Herbert Mead — prejudice — primary deviance — Primary and secondary groups — primary labor market — primary sector — private health care — privatism
Index_of_sociology_articles
Husband of an adulterous wife
Semerdjian, Elyse (2012-03-01). "'Because he is so tender and pretty': sexual deviance and heresy in eighteenth-century Aleppo". Social Identities. 18 (2): 175–199
Cuckold
American sociologist
secondary". Interactionism Labelling theory Primary Deviance Secondary deviance Deviance (sociology) Crime and Deviance: Essays and Innovations of Edwin M. Lemert
Edwin_Lemert
Sexual attraction to prepubescent children
"Pedophilia: Psychopathology and Theory". In Laws, D. Richard (ed.). Sexual Deviance: Theory, Assessment, and Treatment (2 ed.). New York City: Guilford Press
Pedophilia
Sexual arousal a person receives from an object or situation
Psychopathology and theory. In D. R. Laws and W. O'Donohue (Eds.), Sexual deviance: Theory, assessment, and treatment. New York: Guilford. Scorolli, C.; Ghirlanda
Sexual_fetishism
Informal understanding of acceptable conduct
extreme. Deviance also causes multiple emotions one experiences when going against a norm. One of those emotions widely attributed to deviance is guilt
Social_norm
Form of workplace bullying by a supervisor
"frustration, injustices and threats to self are primary antecedents to employee deviance". Although workplace deviance does occur, the behavior is not universal
Abusive_supervision
Social groups
Appelbaum, R. P., D. Carr, M. Duneir, and A. Giddens. 2009. "Conformity, Deviance, and Crime." Introduction to Sociology, New York: W. W. Norton & Company
Types_of_social_groups
Sexual penetration without the use of a condom
Frederick, BJ (2013), ""Delinquent boys": Toward a new understanding of "deviance" and transgression in gay men" (PDF), Critical Criminology, 21 (4): 139–149
Bareback_sex
Deviance regulation theory (DRT) posits that people choose to stray from social norms in socially attractive ways as well as avoiding socially unattractive
Deviance_regulation_theory
Type of associative learning process for behavioral modification
repeatable responses, and the rate of such responses became Skinner's primary behavioral measure. Another invention, the cumulative recorder, produced
Operant_conditioning
Practice of having casual sex frequently with different partners
approval, such as "the stud" or "the player", while others imply societal deviance, such as "the womanizer" or "the philanderer". A scientific study published
Promiscuity
Woman assigned male at birth
required.) Forsyth, Craig J.; Copes, Heith (2014). Encyclopedia of Social Deviance. SAGE Publications. p. 740. ISBN 978-1-4833-6469-8. Archived from the original
Trans_woman
Academic field that seeks to understand terrorism
committed is labeled deviant, and that original act is referred to as the primary deviance. Being labeled deviant causes a person to see themselves as deviants
Sociology_of_terrorism
Penetrative sexual activity for reproduction or sexual pleasure
Specified: Psychopathology and theory". In Laws DR, O'Donohue WT (eds.). Sexual Deviance, Second Edition: Theory, Assessment, and Treatment. New York: The Guilford
Sexual_intercourse
American politician and lawyer (1919–1998)
required) Clarke, James W. (1981). "Emotional Deprivation and Political Deviance: Some Observations on Governor Wallace's Would-Be Assassin, Arthur H. Bremer"
George_Wallace
2010 film by Martin Scorsese
Constructing Crime: Discourse and Cultural Representations of Crime and 'Deviance'. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 79. ISBN 9780230392083. Archived from the original
Shutter_Island_(film)
1986 breakup of American orbiter
published The Challenger Launch Decision: Risky Technology, Culture, and Deviance at NASA, which argues that NASA's structure and mission, rather than just
Space Shuttle Challenger disaster
Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster
Belief system and practices developed by L. Ron Hubbard
December 25, 2009. Straus, Roger (Spring 1986). "Scientology "Ethics": Deviance, Identity and Social Control in a Cult-Like Social World". Symbolic Interaction
Scientology
Scientific study of human society and relationships
religion, secularization, law, sexuality, gender, race, social norms, and deviance. Recent studies have added socio-technical aspects of the digital divide
Sociology
Sexual attraction toward the elderly
Specified: Psychopathology and Theory". In Laws, D. Richard (ed.). Sexual Deviance: Theory, Assessment, and Treatment, 2nd edition. The Guilford Press. p
Gerontophilia
Sociological term for "normlessness"
anomie with deviance, arguing that the discontinuity between culture and structure have the dysfunctional consequence of leading to deviance within society
Anomie
Behavior or process that undermines individuality of and in others
function as dehumanizing labels because they tended to act as markers of deviance. One pair of studies found that subjects were more likely to associate
Dehumanization
French sociologist (1858–1917)
thought deviance to be an essential component of a functional society. He believed that deviance had three possible effects on society: Deviance challenges
Émile_Durkheim
Type of discrimination or disapproval
society of saints, a perfect cloister of exemplary individuals. Crimes or deviance, properly so-called, will there be unknown; but faults, which appear venial
Social_stigma
Fear that some evil threatens society
needed] Cohen stated that the mass media is the primary source of the public's knowledge about deviance and social problems. He further argued that moral
Moral_panic
19th-century British sexual art and literature
especially in theatre and literature. Sex was often illustrated by stories of deviance and scandal. It is argued that some Victorian erotica rests on techniques
Victorian_erotica
Group of fictional characters
(ed.). Marginal Conventions: Popular Culture, Mass Media, and Social Deviance. Bowling Green State University Popular Press. p. 122. ISBN 0-87972-489-7
List of He-Man and the Masters of the Universe characters
List_of_He-Man_and_the_Masters_of_the_Universe_characters
Anal or oral sex with people, any sex with an animal, non-procreative sex
common in Germanic protohistory (as according to Germanic folklore, sexual deviance and especially same-sex desire were caused by a form of malevolence or
Sodomy
Expulsion of fluid during orgasm
the discussion in only five separate ways; procreation, sexual pleasure, deviance, pathology, and a scientific mystery. The discussion entered popular culture
Female_ejaculation
British broadcaster, journalist and former politician (born 1953)
Lord Tebbit accusing Portillo of lying about the extent of his sexual "deviance", and similar comments from an associate included in a profile of Portillo
Michael_Portillo
Tattoos associated with criminal activity and gang membership
and/or means of personal expression. Tattoos have been associated with deviance, personality disorders, and criminality. However, there is no causal relationship
Criminal_tattoo
Gender identity differing from sex assigned at birth
Lifestyles". In Forsyth, Craig J.; Copes, Heith (eds.). Encyclopedia of Social Deviance. SAGE Publications. ISBN 978-1-4833-6469-8. "Glossary of Terms: Transgender"
Transgender
Involuntary muscle spasm that interferes with vaginal penetration
Srajer, Hannah (2023). "Imperfect Intercourse: Sexual Disability, Sexual Deviance, and the History of Vaginal Pain in the Twentieth-Century United States"
Vaginismus
Queen of France from 1774 to 1792
emotional relationship. Around this time, pamphlets describing farcical sexual deviance including the queen and her friends in the court were growing in popularity
Marie_Antoinette
Employee behavior that goes against the legitimate interests of an organization
the CWB term to subsume related constructs that are distinct: Workplace deviance is behavior at work that violates norms for appropriate behavior. Retaliation
Counterproductive work behavior
Counterproductive_work_behavior
2017 American crime thriller television series
The ADT serviceman's wife gives him a pamphlet about overcoming sexual deviance. Tench begins to look into the BTK killer and, with Ford's help, notices
Mindhunter_(TV_series)
Metaphor for a person within a social group
This section relies excessively on references to primary sources. Please improve this section by adding secondary or tertiary sources. Find sources: "Missing
Missing_stair
American politician (born 1933)
agents who committed rape, sexual crimes against children, other sexual deviance and misconduct, attempted murder of a spouse, and narcotics violations
Chuck_Grassley
Attitudes and behaviors towards sex in ancient Rome
upperclass households. "Homosexual" and "heterosexual" did not form the primary dichotomy of Roman thinking about sexuality, and no Latin words for these
Sexuality_in_ancient_Rome
Clash of beliefs or values
conflict that occurs when conflicting norms create "opportunities for deviance and criminal gain in deviant subcultures." Kornblum notes that, whenever
Cultural_conflict
Peoples Temple cult settlement in Guyana, led by Jim Jones
Danny L (April 1, 1980). "The Social Construction and Interpretation of Deviance: Jonestown and the Mass Media". Deviant Behavior. 1 (3–4): 309–312. doi:10
Jonestown
Conservative political initiative in the United States
2025's Mandate, Kevin Roberts argues that pornography promotes sexual deviance, the sexualization of children, and the exploitation of women; is not protected
Project_2025
Feminine qualities in boys or men
Halperin compares "universalising" and "minoritising" notions of gender deviance: "'Softness' either may represent the specter of potential gender failure
Effeminacy
inhibiting its availability and increasing the receptors' degradation.50 The primary indication is for metastatic prostate cancer, although it has been used
Medical_uses_of_bicalutamide
2013 edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Psychiatric Babel. Springer. ISBN 978-94-017-9764-1. Murphy D (2015). "Deviant deviance": Cultural diversity in DSM-5" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF)
DSM-5
Medical condition
can be used for medical definitions, including pathology, symptomology, deviance from a normal range, or etiology, and that the same is true for mental
Mental_disorder
youth and health". Alice Bolin, writing for Racked in 2016, observed that "deviance from gender norms is not 'presidential'", but that Trump had managed to
Makeup_of_Donald_Trump
Japanese fashion subculture
12, 2022. Turney, Joanne (July 25, 2019). Fashion Crimes: Dressing for Deviance. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-78831-564-7. Keliyan, Maya (December
Gyaru
Form of child abuse
Richard; O'Donohue, William T. (1997). "H. E. Barbaree, M. C. Seto". Sexual Deviance: Theory, Assessment, and Treatment. Guilford Press. pp. 175–93. ISBN 978-1-57230-241-9
Child_sexual_abuse
Term referring to a homosexual person
also acquired the pejorative meaning within youth culture. LGBTQ portal Deviance (sociology) – Action or behavior that violates social norms Gay bashing –
Gay
Motorcycle subculture
purposes of maintaining a dominance myth of women by men and amplifying the deviance of the male club members. These myths about the women are: that they are
Outlaw_motorcycle_club
Act of sexual abuse
than or equal to 18 years. The first-stage sampling frame contained 2,919 primary sampling units (PSUs), consisting of two- and four-year colleges and universities
Sexual_assault
Facility where people are kept as punishment
to house those awaiting trial (pre-trial detention). Prisons serve two primary functions within the criminal-justice system: holding people charged with
Prison
LGBTQ celebration event
April 5, 1972, as a protest against the International Congress on Sexual Deviance organized by the Catholic-inspired Italian Center of Sexology. The event
Pride_parade
Personality disorder
individual psychiatric condition, as a reflection of broader social norms about deviance, and as shaped by institutional and political systems such as incarceration
Antisocial personality disorder
Antisocial_personality_disorder
Personality model consisting of five broad dimensions
interpersonal interactions and helping behavior; lower conflict; lower deviance and turnover. Furthermore, attributes related to Agreeableness are important
Big_Five_personality_traits
Field of studies related to crimes
high rates of population turnover. This theory suggests that crime and deviance are valued within groups in society, 'subcultures' or 'gangs'. These groups
Criminology
Prison design
1177/26326663221101571. Dimitris Akrivos & Alexandros K. Antoniou (2019). Crime, Deviance and Popular Culture: International and Multidisciplinary Perspectives.
Panopticon
Brand of sex dolls
valley Weird Science (film) Worthen, Meredith G. F. (10 June 2016). Sexual Deviance and Society: A sociological examination. Routledge. pp. 264–. ISBN 978-1-317-59337-9
RealDoll
School of criminology
previous theories to formulate a "fully social theory of deviance". Sociologically, deviance is "the violation of a social norm which is likely to result
Marxist_criminology
Head of the Catholic Church from 1978 to 2005
scandals and emphasised the role of seminary training to prevent sexual deviance among future priests. In what The New York Times called "unusually direct
Pope_John_Paul_II
affiliation of ex-DEViANCE members is a reoccurring argument between groups. Describing members of a modern warez group as ex-DEViANCE became something
List_of_warez_groups
Branch of Orthodox Judaism
Retrieved February 23, 2014. Bryant 2012: "Haredi press rarely reports on deviance and unconventionality among Haredim. Thus, most reports are based on the
Haredi_Judaism
Widespread moral panic alleging abuse
Erich; Ben-Yahuda, Nachman (1994). Moral Panics: The Social Construction of Deviance. Cambridge, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 57. ISBN 978-0-631-18905-3. Rice, Joshua
Satanic_panic
Collection of religious texts
class afforded special benefits; it destigmatized illness, legitimized the deviance from the norm that sickness includes, and formed the basis for future modern
Bible
2010s–present technological convergence era
beginning of an imagination age, where creativity and imagination become the primary drivers of economic value. The phrase Fourth Industrial Revolution was
Fourth_Industrial_Revolution
Third gender of South Asian cultures
India". In Freilich, Morris; Raybeck, Douglas; Savishinsky, Joel S. (eds.). Deviance: Anthropological Perspectives. Bergin & Garvey. ISBN 978-0-89789-204-9
Hijra_(South_Asia)
Medieval French nobleman and convicted serial killer
the influence of crime reporting, a fascination with criminal and sexual deviance, and sensibilities drawn to the macabre and the fantastique," as researcher
Gilles_de_Rais
War crimes committed by the Empire of Japan
Machine. United States Navy. Ben-Yehuda, Nachman (15 July 2013). Atrocity, Deviance, and Submarine Warfare: Norms and Practices During the World Wars. University
Japanese_war_crimes
Psychological process
three most prominent concepts of identification as described by Freud are: primary identification, narcissistic (secondary) identification and partial (secondary)
Identification_(psychology)
Seeking of a third partner by a couple
1177/13634607221107821. Griffiths, Heather; Frobish, Todd S. (November 2013). "Virtual Deviance: Swinging and Swapping in an On-Line Network". Deviant Behavior. 34 (11):
Unicorn_hunting
1994 video game
between solemn and audacious in its dialogue and gameplay, and noted its deviance from RPG tropes in aspects such as choice of attacks in battle. He found
EarthBound
Islamic views of Muhammad
(1501–1722) periods, are due to a secular attitude of the time and a religious deviance. In contrast, Barbara Brend argues that the absence of depictions of Muhammad
Muhammad_in_Islam
Secret police of Nazi Germany
Gestapo received a denunciation, and it was the Gestapo's active pursuit of deviance and dissent that was the only thing that gave denunciations meaning." The
Gestapo
Worldwide economic crisis
Perfect Storm". Economic Crisis and Crime. Sociology of Crime, Law and Deviance. pp. 25–45. doi:10.1108/S1521-6136(2011)0000016005. ISBN 978-0-85724-801-5
2008_financial_crisis
Personality construct
clearer picture of the Big Five and Dark Triad as predictors of workplace deviance". Journal of Applied Psychology. 106 (12): 1950–1961. doi:10.1037/apl0000880
Machiavellianism_(psychology)
DC Comics superhero
discussion of Wertham's impact see Brooker (2001). Medhurst, Andy. "Batman, Deviance, and Camp." The Many Lives of the Batman: Critical Approaches to a Superhero
Batman
German fascist ideology
Sterilization was also mandated for chronic alcoholism and other forms of social deviance. An estimated 360,000 people were sterilised between 1933-39. Although
Nazism
French philosopher (1926–1984)
that are intolerable, quite unacceptable."[non-primary source needed] Foucault considered his primary project to be the investigation of how people through
Michel_Foucault
Fundamentalist movement within Sunni Islam
here" [in Saudi Arabia] and challenged users of the term to locate any "deviance of the form of Islam practiced in Saudi Arabia from the teachings of the
Wahhabism
Weber's classification of authority into three parts
(legal-rational). Weber also conceived of these three types within his three primary modes of conflict: traditional authority within status groups, charismatic
Tripartite classification of authority
Tripartite_classification_of_authority
Lifelong process of inheriting and disseminating norms, customs and ideologies
ideologies of their society. It involves both learning and teaching and is the primary means of maintaining social and cultural continuity over time. It is a
Socialization
Religious, ideological, or philosophical beliefs based on Satan
Introvigne stated that these incidents were "more a product of juvenile deviance and marginalization than Satanism". In a few cases, the crimes of these
Satanism
Theory in communications
Byron; Rice, Ronald E. (2017-08-01). "A Dual-Identity Model of Responses to Deviance in Online Groups: Integrating Social Identity Theory and Expectancy Violations
Expectancy_violations_theory
Speaker, author, and transgender advocate
Worthen, Meredith G. F.; Dirks, Danielle (2016). "Gender and Deviance". Sexual Deviance and Society: A sociological examination. Abingdon, UK: Routledge
Thomas_Beatie
Maladaptive patterns of behavior, cognition, and inner experience
development. These were often understood as weaknesses of character or willful deviance, and were distinguished from neurosis or psychosis. The term 'borderline'
Personality_disorder
shift in adults; the authors felt the best way to prevent "future sexual deviance", or at least make it unlikely as possible, was to correct gender noncomforming
History_of_conversion_therapy
Relationship between the individual and society
socialization, social constructionism, social norms and deviance, identity and roles, and emotional labor. The primary methods of data collection are sample surveys
Social_psychology_(sociology)
Concept of the personification of evil in Christianity
God did not create death, but that it was forged by the Devil through deviance from the righteous way (a love of God and gratitude). In a sense, it was
Devil_in_Christianity
American poet and author (1894–1962)
modernist and frequently employs what linguist Irene Fairley calls "syntactic deviance". Some poems do not involve any typographical or punctuation innovations
E._E._Cummings
American politician (1940–2026)
earlier immigration law which allowed persons to be excluded for a sexual deviance "afflict[ion]". He said in a 1996 interview: "I'm used to being in the
Barney_Frank
PRIMARY DEVIANCE
PRIMARY DEVIANCE
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
The Primal God
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
The Primal Energy
Boy/Male
Indian
Another name of God, Primary, First
Boy/Male
Arabic
Secrecy; Privacy
Girl/Female
Australian, French, German, Italian, Latin, Swedish
First-born
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
The Primal Mother
Boy/Male
Hindu
The primal God
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
The Primal Root
Girl/Female
Latin
Firstborn.
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
The Primal Idol
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
The Primal Residue
Boy/Male
Muslim
Another name of God, Primary, First
Boy/Male
Tamil
The primal God
Girl/Female
Hindu
Love, Affection
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.Serbian : unexplained.
Boy/Male
Arabic
Secrecy; Privacy
Boy/Male
English French
Servant of the priory.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Antecedent; Preceding; Another Name for God; Primary; First; Former
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Traditional
The Primal Lakshmi
Boy/Male
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Jain, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sikh, Telugu
The Best; Being Supreme; Primary; Perfect; Ultimate
PRIMARY DEVIANCE
PRIMARY DEVIANCE
Girl/Female
Arabic, French, Gujarati, Indian, Muslim
Concord
Boy/Male
Greek
North wind.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Strongest, Lord of truth
Boy/Male
Hindu
Lord venkateswara, Lord of seven hills
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit
One who Makes Garlands
Female
Italian
Feminine form of Italian Edmondo, EDMONDA means "protector of prosperity."
Girl/Female
American, Australian, French, German, Latin
Holy Trinity; Triad
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Lord Shiva
Boy/Male
Arabic
Keep it Safe
Boy/Male
Tamil
Lord Vishnu
PRIMARY DEVIANCE
PRIMARY DEVIANCE
PRIMARY DEVIANCE
PRIMARY DEVIANCE
PRIMARY DEVIANCE
a.
First; original; primary.
a.
Illustrating, possessing, or characterized by, some quality or property in the first degree; having undergone the first stage of substitution or replacement.
adv.
At first; primarily.
n.
A primary meeting; a caucus.
a.
Primitive; primary; original.
pl.
of Primary
a.
First; primary; original; chief.
n.
That which stands first in order, rank, or importance; a chief matter.
n.
The office, dignity, or position of a primate; primacy.
pref.
Chief; primary; primordial.
a.
Of or pertaining to the urine; as, the urinary bladder; urinary excretions.
a.
Worthy of the palm; palmy; preeminent; superior; principal; chief; as, palmary work.
a.
First in dignity or importance; chief; principal; as, primary planets; a matter of primary importance.
adv.
In a primary manner; in the first place; in the first place; in the first intention; originally.
a.
The office, rank, or character of a primate; the chief ecclesiastical station or dignity in a national church; the office or dignity of an archbishop; as, the primacy of England.
a.
First in order, as being preparatory to something higher; as, primary assemblies; primary schools.
n.
A kind of type, of which there are two species; one, called long primer, intermediate in size between bourgeois and small pica [see Long primer]; the other, called great primer, larger than pica.
n.
A primary planet; the brighter component of a double star. See under Planet.
n.
One of the large feathers on the distal joint of a bird's wing. See Plumage, and Illust. of Bird.
pl.
of Prima donna